Abstract: A cemented carbide includes a first hard phase, a second hard phase, and a binder phase, wherein the first hard phase is composed of tungsten carbide grains, the second hard phase is composed of carbide grains including niobium or tantalum as a constituent element, the binder phase includes cobalt, nickel, and chromium as constituent elements, at least part of the carbide grains further include tungsten as a constituent element, and when a volume ratio of the second hard phase to the cemented carbide is represented by A volume % and a volume ratio of a total of a niobium element and a tantalum element to the cemented carbide is represented by B volume %, a ratio A/B of A to B is more than 1.2.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating film that is disposed on the substrate, wherein the coating film includes a first layer composed of metal tungsten and hexagonal ditungsten carbide, and the first layer has an elastic deformation rate of 43.0 or more and 58.0 or less.

Abstract: A cemented carbide includes a first hard phase and a binder phase. The first hard phase is composed of tungsten carbide grains. The binder phase includes cobalt and nickel as constituent elements. An arbitrary surface or arbitrary cross section of the cemented carbide has: a region R1 interposed between an interface between the tungsten carbide grains and the binder phase and an imaginary line A; a region R2 interposed between the imaginary line A and an imaginary line B; and a region R3 other than the region R1 and R2. When a line analysis is performed in a range including the region R1 and the region R3 adjacent to the region R1 with the region R2, a ratio C5/C20 of a maximum atomic concentration C5 at % of cobalt in the region R1 and a maximum atomic concentration C20 at % of cobalt in the region R3 is more than 1.

Abstract: Provided are a request processing unit to send a first process distribution request to other information processing apparatuses via a communication I/F unit, the first process distribution request being a request for ordering execution of a first process on a first; and an order destination selecting unit to receive, via the communication I/F unit, as a response to the first process distribution request, a first estimated reply time calculated as the time required to receive the transfer of the first data and to reply a first process result obtained by executing the first process on the first data, to use the first estimated reply time to select an order destination to which the execution of the first process is to be ordered by the plurality of information processing apparatuses, and to order the execution of the first process on the first data to the order destination via the communication interface unit.

Abstract: Provided is a second-part-position estimating unit (120) that calculates a plurality of second-part estimated positions by estimating a position of a second part in a target image from a plurality of first-part position candidates, each of which is a candidate of a position of a first part in the target image; and a first-part-position-candidate confidence-level calculating unit (130) that calculates a plurality of first-part-position candidate confidence levels indicating confidence levels of the first-part position candidates so that the longer the distance between a second-part position, which is the position of the second part in the target image, and one of the second-part estimated positions, the lower the confidence level of the first-part position candidate used for the estimation of the one of the second-part estimated position out of the first-part position candidates.

Abstract: A cutting tool is made of a cemented carbide including a first hard phase and a binder phase. The first hard phase is composed of WC particles. The binder phase contains Co and/or Ni. The cutting tool includes a main body part and a surface layer part. A thickness of the surface layer part is equal to or less than an average particle diameter of the first hard phase. On a surface of a plain part in a rake face, 1.0 GPa or more of a compressive residual stress is applied to the first hard phase. A ratio (B/A) of the average particle diameter (B) of the first hard phase on the surface of the plain part in the rake face to an average particle diameter (A) of the first hard phase on a cross section of the main body part is 0.7 or more and less than 1.

Abstract: A base material according to an aspect of the present disclosure is made of a cemented carbide. The cemented carbide includes a first hard phase and a binder phase. The first hard phase consists of WC particles. The binder phase includes at least one element selected from Co and Ni. The base material includes a body portion, and a surface portion provided on a surface of the body portion. The surface portion has a thickness less than or equal to an average particle size in the first hard phase. A ratio (B/A) of an area proportion (B) of the binder phase in a surface of the surface portion to an area proportion (A) of the binder phase in a cross section of the body portion is not less than 1.2 and not more than 2.0.

Abstract: Provided are a request processing unit to send a first process distribution request to other information processing apparatuses via a communication I/F unit, the first process distribution request being a request for ordering execution of a first process on a first; and an order destination selecting unit to receive, via the communication I/F unit, as a response to the first process distribution request, a first estimated reply time calculated as the time required to receive the transfer of the first data and to reply a first process result obtained by executing the first process on the first data, to use the first estimated reply time to select an order destination to which the execution of the first process is to be ordered by the plurality of information processing apparatuses, and to order the execution of the first process on the first data to the order destination via the communication interface unit.

Abstract: At least one layer in a coating located on a surface of a substrate is a domain structure layer constituted of two or more domains different in composition and a thin layer located between the domains and being different in composition from each of the domains. The thin layer is located between any one domain and any another domain and in contact therewith. When the size of each of a plurality of first domains present in the domain structure layer is defined as a diameter of a virtual circumcircle in contact with each first domain, the average value of the size of each first domain is not smaller than 1 nm and not greater than 10 nm and a thickness of the thin layer in a direction of thickness of the domain structure layer is not less than 1 atomic layer and not more than 10 atomic layers.

Abstract: Cemented carbide contains first hard-phase particles containing WC, second hard-phase particles which contain carbonitride containing at least Ti and Nb, and a metallic binder phase containing an iron-group element. The second hard-phase particle includes a granular core portion. The core portion contains composite carbonitride expressed as Ti1-X-YNbXWYC1-ZNZ, where X is not smaller than 0.1 and not greater than 0.2, Y is not smaller than 0 and not greater than 0.05, and Z is not smaller than 0.3 and not greater than 0.6. The cemented carbide has an absolute value of a difference not greater than 10, between a ratio (%) of an area occupied by the second hard-phase particles at a surface thereof and a ratio (%) of an area occupied by the second hard-phase particles in a region extending from the surface by 0.5 mm in a direction of depth.

Abstract: A cemented carbide includes a first hard phase and a binder phase. The first hard phase is composed of tungsten carbide grains. The binder phase includes cobalt and nickel as constituent elements. An arbitrary surface or arbitrary cross section of the cemented carbide has: a region R1 interposed between an interface between the tungsten carbide grains and the binder phase and an imaginary line A; a region R2 interposed between the imaginary line A and an imaginary line B; and a region R3 other than the region R1 and R2. When a line analysis is performed in a range including the region R1 and the region R3 adjacent to the region R1 with the region R2, a ratio C5/C20 of a maximum atomic concentration C5 at % of cobalt in the region R1 and a maximum atomic concentration C20 at % of cobalt in the region R3 is more than 1.

Abstract: A cemented carbide includes a first hard phase, a second hard phase, and a binder phase, wherein the first hard phase is composed of tungsten carbide grains, the second hard phase is composed of carbide grains including niobium or tantalum as a constituent element, the binder phase includes cobalt, nickel, and chromium as constituent elements, at least part of the carbide grains further include tungsten as a constituent element, and when a volume ratio of the second hard phase to the cemented carbide is represented by A volume % and a volume ratio of a total of a niobium element and a tantalum element to the cemented carbide is represented by B volume %, a ratio A/B of A to B is more than 1.2.

Abstract: A titanium carbonitride powder for use as a starting material for a hard material satisfies a D50 of from 2.0 ?m to 6.0 ?m and a D10/D90 of from 0.20 to 0.50, wherein D50 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 50% of a particle size distribution by volume, D10 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 10% of the particle size distribution by volume, and D90 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 90% of the particle size distribution by volume.

Abstract: A hard material includes a first hard phase containing titanium carbonitride as a major constituent and a binder phase containing an iron group element as a major constituent. In any surface or cross-section of the hard material, the grain size D50 at a cumulative percentage of 50% of a grain size distribution by area of the first hard phase is 1.0 ?m or more, and the average aspect ratio of first hard phase particles having grain sizes larger than or equal to D50 is 2.0 or less.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating film that coats the substrate, wherein the coating film includes a WC1-x layer composed of a compound represented by WC1-x, where x is more than or equal to 0.54 and less than or equal to 0.58, and the compound represented by WC1-x includes a hexagonal crystal structure.

Abstract: Provided are a cemented carbide having excellent plastic deformation resistance and a cutting tool in which the cemented carbide is used as a substrate. A cemented carbide includes a hard phase containing tungsten carbide particles and a binder phase containing, as a main component, an iron-group element, wherein the formula B/A?0.05 is satisfied, where A represents the number of the tungsten carbide particles, and B represents the number of tungsten carbide particles whose number of contact points with other tungsten carbide particles is 1 or less. Preferably, the iron-group element includes cobalt, and the cobalt content in the cemented carbide is 8% by mass or more. Preferably, the tungsten carbide particles have an average particle diameter of 3 ?m or more.

Abstract: A titanium carbonitride powder for use as a starting material for a hard material satisfies a D50 of from 2.0 ?m to 6.0 ?m and a D10/D90 of from 0.20 to 0.50, wherein D50 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 50% of a particle size distribution by volume, D10 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 10% of the particle size distribution by volume, and D90 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 90% of the particle size distribution by volume.

Abstract: Provided is a cemented carbide including a first hard phase and a binder phase, the first hard phase consisting of WC, the binder phase being composed of either three elements which are Co, Ni and Cr or four elements which are Co, Ni, Cr and Mo, when a Co content is M1, a total content of Cr and Mo is M2, a total content of Ni, Cr, and Mo is M3, and a total content of Co, Ni, Cr, and Mo is M4, ratio M1/M4 being from 15 to 50%, ratio M2/M3 being from 15 to 40%, a ratio of an area of Cr/Mo-rich particles being lower than 1%, wherein the Cr/Mo-rich particles are particles constituting a region where a concentration of at least one of Cr and Mo is higher than the ratio of M1 to M4 in cross sectional elemental mapping of the cemented carbide.

Abstract: Cemented carbide contains first hard-phase particles containing WC, second hard-phase particles which contain carbonitride containing at least Ti and Nb, and a metallic binder phase containing an iron-group element. The second hard-phase particle includes a granular core portion. The core portion contains composite carbonitride expressed as Ti1?X?YNbXWYC1?ZNZ, where X is not smaller than 0.1 and not greater than 0.2, Y is not smaller than 0 and not greater than 0.05, and Z is not smaller than 0.3 and not greater than 0.6. The cemented carbide has an absolute value of a difference not greater than 10, between a ratio (%) of an area occupied by the second hard-phase particles at a surface thereof and a ratio (%) of an area occupied by the second hard-phase particles in a region extending from the surface by 0.5 mm in a direction of depth.

Abstract: A hard material includes a first hard phase containing titanium carbonitride as a major constituent and a binder phase containing an iron group element as a major constituent. In any surface or cross-section of the hard material, the grain size D50 at a cumulative percentage of 50% of a grain size distribution by area of the first hard phase is 1.0 ?m or more, and the average aspect ratio of first hard phase particles having grain sizes larger than or equal to D50 is 2.0 or less.