Abstract: A rolling bearing includes an inner ring, an outer ring, a plurality of balls, and a cage that holds the balls. The cage includes an annular portion and a plurality of cage bars. Each of the balls is received a pocket between each pair of cage bars that is adjacent in the circumferential direction. A portion of the pocket in a second axial direction opens with a dimension that is smaller than a diameter of the balls. The cage bar includes a flat surface that is continuous with an inner peripheral surface of the annular portion, and an inclined surface that extends away from the inner ring toward the second axial direction from the flat surface.

Abstract: A rolling bearing includes: an inner ring; an outer ring; a plurality of rolling elements provided between an inner ring raceway and an outer ring raceway; and a cage that holds the rolling elements at intervals in a circumferential direction. The cage includes an annular portion provided in a first axial direction with respect to the rolling elements, and a plurality of cage bars provided to extend in a second axial direction from the annular portion. The annular portion includes a contact surface that makes sliding contact with a shoulder portion. The cage bars each include a first projecting portion and a second projecting portion. The second projecting portion covers a part of the inner ring raceway on a side of the shoulder portion.

Abstract: A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch ?, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3.

Abstract: A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch ?, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3.

Abstract: A photonic device for splitting optical beams includes an input port configured to receive an input beam having an input power, a power splitter including perturbation segments arranged in a first region and a second region of a guide material having a first refractive index, each segment having a second refractive index, wherein the first region is configured to split the input beam into a first beam and a second beam, wherein and the second region is configured to separately guide the first and second beams, wherein the first refractive index is greater than the second refractive index, and output ports including first and second output ports connected the power splitter to respectively receive and transmit the first and second beams.

Abstract: An optical ring circuit for modulating light from a light source into an optical signal includes a ring modulator located near a waveguide to couple a light propagating the waveguide, the ring modulator including a pair of electrodes, a signal generator to transmit an electrical signal corresponding to the optical signal, a filter circuit to generate an output signal, wherein the filter circuit includes an adder unit and at least one tap unit having a delay unit and a coefficient unit, wherein the adder unit adds the electrical signal from the signal generator and a signal passed from the tap unit for pre-compensating signal components of the electrical signal by at least twice delay time of the delay unit, and a driver circuit to apply a voltage to the electrodes based on the output signal.

Abstract: A communication system transmits an input block of bits over a communication channel using a prefix tree that maps a dyadic distribution of compositions of output symbols to prefixes of variable lengths. A path to each leaf of the prefix tree is defined by a prefix formed by a unique sequence of binary values of a length equal to a depth of the leaf. Each leaf is associated with a composition that has at least a number of unique permutations equals to two in a power of a length of a suffix of the block of input bits. The system selects a composition identified in the prefix tree by a prefix, permutes the selected composition according to a suffix, and transmits the permuted composition over a communication channel. The compositions are selected to reduce one or combination of energy and kurtosis of transmission.

Abstract: A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch ?, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3.

Abstract: An acrylic rubber has a residual calcium content of 60 wt ppm or less and a polymer pH of 7.0 or less, and preferably has a carboxyl group.

Abstract: A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch ?, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3.

Abstract: A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch ?, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3.

Abstract: A complex that includes a metal fine particle dispersant including a branched polymer compound having an ammonium group and having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000,000; and a metal fine particle, wherein the metal fine particle includes platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd), the metal fine particle dispersant includes a branched polymer compound of Formula (1):

Abstract: A photonic device for splitting optical beams includes an input port configured to receive an input beam having an input power, a power splitter including perturbation segments arranged in a first region and a second region of a guide material having a first refractive index, each segment having a second refractive index, wherein the first region is configured to split the input beam into a first beam and a second beam, wherein and the second region is configured to separately guide the first and second beams, wherein the first refractive index is greater than the second refractive index, and output ports including first and second output ports connected the power splitter to respectively receive and transmit the first and second beams.

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming a multilayer coating film giving excellent low temperature impact resistance to a substrate that comprises a metal material and a plastic material. The method for forming a multilayer coating film comprises sequential steps of forming an uncured primer coating film, an uncured first colored coating film, an uncured second colored coating film and an uncured clear coating film on a substrate; and heating the same so as to simultaneously cure these 4 coating films, wherein the aqueous first colored paint and aqueous second colored paint are each a 1-package type paint composition containing a specific hydroxyl group-containing resin and a specific blocked polyisocyanate compound.

Abstract: A method decodes an optical signal transmitted over an optical channel from a transmitter to a receiver. The method produces, from the transmitted optical signal, a digital signal including received data symbols and received pilot symbols and determines phase noise on the pilot symbols using a statistical probability distribution of phase noise on the optical channel and errors between phases of the received pilot symbols and the transmitted pilot signals. The method estimates phase noise on the data symbols using an interpolation of the phase noise on the pilot symbols and compensates the digital signal with the phase noise on the data symbols to produce a filtered signal with an equalized phase. The method demodulates and decodes the filtered signal to produce an estimate of the transmitted optical signal.

Abstract: A communication system transmits an input block of bits over a communication channel using a prefix tree that maps a dyadic distribution of compositions of output symbols to prefixes of variable lengths. A path to each leaf of the prefix tree is defined by a prefix formed by a unique sequence of binary values of a length equal to a depth of the leaf. Each leaf is associated with a composition that has at least a number of unique permutations equals to two in a power of a length of a suffix of the block of input bits. The system selects a composition identified in the prefix tree by a prefix in the input block of bits, permutes the selected composition according to a suffix in the input block of bits, and transmits the permuted composition over a communication channel.

Abstract: A method for forming a multilayer coating film is provided. The method includes coating at least one object with an aqueous primer coating composition, an aqueous first colored coating composition, an aqueous second colored coating composition, and a clear coating composition, in that order. The aqueous primer coating composition contains a component (A) which contains a polyolefin resin, a component (B) which contains a polyurethane resin, a curing agent (C) and electrically conductive carbon (D). The aqueous first colored coating composition and aqueous second colored coating composition each contain a core/shell emulsion. The clear coating composition contains a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin, a polyisocyanate and a melamine resin. The method improves the appearance, chipping resistance, adhesive properties and low temperature impact properties of a coating film.

Abstract: A communication system includes a data source to receive a block of bits, a processor, a memory, in connection with the processor, to store a distribution matcher associated with a probability mass function (PMF) configured to match a block of equally likely input bits to a fixed number of output bits with values distributed according to the PMF of the distribution matcher using the processor. In this case, the distribution matcher contains a set of parallel binary distribution matchers which specify fully a target PMF, and a transmitter front end to transmit a block of shaped bits over a communication channel, such that bits in a sequence of the blocks of shaped bits are distributed according to the target PMF.

Abstract: A complex that includes a metal fine particle dispersant including a branched polymer compound having an ammonium group and having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000,000; and a metal fine particle, wherein the metal fine particle includes platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd), the metal fine particle dispersant includes a branched polymer compound of Formula (1):

Abstract: An optical ring circuit for modulating light from a light source into an optical signal includes a ring modulator located near a waveguide to couple a light propagating the waveguide, the ring modulator including a pair of electrodes, a signal generator to transmit an electrical signal corresponding to the optical signal, a filter circuit to generate an output signal, wherein the filter circuit includes an adder unit and at least one tap unit having a delay unit and a coefficient unit, wherein the adder unit adds the electrical signal from the signal generator and a signal passed from the tap unit for pre-compensating signal components of the electrical signal by at least twice delay time of the delay unit, and a driver circuit to apply a voltage to the electrodes based on the output signal.