Abstract: The embodiments of the invention provide methods to deal with problems of cycle slips, angular skew, and residual phase noise for high-speed optical communications employing any arbitrary high-order multi-dimensional modulation formats. The embodiments use a slip process analyzer, a skew angle estimator, and a phase noise variance estimator to provide feedforward soft-decision information of a carrier phase recovery (CPE) for more accurate likelihood calculation based on a high-order hidden Markov model (HMM). The log-likelihood calculation can be done jointly in dual polarization with joint Markov state transition. Some embodiments use a kernel filter or a particle filter for log-likelihood calculation.

Abstract: There is provided a novel production method of a chlorinated hyperbranched polymer that is optically stable and is capable of derivatizing the chlorinated hyperbranched polymer into various compounds. A production method of a chlorinated hyperbranched polymer for producing a chlorinated hyperbranched polymer of Formula (1): {where X is a chlorine atom; R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and A1 is a phenylene-alkylene group, n is the number of repeating unit structures and is an integer of 2 to 100,000}, comprising the step of substituting a dithiocarbamate group of a hyperbranched polymer of Formula (3): (where R1, A1, and n are the same as defined in Formula (1); and each of R2 and R3 is a C1-5 alkyl group, a C1-5 hydroxyalkyl group, or a C7-12 arylalkyl group, or R2 and R3 optionally form a ring together with a nitrogen atom bonded to R2 and R3) with a chlorine atom using sulfuryl chloride.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel primer for use in pretreatment steps in electroless plating which is environmentally friendly, by which process is easy with fewer steps, and which can realize cost reduction. A primer for forming a metal plating film on a base material by electroless plating, the primer including: a hyperbranched polymer having an ammonium group at a molecular terminal and a weight-average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000,000; a metal fine particle; and an alkoxysilane.

Abstract: A method generates constant modulus multi-dimensional modulations for coherent optical communications by first projecting points in a constellation of the code onto a Poincare sphere or its higher-dimensional hyper-sphere. By using meta-heuristic procedures, nonlinear programming and gradient search methods, constellation points in the hyper-sphere are optimized in certain criteria, such as maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance, minimizing the union bound, minimizing the bit-error rate, minimizing the required signal-to-noise ratio, maximizing the nonlinear fiber reach, maximizing the phase noise tolerance, and maximizing the mutual information. Some methods use parametric unitary space-time block codes such as Grassmannian packing, and filter impulse response as well as unitary rotation over adjacent code blocks to generate near-constant modulus waveform, not only at the symbol timing, but also over the entire time.

Abstract: A mode-evolution compound converter for processing an optical signal that includes a first component having a fundamental transverse magnetic (TM) mode and a second component having a fundamental transverse electric (TE) mode is disclosed. The compound converter includes a set of multiple converters connected to form a compound converter, wherein each converter is a mode-evolution converter selected from a group including a polarization converter, a spatial converter, and combination thereof, wherein the polarization converter at least converts a mode of a polarization of at least one component of the optical signal, and the spatial mode converter at least converts a spatial mode order of at least one component of the optical signal.

Abstract: A multi-mode interference (MMI) device includes a substrate layer, a core layer grown on the substrate layer for propagating an optical signal, and a cladding layer grown on the core layer for guiding the optical signal. The MMI device also includes a non-uniform pattern of patches forming a non-uniform refractive index distribution within the MMI device.

Abstract: A multi-mode interference (MMI) device includes a substrate layer, a core layer grown on the substrate layer for propagating an optical signal, and a cladding layer grown on the core layer for guiding the optical signal. The MMI device includes a patch with a non-uniform shape formed by an intersection of a plurality of curves forming a non-uniform refractive index distribution within the MMI device. The plurality of curves includes at least one curve with a non-null curvature.

Abstract: An adaptive coding scheme for nonlinear channels improves reliability and an efficiency in digital communication networks. The method monitors channel statistics to analyze an extrinsic information transfer chart of the channels. The channel statistics are fed back to the transmitter to adapt forward error correction coding. A parametric analysis method uses a Gaussian mixture model. The statistical information feedback can adapt an ARQ sheme by adding a weighted received signal to the original coded signals to reduce nonlinear distortion. Trellis shaping can make the transmitting signal preferable for nonlinear channels.

Abstract: A compound optical combiner for combining multiple optical signals includes a set of combiners. The set of combiners includes at least one polarization combiner optically connected to at least one non-polarization combiner. The non-polarization combiner combines a first set of input signals while preserving a polarization of each input signal in the first set of signals. The polarization combiner combines a second set of input signals while converting the polarization of at least one input signal in the second set of signals.

Abstract: A multi-mode interference (MMI) device includes a substrate layer, a core layer deposited on the substrate layer for propagating an optical signal, and a cladding layer deposited on the core layer for guiding the optical signal. The core layer includes a core section suitable for propagating multiple optical signals having different wavelengths. The core section includes a shifting segment for uniquely shifting phases of the multiple optical signals. The shifting segment includes at least one or a combination of sections having different effective refractive index, a tilted segment, a curved section, and waveguides with variations in width, thickness or effective refractive index.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for forming a multiple layered coating film in three wet coating method, which the multiple layered coating film has excellent chipping resistance while maintaining smoothness between the coating films. The present invention provides a process for forming a multiple layered coating film comprising the steps of forming an uncured first base coating film; an uncured second base coating film and an uncured clear coating film in order on an automobile body having an electrodeposition coating film on the surface thereof, and then simultaneously heating and curing the uncured coating films to form a multiple layered coating film, wherein the multiple layered coating film comprising the first base coating film having the dry coating film thickness of 25 ?m, the second base coating film having the dry coating film thickness of 10 ?m and the clear coating film having the dry coating film thickness of 30 ?m has an elongation at 20° C.

Abstract: A multi-layer paint film satisfies paint film performance, such as water resistance, impact resistance and the like, required of an automobile paint film and which has excellent paint film appearance is obtained. The method comprises coating an aqueous first base paint (A) over an electrodeposited cured paint film to form a first base paint film, and then coating an aqueous second base paint (B) over the first base paint film without carrying out preliminary drying by heating after forming the first base paint film to form a second base paint film, preliminary drying by heating is carried out after forming the second base paint film, coating a single-liquid type clear paint (C) over the second base paint film to form a clear coat paint film. These three paint film layers are heated and cured at the same time.

Abstract: There is provided a metal fine particle association suitably applied to an electrode catalyst to achieve even higher output leading to reduction in amount of the catalyst used, and a process for producing the same, that is, a metal fine particle association including a plurality of metal fine particles that have a mean particle diameter of 1 nm to 10 nm and are associated to form a single assembly, an association mixture including the metal fine particle association and a conductive support; a premix for forming an association, including metal fine particles, a metal fine particle dispersant made of a hyperbranched polymer, and a conductive support; and a method for producing the association mixture.

Abstract: A multi-mode interference includes a core portion suitable, at any point, for propagating an optical signal having multiple spatial modes. The core portion includes a shifting section for shifting phases of the spatial modes of the optical signal.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for forming a multilayered coating film, which comprises applying a first aqueous base coating composition, then applying a second aqueous base coating composition without preheating, then conducting preheating, subsequently applying a clear coating composition, and then curing thus formed three layers of first aqueous base coating film, second aqueous base coating film and clear coating film simultaneously, wherein a coating composition which comprises a specific aqueous polyester resin, a specific aqueous acrylic resin, an aqueous urethane resin and a melamine resin, when used for the first aqueous base coating composition, gives a multilayered coating film which is excellent in smoothness, distinctness-of-image gloss, chipping resistance and hardness.

Abstract: A multi-mode interference (MMI) device includes a substrate layer, a core layer grown on the substrate layer for propagating an optical signal, and a cladding layer grown on the core layer for guiding the optical signal. The MMI device includes a patch with a non-uniform shape formed by an intersection of a plurality of curves forming a non-uniform refractive index distribution within the MMI device. The plurality of curves includes at least one curve with a non-null curvature.

Abstract: A compound optical combiner for combining multiple optical signals includes a set of combiners. The set of combiners includes at least one polarization combiner optically connected to at least one non-polarization combiner. The non-polarization combiner combines a first set of input signals while preserving a polarization of each input signal in the first set of signals. The polarization combiner combines a second set of input signals while converting the polarization of at least one input signal in the second set of signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the formation of multi-layer paint films with the omission of a mid-coat paint coating process. The method comprises the use of a particular aqueous colored paint (A) comprising a prescribed amount of specified titanium oxide that has been compounded, The resulting multi-layer paint films have a very bright paint color, and especially a white or light-colored color, and have excellent concealing properties. The aqueous colored paint (A) is characterized by containing from 50 to 60 mass % with respect to the whole paint solid fraction of titanium oxide of specific surface area not more than 13 m2/g.

Abstract: A metal fine particle dispersant for forming a disperse system of metal fine particles, the metal fine particle dispersant having a branched polymer compound having an ammonium group and having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000,000.

Abstract: To provide a coating composition, which is capable of providing a coating film on a resin part and on a steel plate part at the same time at lower temperatures than conventional coating compositions, and which is capable of providing a coating film that has excellent bending resistance. A clear coating composition, which contains a base material that contains an acrylic polyol, a crosslinking agent that is composed of an active methylene type blocked isocyanate and a melamine resin, and a curing catalyst. The mass ratio of the base material to the melamine resin is 1.5-9.0, and the mass percentage of the active methylene type blocked isocyanate in the composition is set within a specific range when the total of the mass percentage of the base material and the mass percentage of the melamine resin in the composition is taken as 100% by mass.