Abstract: Compositions and methods relating to the use of cationic and monobasic amino acids combined with ketoacids for the purposes of regulating molecular signals to control anabolic and anti-catabolic activity in skeletal muscular development are disclosed. The present invention is designed to influence the genetic control system for muscle protein synthesis to stimulate muscle growth, increase muscle mass, decrease muscle catabolism, decrease recovery time and to treat muscle wasting and/or degeneration. Said compositions are to be administered to a subject one to four times daily.

Abstract: Disclosed is the operation of actuators, and particularly microactuators, by the application of energy other than through conventional sources of heating, including fiber optics for both control/feedback and energy delivery.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for achieving high work output per unit volume in micro-robotic actuators, and in particular TiNi actuators. Such actuators are attractive as a means of powering nano-robotic movement, and are being developed for manipulation of structures at near the molecular scale. In these very small devices (one micron scale), one means of delivery of energy is by electron beams. Movement of mechanical structures a few microns in extent has been demonstrated in a scanning electron microscope. Results of these and subsequent experiments will be described, with a description of potential structures for fabricating moving a microscopic x-y stage.

Abstract: A wireless local area network allows roaming of a mobile unit to allow it to serially associate with a number of access points of the network fixed backbone. This roaming is supported by an improved measurement of communications link quality, which includes calculating a mean error free length of a test pattern broadcast by each access point and received by a mobile unit. The test pattern is a digital data message. Thus an accurate measurement of link quality is provided which allows a mobile unit to determine whether it should change its association to another access point having improved communications link quality. Further, a load balancing process is provided to balance the communications load amongst a variety of access points, by allowing mobile units also to switch their association with access points in accordance with a current total data rate at any given access point and also considering the number of currently high data rate mobile units associated with a particular access point at any one time.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer array comprising a plurality of wafers of semiconductor material. Each of the wafers is provided with cone-shaped or pyramid-shaped vias. Inserted in each of the vias is a correspondingly shaped wad of electrically conductive compliant material for forming continuous vertical electrical connections between the wafers in the stack. The base of each wad makes connection to a bonding pad on the surface of a lower wafer as well as to the electrically conductive compliant material in the lower wafer.

Abstract: A wafer array comprising a plurality of wafers of semiconductor material are stacked one on top of another. Through holes are provided in the wafers and electrically conductive liquid is inserted in the through holes for interconnecting all of the wafers. The conductive liquid is electrically insulated from all parts of the wafers except a part comprising an electrically conductive bonding pad which provides an electrical path between the conductive liquid and transistors located in the wafers. The wafers, which are disposed in a stack one on top of the other, are mounted in an enclosure and coupled to electrical pin members for connection to external devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for recording data on a recording medium using an extended cavity laser in which the recording medium is an integral part of the laser cavity. The recording medium may be magnetic or nonmagnetic.

Abstract: An apparatus for reading a recorded medium using an extended cavity laser in which the recorded medium is an integral part of the laser cavity. Recorded mediums for producing a Kerr effect, differentially reflective mediums and mediums capable of undergoing stimulated emissions are disclosed.