Abstract: A transparent substrate for the electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The substrate is cylindrical and made of a polymer resin, and Rz of an inner surface of the cylindrical substrate is not more than 0.5 .mu.m. The electrophotographic photoreceptor employing the substrate is suitably used for imagewise exposure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor from the inside of the cylindrical substrate. An image forming method employing the photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A control signal generating circuit in a synchronous semiconductor memory device outputs timing signals for controlling activation of a word line and activation of sense amplifier, by delaying an external control signal by prescribed time periods. A bank control signal generating circuit provided for each bank holds activation of the timing signal from the control signal generating circuit, and outputs a signal for controlling timing of activation of the word line and timing of activation of the sense amplifier of the corresponding bank.

Abstract: A rolling mill is provided with a pair of work rolls 2, a pair of intermediate rolls 3 and a pair of backup rolls 4 in a mill stand 5, wherein the pair of backup rolls are arranged so that their axial lines cross perpendicularly a plate travelling direction and do not incline to the direction in a horizontal plane, the intermediate rolls and work rolls are arranged so that the axial lines of the intermediate rolls and the axial line of the work rolls incline to (cross) the axes of the backup rolls in a counter direction to each other in a horizontal plane, and a lubricant supplying apparatus 6 is provided for supplying a lubricant to the roll surfaces.

Abstract: To provide a rolling mill in which work rolls being supported horizontally by static pressure bearings wherein, even under the action of an excessive horizontal force, preventing contact between the work rolls and the static pressure bearings to ensure the production of a strip product free of flaw and superior in its surface quality. Work rolls are supported by static pressure bearings through idler rolls. The amount of offset of the work rolls are changed respectively by moving devices through static pressure bearings. Further, pushing cylinders generate a certain force through the static pressure bearings to bear the force provided from the moving devices.

Abstract: A guide wire includes a first wire located at the distal end of the guide wire, a second wire located at the proximal end of the guide wire and having a flexural rigidity greater than that of the first wire, and a tubular connector for joining the first and second wires. The connector has one or more grooves or slits formed on the distal side of the boundary between the first wire and the second wire. The connector is formed of a material different from the material of the first wire. The proximal portion of the first wire is provided with a thin metal coating. The first wire is joined to the connector by brazing at the portion provided with the thin metal coating.

Abstract: Normal column selection signal switching device (20) is provided to switch a signal outputted from normal column selection signal generating device (19) in response to a test-mode signal (TMC1). Even if the normal column selection signal generating device (19) outputs a signal to disable a normal column decoder (3), the normal column selection signal switching device (20) switches the signal to enable the normal column decoder (3) to operate in the test operation. Having this configuration, a semiconductor memory device enables writing of data into all the normal memory cells even after some of the normal memory cells are replaced by spare memory cells.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming manhood using the same are disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a sublayer between the support and the photosensitive layer containing fine resin particles. A clear and sharp image is formed without generating interference fringes.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a semiconductor device, an interlayer insulating film is selectively etched to remove a level difference at an area of the interlayer insulating film on a cell plate on cylindrical capacitors and simultaneously form a concave portion on a fuse portion. Since the etching is ended to a degree that the cell plate is not exposed, the concave portion can be formed on the fuse portion not exposed. This does not add a step of forming a protection film on the fuse portion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus in which image formation is carried out by repeating charging, dot exposure, development, transfer, separation, and cleaning wherein the electrophotographic apparatus employs a photoreceptor composed of a support having thereon a photosensitive layer, and in which the machined circumferential surface, which is regularly formed in the direction along with the center axis of cylindrical support, satisfies Formula 1 below.L/A=n+(0.35 to 0.65) Formula 1whereinL: machined cycle width (.mu.m)A: recording dot pitchn: integer of 0 or moreThe electrophotographic apparatus is obtained which causes neither interference fringes or streaking due to the unevenness of the coating layer and the machined substrate surface.

Abstract: A power-on-reset signal is generated at a proper timing according to an object to which the power-on-reset signal is sent. A POR signal generating circuit for generating the power-on-reset signal is caused to operate with the voltage of an internal voltage generating circuit.

Abstract: A bonding apparatus for bonding metal plates, includes an overlapping mechanism for overlapping end portions of the metal plates, at least two supports for supporting the overlapped portion of the metal plates at one side of the metal plates, and a shearing blade disposed opposite the supports so as to sandwich the overlapped portion of the metal plates therebetween, wherein a mechanism is provided for moving relatively moving at least one of the shearing blade and the supports so as to press the shearing blade into the overlapped portion of the metal plates disposed between the supports and the shearing blade. A method for bonding is characterized by bonding metal plates by using the above apparatus.

Abstract: In a semiconductor memory device selectively implementing one of a 4K refresh cycle and a 8K refresh cycle, the positions of externally applied address signal bits are switched internally by address switching circuits such that memory cells at the same positions are selected regardless of whether the 4K refresh cycle or the 8K refresh cycle is specified according to a refresh cycle mode specify signal. As a result, by testing the device in one refresh cycle mode, the device can be checked in both refresh cycle operations, reducing the test time and making the test easier.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit and a standby down-converting circuit or a tuning circuit are located in the periphery of the region where a semiconductor device is formed on a semiconductor chip, and a region including an active down-converting circuit which operates during an active cycle or a drive circuit is located adjacent to a circuit actually consuming a current. According to the semiconductor device, increase in area can be suppressed compared to the structure in which both a standby down-converting circuit or drive circuit and the tuning circuit and an active down-converting circuit are located in the vicinity of each current consuming circuit, thereby achieving efficient arrangement of the internal power supply circuitry. As a result, a semiconductor device having efficiently arranged internal power supply circuitry is provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing an intermediate layer provide between a support and a photosensitive layer is disclosed. The intermediate layer contains at least one of an organic metal compound and a silane coupling agent or a product therefrom and its membranaceous index is 0.5 or more and 10 or less. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has low residual potential wherein no image defects such as spotting are caused over a long period of use.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for electrophotography is disclosed. The photoreceptor has an electroconductive substrate, and an interlayer and a photoconductive layer provided on the substrate in this order from the substrate; the electroconductive substrate has a ten-point mean roughness R.sub.z of from 0.5 .mu.m to 4.0 .mu.m; and the interlayer comprises a reaction product of an organic metal compound with a formula (RO).sub.m MX.sub.n and a silane coupling agent.The average thickness L of the interlayer and the ten-point mean roughness of the surface of said substrate satisfy the following requirement:0.3 .mu.m+(0.1.times.R.sub.z .mu.m).ltoreq.L .mu.m.ltoreq.3.0 .mu.m+(0.5.times.R.sub.z .mu.m).

Abstract: Normal column selection signal switching device (20) is provided to switch a signal outputted from normal column selection signal generating device (19) in response to a test-mode signal (TMC1). Even if the normal column selection signal generating device (19) outputs a signal to disable a normal column decoder (3), the normal column selection signal switching device (20) switches the signal to enable the normal column decoder (3) to operate in the test operation. Having this configuration, a semiconductor memory device enables writing of data into all the normal memory cells even after some of the normal memory cells are replaced by spare memory cells.

Abstract: In a semiconductor memory device selectively implementing one of a 4K refresh cycle and a 8K refresh cycle, the positions of externally applied address signal bits are switched internally by address switching circuits such that memory cells at the same positions are selected regardless of whether the 4K refresh cycle or the 8K refresh cycle is specified according to a refresh cycle mode specify signal. As a result, by testing the device in one refresh cycle mode, the device can be checked in both refresh cycle operations, reducing the test time and making the test easier.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor has an interlayer and a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive support, in which the interlayer comprising: an alkoxy metallic chelate compound of titanium or aluminum having a chelate group of acetoacetic ester or .beta.-diketone; and a silane coupling reagent having an organic functional group, the end of which is methacryloxy or amino group. A method of forming an electrophotographic image is also disclosed.

Abstract: A widthwise-compressing machine for applying a compression force through press tools to a material to reduce a width of the material while applying vibrations to said material to forcibly vibrate said material has a compression unit for producing a compression force forming a working force, and a vibration-applying unit for applying the vibration to said material. The vibration-applying unit is provided independently of the compression unit. In the widthwise-compressing machine, when the material is plastically worked, the material can be vibrated at an extremely high frequency to make it possible to resonate the material, thereby allowing the plastic-deformation thereof to be promoted.

Abstract: Surfaces having semiconductor oxides, metal oxides and hydrocarbons deposited thereon in a vacuum plasma processing chamber are in situ cleaned by introducing water vapor and SF.sub.6 and/or NF.sub.3 gas in the presence of a plasma discharge. The vapor and gas react to form gaseous HF, and an acidic gas including at least one of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and HNO.sub.3. The discharge ionizes and dissociates the HF and acidic gases to form gaseous reactants for the deposits. The reactants chemically react with the deposits, including the oxides and hydrocarbons, to vaporize these deposits. The vaporized deposits are pumped out of the chamber by the same pump which normally evacuates the chamber to a vacuum. Oxygen and/or H.sub.2 O.sub.2 vapors are introduced in the presence of the plasma to additionally clean the surfaces.