Abstract: A mechanism that enables developer replenishment by a simpler structure and a mechanism that enables more user-friendly developer replenishment are provided. An attachment port to which a developer supply bottle containing a developer stored therein is detachably attachable is disposed in an interior of an image forming apparatus. The developer supply bottle can be attached when the cover is in an open state. According to this image forming apparatus, when the developer supply bottle is attached to the attachment port, the developer inside the developer supply bottle moves into a developer housing chamber by its own weight.

Abstract: The optical thin film is provided on a substrate and includes, in order, from the substrate side, an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer, and a dielectric layer, in which an anchor region including an oxide of an anchor metal is provided in an interface region of the silver-containing metal layer on a side close to the interlayer, a cap region including an oxide of the anchor metal is provided in an interface region of the silver-containing metal layer on a side close to the dielectric layer, a film thickness of the silver-containing metal layer is 6 nm or less, the silver-containing metal layer contains a high standard electrode potential metal, and a peak position of a concentration distribution of the high standard electrode potential metal in a film thickness direction of the silver-containing metal layer is positioned closer to the interlayer than a peak position of a silver concentration distribution.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a power generation element includes a first step of disposing a support unit that supports a vibration unit in one end portion of the vibration unit in one direction, and disposing a weight unit in the other end portion of the vibration unit in the one direction in a substrate including the vibration unit capable of vibrating, a second step of disposing a piezoelectric unit that generates power due to vibration in a portion of the vibration unit on an opposite side from the support unit side in a thickness direction of the substrate after the support unit and the weight unit are disposed in the vibration unit, and a third step of extracting a power generation element from the substrate by cutting an outer edge of the vibration unit in the thickness direction of the substrate after the piezoelectric unit is disposed in the vibration unit.

Abstract: A piezoelectric laminate and a piezoelectric element, including on a substrate in the following order, a lower electrode layer, and a piezoelectric film, in which a region of the lower electrode layer, the region being in contact with the piezoelectric film, is constituted of a metal layer, where a (111) plane of the metal layer has an inclination of 1° or more with respect to a surface of the substrate, and the piezoelectric film contains a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb.

Abstract: In a laminated film, a resin substrate, an organic/inorganic multilayer, and a silver-containing metal layer having a thickness of 20 nm or less are laminated in this order, an anchor metal diffusion control layer having a Hamaker constant of 7.3×10?20 J or more is provided on the surface of the inorganic layer, an anchor region containing an oxide of an anchor metal having a surface energy which has a smaller difference with a surface energy of the silver-containing metal layer than a surface energy of the anchor metal diffusion control layer is provided between the anchor metal diffusion control layer and the silver-containing metal layer, and a cap region containing an oxide of the anchor metal is provided on a surface of the silver-containing metal layer that is opposite from a surface on a side closer to the anchor metal diffusion control layer.

Abstract: An antireflection film is provided on a substrate and includes an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer containing silver, and a dielectric layer, which are laminated in this order on a side of a substrate, in which the interlayer is a multilayer film having at least two layers in which a layer of high refractive index having a relatively high refractive index and a layer of lower refractive index having a relatively low refractive index are alternately laminated, the dielectric layer has a surface exposed to air, and the dielectric layer is a multilayer film including a silicon-containing oxide layer, a magnesium fluoride layer, and an adhesion layer provided between the silicon-containing oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer and configured to increase adhesiveness between the silicon-containing oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes, in sequence, a substrate, a lower electrode layer, a growth control layer, a piezoelectric layer including, as a main component, a perovskite-type oxide containing lead and an upper electrode layer. The growth control layer includes a metal oxide represented by MdN1-dOe, where M is composed of one or more metal elements capable of substituting in the perovskite-type oxide, 0<d<1, and when the electronegativity is X, 1.41X?1.05?d?A1·exp(?X/t1)+y0, where A1=1.68×1012, t1=0.0306, and y0=0.59958.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes, in sequence, a substrate, a lower electrode layer, a growth control layer, a piezoelectric layer including a perovskite-type oxide containing lead as a main component of an A site, and an upper electrode layer. The growth control layer includes a metal oxide represented by MdN1?dOe, where M is one or more metal elements capable of substituting for the A site of the perovskite-type oxide. When the electronegativity of M is X, 1.41X?1.05?d?A1·exp(?X/t1)+y0, where A1=1.68×1012, t1=0.0306, and y0=0.59958. The perovskite-type oxide is represented by (Pba1?a2)(Zrb1Tib2?b3)Oc, where 0.5<a1/(b1+b2+b3)<1.07.

Abstract: Provided is an antireflection film that is formed by laminating an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer containing silver, and a dielectric layer, in this order, on a substrate, in which the interlayer is a multilayer film having two or more layers, in which a layer of high refractive index having a relatively high refractive index and a layer of low refractive index having a relatively low refractive index are alternately laminated, and the dielectric layer has a surface to be exposed to air and is a multilayer film having two or more layers including an oxide layer and a fluorocarbon layer which is a self-assembled film that is formed by a silane coupling reaction to the oxide layer in this order.

Abstract: An antireflection film is formed by laminating an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer containing silver, and a dielectric layer in this order from the substrate, an anchor region including an oxide of an anchor metal is provided between the silver-containing metal layer and the interlayer, a cap region including an oxide of the anchor metal included in the anchor region is provided between the silver-containing metal layer and the dielectric layer, a crystal grain size obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement in the silver-containing metal layer is less than 6.8 nm, and the anchor metal has a surface energy less than a surface energy of silver and greater than a surface energy of a layer of the interlayer closest to the silver-containing metal layer.

Abstract: This method for producing a transparent optical film includes a film formation step of forming a silver layer and a high standard electrode potential metal layer so as to be laminated on a substrate, the film formation step including a silver deposition step of forming the silver layer, at a thickness of 6 nm or less by vacuum deposition, and a high standard electrode potential metal deposition step of forming the high standard electrode potential metal layer formed of a high standard electrode potential metal having a higher standard electrode potential than that of silver by vacuum deposition, and an alloying step of forming a silver alloy layer by diffusing the high standard electrode potential metal within the silver layer by performing a heating treatment at a temperature of 50° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower.

Abstract: The antireflection film includes a dielectric multilayer film arranged on the substrate side and a fine uneven layer containing an alumina hydrate as a main component and provided to be laminated on the dielectric multilayer film. The dielectric multilayer film includes alternating layers of layers of high refractive index having a relatively high refractive index and layers of low refractive index having a relatively low refractive index, the dielectric multilayer film includes a barrier layer containing silicon nitride as one of the layer of high refractive index and the layer of low refractive index, and the barrier layer has a density of 2.7 g/cm3 or more and a thickness of 15 nm or more and 150 nm or less.

Abstract: The optical thin film is provided on a substrate and includes, in order, from the substrate side, an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer, and a dielectric layer, in which an anchor region including an oxide of an anchor metal is provided in an interface region of the silver-containing metal layer on a side close to the interlayer, a cap region including an oxide of the anchor metal is provided in an interface region of the silver-containing metal layer on a side close to the dielectric layer, a film thickness of the silver-containing metal layer is 6 nm or less, the silver-containing metal layer contains a high standard electrode potential metal, and a peak position of a concentration distribution of the high standard electrode potential metal in a film thickness direction of the silver-containing metal layer is positioned closer to the interlayer than a peak position of a silver concentration distribution.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a power generation element includes a first step of disposing a support unit that supports a vibration unit in one end portion of the vibration unit in one direction, and disposing a weight unit in the other end portion of the vibration unit in the one direction in a substrate including the vibration unit capable of vibrating, a second step of disposing a piezoelectric unit that generates power due to vibration in a portion of the vibration unit on an opposite side from the support unit side in a thickness direction of the substrate after the support unit and the weight unit are disposed in the vibration unit, and a third step of extracting a power generation element from the substrate by cutting an outer edge of the vibration unit in the thickness direction of the substrate after the piezoelectric unit is disposed in the vibration unit.

Abstract: An antireflection film is provided on a substrate and includes an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer containing silver, and a dielectric layer, which are laminated in this order on a side of a substrate, in which the interlayer is a multilayer film having at least two layers in which a layer of high refractive index having a relatively high refractive index and a layer of lower refractive index having a relatively low refractive index are alternately laminated, the dielectric layer has a surface exposed to air, and the dielectric layer is a multilayer film including a silicon-containing oxide layer, a magnesium fluoride layer, and an adhesion layer provided between the silicon-containing oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer and configured to increase adhesiveness between the silicon-containing oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer.

Abstract: In a laminated film, a resin substrate, an organic/inorganic multilayer, and a silver-containing metal layer having a thickness of 20 nm or less are laminated in this order, an anchor metal diffusion control layer having a Hamaker constant of 7.3×10?20 J or more is provided on the surface of the inorganic layer, an anchor region containing an oxide of an anchor metal having a surface energy which has a smaller difference with a surface energy of the silver-containing metal layer than a surface energy of the anchor metal diffusion control layer is provided between the anchor metal diffusion control layer and the silver-containing metal layer, and a cap region containing an oxide of the anchor metal is provided on a surface of the silver-containing metal layer that is opposite from a surface on a side closer to the anchor metal diffusion control layer.

Abstract: An optical thin film formed by laminating, from the substrate side, an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer that contains silver, and a dielectric layer, in which an anchor metal diffusion control layer provided between the interlayer and the silver-containing metal layer, an anchor region which includes an oxide of the anchor metal and has a surface energy that is less than the surface energy of the silver-containing metal layer and larger than the surface energy of the anchor metal diffusion control layer is provided between the anchor metal diffusion control layer and the silver-containing metal layer, a cap region which includes an oxide of the anchor metal is provided between the silver-containing metal layer and the dielectric layer, and the total film thickness of the silver-containing metal layer, the anchor region, and the cap region is 6 nm or less.

Abstract: An optical thin film formed by laminating, from the substrate side, an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer that contains silver, and a dielectric layer, in which an anchor metal diffusion control layer provided between the interlayer and the silver-containing metal layer, an anchor region which includes an oxide of the anchor metal and has a surface energy that is less than the surface energy of the silver-containing metal layer and larger than the surface energy of the anchor metal diffusion control layer is provided between the anchor metal diffusion control layer and the silver-containing metal layer, a cap region which includes an oxide of the anchor metal is provided between the silver-containing metal layer and the dielectric layer, and the total film thickness of the silver-containing metal layer, the anchor region, and the cap region is 6 nm or less.

Abstract: This method for producing a transparent optical film includes a film formation step of forming a silver layer and a high standard electrode potential metal layer so as to be laminated on a substrate, the film formation step including a silver deposition step of forming the silver layer, at a thickness of 6 nm or less by vacuum deposition, and a high standard electrode potential metal deposition step of forming the high standard electrode potential metal layer formed of a high standard electrode potential metal having a higher standard electrode potential than that of silver by vacuum deposition, and an alloying step of forming a silver alloy layer by diffusing the high standard electrode potential metal within the silver layer by performing a heating treatment at a temperature of 50° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower.

Abstract: Provided is an antireflection film that is formed by laminating an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer containing silver, and a dielectric layer, in this order, on a substrate, in which the interlayer is a multilayer film having two or more layers, in which a layer of high refractive index having a relatively high refractive index and a layer of low refractive index having a relatively low refractive index are alternately laminated, and the dielectric layer has a surface to be exposed to air and is a multilayer film having two or more layers including an oxide layer and a fluorocarbon layer which is a self-assembled film that is formed by a silane coupling reaction to the oxide layer in this order.