Abstract: At least one layer in a coating located on a surface of a substrate is a domain structure layer constituted of two or more domains different in composition. The average value of the size of each of first domains, defined as the diameter of a virtual circumcircle in contact with each first domain, is 1 nm to 10 nm. The average value of the nearest neighbor distance of each first domain, defined as the length of the shortest straight line connecting the center of the circumcircle with the center of another circumcircle adjacent to the circumcircle, is 1 nm to 12 nm. 95% or more of the first domains has a size within ±25% of the average value of the size, and 95% or more of the first domains has a nearest neighbor distance within ±25% of the average value of the nearest neighbor distance.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating film that coats the substrate, wherein the coating film includes a WC1-x layer composed of a compound represented by WC1-x, where x is more than or equal to 0.54 and less than or equal to 0.58, the compound represented by WC1-x includes a hexagonal crystal structure, and a maximum point of a peak exists in a range of 31.2 to 31.4 eV in a spectrum diagram of a 4f orbital of a tungsten element obtained when measuring the WC1-x layer by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis method.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating film that coats the substrate, wherein the coating film includes a WC1-x layer composed of a compound represented by WC1-x, where x is more than or equal to 0.54 and less than or equal to 0.58, the compound represented by WC1-x includes a hexagonal crystal structure, and a ratio 1(110)/1(011) of an X-ray diffraction intensity of a (110) plane to an X-ray diffraction intensity of a (011) plane in the WC1-x layer is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.4.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating film that coats the substrate, wherein the coating film includes a WC1-x layer composed of a compound represented by WC1-x, where x is more than or equal to 0.54 and less than or equal to 0.58, and the compound represented by WC1-x includes a hexagonal crystal structure.

Abstract: A hard alloy includes complex carbonitride hard phases that contain Ti and at least one additional element, and a metal binder phase containing an iron group element as a main component element. The complex carbonitride hard phases include homogeneous composition hard phases where in-complex carbonitride hard phase average concentrations of Ti and the additional element have a difference of greater than or equal to ?5 atom % and less than or equal to 5 atom % from average concentrations of Ti and the additional element in all the complex carbonitride hard phases. On any cross section specified in the hard alloy, a cross-sectional area of the homogeneous composition hard phases accounts for greater than or equal to 80% of a cross-sectional area of the complex carbonitride hard phases, and the homogeneous composition hard phases account for greater than or equal to 80% of the complex carbonitride hard phases in number.

Abstract: A cemented carbide including a hard phase, a binding phase, and inevitable impurities. The hard phase satisfies a first hard phase composed mainly of tungsten carbide, and a second hard phase composed mainly of a compound. The compound contains multiple types of metallic elements including tungsten and at least one element selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron. The second hard phase satisfies D10/D90<0.4, wherein D10 denotes a cumulative 10% grain size in an area-based grain size distribution on a surface or cross section of the cemented carbide, and D90 denotes a cumulative 90% grain size in the area-based grain size distribution, and satisfies ?2<5.0, wherein ?2 denotes the variance of the distance between the centroids of the nearest two of the second hard phases. The average grain size DW of the first hard phase ranges from 0.8 to 4.0 ?m and satisfies DM/DW<1.0, wherein DM denotes the average grain size of the second hard phase.

Abstract: At least one layer in a coating located on a surface of a substrate is a domain structure layer constituted of two or more domains different in composition and a thin layer located between the domains and being different in composition from each of the domains. The thin layer is located between any one domain and any another domain and in contact therewith. When the size of each of a plurality of first domains present in the domain structure layer is defined as a diameter of a virtual circumcircle in contact with each first domain, the average value of the size of each first domain is not smaller than 1 nm and not greater than 10 nm and a thickness of the thin layer in a direction of thickness of the domain structure layer is not less than 1 atomic layer and not more than 10 atomic layers.

Abstract: An intraoral three-dimensional measuring method, comprising: acquiring, with a handy scanner, wide range three-dimensional measurement information on a three-dimensional shape measured on a wide range in a desirable measurement range in an intraoral space; acquiring, with the handy scanner, a plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information each on a three-dimensional shape measured on a narrow range narrower than the wide range in the measurement range; and locating, with a controller, the plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information based on the wide range three-dimensional measurement information by use of, as a synthesis reference, intra-measurement range position information common to the wide range three-dimensional measurement information and each of the plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information, and creating synthetic three-dimensional information on the measurement range.

Abstract: A complex carbonitride powder contains Ti as a main component element and at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, and Si. The complex carbonitride powder includes a plurality of complex carbonitride particles containing Ti and the additional element. The plurality of complex carbonitride particles include a plurality of homogeneous composition particles where average concentrations of Ti and the additional element in each complex carbonitride particle have a difference in a range of greater than or equal to ?5 atom % and less than or equal to 5 atom % from average concentrations of Ti and the additional element in the whole complex carbonitride powder. A cross-sectional area of the homogeneous composition particles is greater than or equal to 90% of a cross-sectional area of the complex carbonitride particles 1p.

Abstract: An intraoral three-dimensional measuring method, comprising: acquiring, with a handy scanner, wide range three-dimensional measurement information on a three-dimensional shape measured on a wide range in a desirable measurement range in an intraoral space; acquiring, with the handy scanner, a plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information each on a three-dimensional shape measured on a narrow range narrower than the wide range in the measurement range; and locating, with a controller, the plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information based on the wide range three-dimensional measurement information by use of, as a synthesis reference, intra-measurement range position information common to the wide range three-dimensional measurement information and each of the plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information, and creating synthetic three-dimensional information on the measurement range.

Abstract: A cemented carbide including a hard phase, a binding phase, and inevitable impurities. The hard phase satisfies a first hard phase composed mainly of tungsten carbide, and a second hard phase composed mainly of a compound. The compound contains multiple types of metallic elements including tungsten and at least one element selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron. The second hard phase satisfies D10/D90<0.4, wherein D10 denotes a cumulative 10% grain size in an area-based grain size distribution on a surface or cross section of the cemented carbide, and D90 denotes a cumulative 90% grain size in the area-based grain size distribution, and satisfies ?2<5.0, wherein ?2 denotes the variance of the distance between the centroids of the nearest two of the second hard phases. The average grain size DW of the first hard phase ranges from 0.8 to 4.0 ?m and satisfies DM/DW<1.0, wherein DM denotes the average grain size of the second hard phase.

Abstract: An intraoral three-dimensional measuring method, comprising: acquiring, with a handy scanner, wide range three-dimensional measurement information on a three-dimensional shape measured on a wide range in a desirable measurement range in an intraoral space; acquiring, with the handy scanner, a plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information each on a three-dimensional shape measured on a narrow range narrower than the wide range in the measurement range; and locating, with a controller, the plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information based on the wide range three-dimensional measurement information by use of, as a synthesis reference, intra-measurement range position information common to the wide range three-dimensional measurement information and each of the plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information, and creating synthetic three-dimensional information on the measurement range.

Abstract: At least one layer in a coating located on a surface of a substrate is a domain structure layer constituted of two or more domains different in composition. The average value of the size of each of first domains, defined as the diameter of a virtual circumcircle in contact with each first domain, is 1 nm to 10 nm. The average value of the nearest neighbor distance of each first domain, defined as the length of the shortest straight line connecting the center of the circumcircle with the center of another circumcircle adjacent to the circumcircle, is 1 nm to 12 nm. 95% or more of the first domains has a size within ±25% of the average value of the size, and 95% or more of the first domains has a nearest neighbor distance within ±25% of the average value of the nearest neighbor distance.

Abstract: Provided are a cemented carbide having excellent plastic deformation resistance and a cutting tool in which the cemented carbide is used as a substrate. A cemented carbide includes a hard phase containing tungsten carbide particles and a binder phase containing, as a main component, an iron-group element, wherein the formula B/A?0.05 is satisfied, where A represents the number of the tungsten carbide particles, and B represents the number of tungsten carbide particles whose number of contact points with other tungsten carbide particles is 1 or less. Preferably, the iron-group element includes cobalt, and the cobalt content in the cemented carbide is 8% by mass or more. Preferably, the tungsten carbide particles have an average particle diameter of 3 ?m or more.

Abstract: A hard alloy includes complex carbonitride hard phases that contain Ti and at least one additional element, and a metal binder phase containing an iron group element as a main component element. The complex carbonitride hard phases include homogeneous composition hard phases where in-complex carbonitride hard phase average concentrations of Ti and the additional element have a difference of greater than or equal to ?5 atom % and less than or equal to 5 atom % from average concentrations of Ti and the additional element in all the complex carbonitride hard phases. On any cross section specified in the hard alloy, a cross-sectional area of the homogeneous composition hard phases accounts for greater than or equal to 80% of a cross-sectional area of the complex carbonitride hard phases, and the homogeneous composition hard phases account for greater than or equal to 80% of the complex carbonitride hard phases in number.

Abstract: A cermet contains hard phase particles containing Ti and a binding phase containing at least one of Ni and Co. 70% or more of the hard phase particles have a cored structure containing a core and a peripheral portion around the core. The core is composed mainly of at least one of Ti carbide, Ti nitride, and Ti carbonitride. The peripheral portion is composed mainly of a Ti composite compound containing Ti and at least one selected from W, Mo, Ta, Nb, and Cr. The core has an average particle size ?, the peripheral portion has an average particle size ?, and ? and ? satisfy 1.1??/??1.7. The hard phase particles in the cermet have an average particle size of more than 1.0 ?m.

Abstract: A cermet contains hard phase particles containing Ti and a binding phase containing at least one of Ni and Co, and 70% or more (by number) of the hard phase particles have a cored structure containing a core and a peripheral portion around the core. The core is composed mainly of at least one of Ti carbide, Ti nitride, and Ti carbonitride, and the peripheral portion is composed mainly of a Ti composite compound containing Ti and at least one selected from W, Mo, Ta, Nb, and Cr. The core has an average particle size ?, the peripheral portion has an average particle size ?, and ? and ? satisfy 1.1??/??1.7.

Abstract: An intraoral three-dimensional measuring method, comprising: acquiring, with a handy scanner, wide range three-dimensional measurement information on a three-dimensional shape measured on a wide range in a desirable measurement range in an intraoral space; acquiring, with the handy scanner, a plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information each on a three-dimensional shape measured on a narrow range narrower than the wide range in the measurement range; and locating, with a controller, the plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information based on the wide range three-dimensional measurement information by use of, as a synthesis reference, intra-measurement range position information common to the wide range three-dimensional measurement information and each of the plurality of pieces of narrow range three-dimensional measurement information, and creating synthetic three-dimensional information on the measurement range.

Abstract: A spot friction welding tool is for performing spot friction welding of a first member and a second member by superposing the first member and the second member and pressing the spot friction welding tool against the first member and the second member from the first member side. Each of the first member and the second member is a steel plate having a tensile strength of not lower than 590 MPa. The spot friction welding tool is rotatable around a rotation axis. The spot friction welding tool includes a column having a shoulder at a tip end thereof, and a cylindrical or truncated conical probe protruding from the shoulder in a direction of extension of the rotation axis.

Abstract: A spot friction welding tool is for performing spot friction welding of a first member and a second member by superposing the first member and the second member and pressing the spot friction welding tool against the first member and the second member from the first member side. Each of the first member and the second member is a steel plate having a tensile strength of not lower than 270 MPa and not higher than 370 MPa. The spot friction welding tool is rotatable around a rotation axis. The spot friction welding tool includes a column having a shoulder at a tip end thereof, and a cylindrical or truncated conical probe protruding from the shoulder in a direction of extension of the rotation axis.