Abstract: A three way catalyst and an NOx storage catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. In an engine low load operating region, a combustion is performed under a lean air-fuel ratio, and when NOx should be released from the NOx storage catalyst, the air-fuel ratio in a combustion chamber is made rich. In an engine medium load operating region, the base air-fuel ratio is made lower as compared with the engine low load operating region, and the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is made rich at a shorter period as compared with the engine low load operating region. When the operating state of the engine is switched from the engine low load operating region to the engine medium load operating region, the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is temporarily made rich, and the degree of richness of the air-fuel ratio at this time is stepwise lowered.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to suppress a reduction in a NOx purification ratio accompanying filter regeneration processing in an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine that includes a filter carrying an SCR catalyst. In the present invention, the temperature of the filter is increased following completion of the filter regeneration processing by increasing the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and in so doing, HC adhered to the filter is removed.

Abstract: In order to suppress ammonia from flowing out during regeneration treatment of a filter carrying an SCR catalyst, the prevent invention provides an exhaust emission control system, of an internal combustion engine, including a first stage catalyst having an oxidation function, a fuel supply device configured to supply fuel to the first stage catalyst, a filter provided in the exhaust passage downstream of the first stage catalyst and carrying a selective redaction type NOx catalyst, an ammonia supply device configured to supply ammonia to the filter, a filter-regeneration-treatment executing unit configured to execute filter regeneration treatment, and a control unit configured to supply, when the filter regeneration treatment is not executed, the ammonia in an amount corresponding to an amount of the NOx emitted from the internal combustion engine, and to supply, when the filter regeneration treatment is executed, the ammonia in an amount corresponding to an amount of the NOx obtained by subtracting, from th

Abstract: In an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine provided with a filter supporting an SCR catalyst, the present invention is intended to suppress HC and CO from being discharged to the outside at the time of the execution of filter regeneration processing, and to carry out the filter regeneration processing in an efficient manner. In the present invention, a post-catalyst having an oxidation function is arranged in an exhaust passage at the downstream side of the filter. Then, when the temperature of the post-catalyst is lower than a predetermined activation temperature at the time the execution of the filter regeneration processing is requested, the temperature of the post-catalyst is raised by carrying out control of raising the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and control increasing the flow rate of the exhaust gas, before the execution of the filter regeneration processing.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to provide a technique which can eliminate HC poisoning of an exhaust gas purification catalyst in a suitable manner in a fuel injection control system of an internal combustion engine which can use a liquid fuel and a gas fuel. In order to achieve this object, the present invention is constructed such that in the fuel injection control system of an internal combustion engine capable of using a liquid fuel and a gas fuel, when HC poisoning of the exhaust gas purification catalyst has occurred, HC poisoning is intended to be eliminated by causing the internal combustion engine to operate by the use of the gas fuel if the temperature of the exhaust gas purification catalyst is less than a specified value, whereas the elimination of HC poisoning is intended by causing the internal combustion engine to operate by the use of the liquid fuel if the temperature of an exhaust gas purification device is not less than the specified value.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to appropriately remove, from an exhaust gas, HC, CO, and ammonia flowing out from a filter (SCRF) on which an SCR catalyst is carried. In the present invention, a post-catalyst 8 is provided for an exhaust gas passage of an internal combustion engine on a downstream side from SCRF along with a flow of the exhaust gas. The post-catalyst 8 is constructed to include an adsorption reduction part 81c which adsorbs ammonia and which reduces NOx by using ammonia as a reducing agent, a first oxidation part 81b which oxidizes ammonia, and a second oxidation part 82 which oxidizes HO and CO.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to suppress HC, CO, and NOx from being discharged to the outside when a filter regeneration process is executed in an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine provided with a filter including an SCR catalyst carried thereon. In the present invention, a post-catalyst is provided for an exhaust gas passage disposed on a downstream side from the filter. The post-catalyst has an oxidizing function, and the post-catalyst has such a function that the production of N2 based on the oxidation of ammonia is facilitated in a predetermined first temperature area. Further, when the filter regeneration process is executed, the temperature of the post-catalyst is adjusted to be in the first temperature area while adjusting the temperature of the filter to be in a predetermined second temperature area lower than a filter regeneration temperature during a certain period of time.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst (20) having an oxygen storage function and an exhaust purification catalyst (22) are arranged in the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. During medium-load operation of the engine the degree of lean of the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (5) is increased so as to increase the oxygen storage amount of the three-way catalyst (20) to the maximum oxygen storage amount, and the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (5) even after the oxygen storage amount of the three-way catalyst (20) has reached the maximum oxygen, storage amount is maintained at lean, after which the air-fuel ratio is returned to rich, and at this time, as the amount of poisoning of a noble metal catalyst when the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (5) is rich increases, the amount of time for which the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (5) is maintained at lean is increased.

Abstract: An object is to provide an exhaust purifying system for an internal combustion engine having an NSR catalyst, which can inhibit emissions from being aggravated by blow-by of NOx. An exhaust purifying system for an internal combustion engine capable of a lean burn operation is provided. The exhaust purifying system includes: an NSR catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine; an SCR disposed downstream of the NSR catalyst; a NOx sensor disposed downstream of the SCR, the NOx sensor producing an output according to an NH3 concentration; and rich spike means for performing a rich spike. The rich spike means starts the rich spike at a predetermined timing during a lean burn operation and terminates the rich spike at a timing when the NOx sensor issues a predetermined output characteristic indicative of a rise in the NH3 concentration.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a portable information terminal comprises a display section having a resolution configured to display information; a storage section configured to store barcode data; and a control section configured to acquire the resolution of the display section, calculate the number of pixels in the longitudinal direction and the number of pixels in the lateral direction of a barcode to be displayed based on the acquired resolution, generate a barcode to be displayed based on the calculated number of pixels in the longitudinal direction and the number of pixels in the lateral direction, and then display the generated barcode on the display section.

Abstract: The NOx storage catalyst and the NOx selective reduction catalyst are arranged in the engine exhaust passage. In the engine low load operating region, a combustion is performed in the combustion chamber under a lean base air-fuel ratio and the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is made rich when NOx should be released from the NOx storage catalyst. In the engine medium load operating region, the base air-fuel ratio is made smaller, a degree of richness of the air-fuel ratio is made smaller, and a period in which the air-fuel ratio is made rich is made shorter so that an amount of ammonia which is produced per unit time when the air-fuel ratio is made rich falls compared with the time of engine low load operation.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst and an NOx adsorption catalyst are disposed in an engine exhaust passage. In a predetermined low-load engine operation area, combustion in a combustion chamber is carried out at a lean base air-fuel ratio and an air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is changed to a rich range at the time of discharging NOx from the NOx adsorption catalyst. In a predetermined high-load engine operation area, the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is controlled to a theoretical air-fuel ratio in a feedback manner. In a predetermined middle-load engine operation area, the combustion in the combustion chamber is carried out at the base air-fuel ratio lower than the base air-fuel ratio in the low-load engine operation area and the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is changed to the rich range with a period shorter than a rich period of the air-fuel ratio for discharging NOx in the low-load engine operation area.

Abstract: A vibration energy detection apparatus has a vibration power generator installed in an inspection object that converts vibration energy generated in the inspection object into power, an electric storage unit that stores generated power of the vibration power generator, a voltage monitor that monitors a storage voltage of the electric storage unit, a discharge controller that discharges electric storage energy of the electric storage unit when the storage voltage of the electric storage unit exceeds a predetermined storage voltage, and a vibration energy calculator that calculates the vibration energy generated in the inspection object based on the number of formation times of an electric storage state of the electric storage unit. The electric storage state is continuously or intermittently formed by the discharge by the discharge controller.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst is recovered from the sulfur poisoning more appropriately.

Abstract: In cases where at the upstream side of an NOx selective reduction catalyst there is provided another catalyst, sulfur poisoning of both the catalysts is recovered in an appropriate manner. To this end, provision is made for an NH3 generation catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine for generating NH3, the NOx selective reduction catalyst arranged in the exhaust passage at a location downstream of the NH3 generation catalyst for reducing NOx in a selective manner, an upstream side recovery unit to recover sulfur poisoning of the NH3 generation catalyst, and a downstream side recovery unit to recover sulfur poisoning of the NOx selective reduction catalyst after the sulfur poisoning of the NH3 generation catalyst has been recovered by the upstream side recovery unit.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor optical device includes the steps of preparing a mold having an imprint pattern; forming a substrate product including a semiconductor layer; forming a first resin layer on the semiconductor layer; forming a diffraction grating pattern having periodic projections and recesses in the first resin layer using the mold, the projection of the diffraction grating pattern having a top portion and a base portion; changing a duty ratio of the diffraction grating pattern by dry-etching the first resin layer; forming a second resin layer on the first resin layer so as to cover the projection and the recess; removing the top portion by etching back the first and second resin layers; and selectively etching the first resin layer so as to have a reverse pattern to the diffraction grating pattern; and etching the semiconductor layer through the first resin layer.

Abstract: It is intended to maintain the purification ability as a whole. For this purpose, an exhaust gas purification apparatus comprises a three-way catalyst; an NH3-producing catalyst; and a selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst; the catalysts being provided in this order at an exhaust gas passage; and the exhaust gas purification apparatus further comprising a control device which carries out rich spike for lowering an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas from a lean air-fuel ratio to a predetermined rich air-fuel ratio; wherein the control device lengthens an interval of the rich spike if a temperature of the three-way catalyst is lower than a threshold value as a lower limit value of a temperature of activation as compared with if the temperature of the three-way catalyst is not less than the threshold value.

Abstract: On an upper surface of a fixed substrate, a plurality of strap-shaped base electrodes are arranged in parallel to each other. On each of the base electrodes, an electret is formed. The electret has a width wider than the width of each base electrode, and the electret covers an exposed surface of the base electrode. A movable substrate is disposed in parallel to and facing the surface of the fixed substrate where the electrets and others are formed. The movable substrate is movable relatively to the fixed substrate. On a facing surface of the movable substrate, strip-shaped counter electrodes are each formed so as to face each base electrode.