Abstract: An ATM system including a switch unit having a plurality of input/output ports and a plurality of interface units connected to the respective input/output ports of the switch unit, each of the interface units mutually generating an internal communication cell with information necessary for rate control of an ATM traffic added thereto, inserting the cell into a free band of a user traffic and sending the same to all the interface units through the switch unit to interchange rate control information between the respective interface units, thereby conducting rate control of an ATM traffic by which equal throughputs can be obtained among connections.

Abstract: A system switching over method and apparatus for duplicated ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switch, which enables keeping the delay quality of each cell unchanged without any cell loss, are realized. At the time of system switching over, the system-switching control unit in each system (a system previously in operation and a system newly in operation) mutually communicates each other and manages a temporary cell storage unit, in which cells to be read out are stored in accordance with the delay priority group, in each system, and reads out cells in the order of higher delay priority whichever the system is. A delay priority selector in the system of an operation state is controlled to provide a cell read out path for outputting cells depending on a system from which the cell being read out.

Abstract: An ATM switching system allowing simplified cell flow control is disclosed. A high-speed flow of incoming ATM cells is distributed in cell units to predetermined input ports of an ATM switch in an order in which the incoming ATM cells arrived. After cell switching of the ATM switch, outgoing ATM cells received in parallel from predetermined output ports of the ATM switch are multiplexed to produce a high-speed flow of outgoing ATM cells.

Abstract: A thermal insulating support device for piping comprises a base frame constituted by a bottom plate, a pair of side plates and a pair of end plates integrally formed with each other; a support frame of a plate shape and formed with a support hole, the support frame being fixed at a bottom of the piping; and a support shaft made of resin or ceramic material extending through the support hole of the support frame and fixedly supported by the pair of side plates on the base frame, the support shaft having thermal insulation properties and mechanical strength sufficient for supporting the piping.

Abstract: Soap containing oolong tea contains 0.1 weight % through 40 weight % of oolong tea. In the case of solid soap, oolong tea is mixed with a soap material in the step of blending perfume or the like. In this case, oolong tea in the form of powder, preferably of 20 mesh to 300 mesh is employed by such an amount that the content of oolong tea within the soap is ranged from 5 weight % to 40 weight %. The obtained soap containing oolong tea can dissolve iron from skin and remove oily smell of fishes or the like from hands and tableware.