Abstract: A moving picture coding and decoding apparatus performs inter-picture prediction with a plurality of reference pictures. In encoding, a first and a second predictive signal are respectively output by decimating pixels of a first and a second reference picture used for prediction. A predictive signal is subtracted from a coded picture signal to obtain a predictive residue signal. The predictive signal is formed by alternately selecting pixels not decimated of the first and the second predictive signals. The predictive residue signal is then encoded and output. In decoding, the coded predictive residue signal is decoded to reproduce the predictive residue signal. A third and a fourth predictive signals are output by decimating pixels of a third and a fourth reference picture used for prediction. Pixels not decimated of the third and the fourth predictive signals are alternately selected and added to the reproduced predictive residue signal to reproduce and output a picture signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crystal of (1R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(3S,5S)-5-sulfamoylaminomethyl-1-pyr rolidin-3-yl]thio-1-methyl-1-carba-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid represented by the following formula, a lyophilized preparation comprising the crystal, and a process for producing the same. The production process comprises the steps of freezing an aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned compound by cooling to -20.degree. C. or lower; warming the frozen solution to 0 to -10.degree. C.; and cooling and warming the frozen solution at least twice in a temperature range of 0 to -10.degree. C.

Abstract: A moving picture coding device comprises a plurality of coders for periodically performing, with respect to respective moving picture signals, a first coding and a second coding having a code amount of field or frame larger than that of the first coding, a multiplexer for multiplexing codes outputted from the coders and a coding controller for generating a control signal for preventing timing of the second coding performed by the coders from being overlapped. A variation of code amount of multiplexed codes is reduced and a delay time caused by a buffer for absorbing such variation is reduced.

Abstract: High speed image search data is obtained from compression-coded moving image data for each frame/field). The obtained data is divided into ranges based on positions on a picture, and the range is divided based on the amount of codes. The divided data is multiplexed for each position in the picture as data is recorded at different positions on a track and a specific number of different frames are recorded alternately in each track. The multiplexed high speed image search data is recorded at specific positions on a recording medium. The picture ranges of frames are synthesized based on high speed image search data read from the recording medium, to construct a search image in units of frame. Further, a special reproduction transfer rate is set based on a difference between the moving image data transfer rate and the maximum allowable recording transfer rate. Based on the set transfer rate, the special reproduction image data corresponding to the moving image data can be obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkali metal cyclopentadienylide is disclosed which comprises reacting in a solvent an alkali metal hydride with a disubstituted or trisubstituted 1,3-cyclopentadiene. Further, a process for producing a dihalobis(.eta.-substituted-cyclopentadienyl)zirconium is disclosed which comprises reacting a zirconium halide with the above alkali metal cyclopentadienylide. The former process enables performing the reaction between the disubstituted or trisubstituted 1,3-cyclopentadiene and the alkali metal hydride at an easily controllable temperature of room temperature to about 150.degree. C. and also enables obtaining the alkali metal cyclopentadienylide in high yield. The latter process enables obtaining the dihalobis(.eta.-substituted-cyclopentadienyl)zirconium in high yield.

Abstract: An inter-block predictive coding/decoding apparatus sequentially encodes/decodes blocks of a picture. A block distant from a coded block by a predetermined distance is independently coded. An interpolative predictive signal is produced from the coded block and the independently coded block with respect to each pixel of a block to be predicted that is interposed between the coded block and the independently coded block. The interpolative predictive signal is subtracted from each pixel signal of the block be predicted to obtain a predictive residual signal. The predictive residual signal is coded. A block distant from a decoded block by the predetermined distance is independently decoded. The decoded block is obtained by decoding the independently coded block and the coded predictive residual signal.

Abstract: A method of molding a hollow body to make the body nearly uniform in thickness around an internal opening thereof. A weir is provided in a central part of an opening portion of the mold cavity near an upstream side of the opening portion with respect to the direction of flow of a resin. Molten resin is injected into the cavity, and pressurized gas is thereafter injected into the molten resin in the cavity to make the internal opening in the resin. Since the weir is provided, the resin comes into uniform contact with the inner mold surface of the die at the opening portion as the resin flows into opening portion. The resin is uniformly cooled and solidified, starting with the inner surface and working inwardly, so that the hollow body is made nearly uniform in thickness around the internal opening.

Abstract: In a predictive coding apparatus, an interframe/interfield predictive signal is generated in which low frequency components are depressed. A predictive error signal is generated on the basis of an input video signal and the interframe/interfield predictive signal. The predictive error signal is then interframe/interfield-coded. In a predictive decoding apparatus, a code transmitted from the coding apparatus is interframe/interfield-decoded to obtain a decoded signal. An interframe/interfield predictive signal is generated in which low frequency components are depressed. The video signal is then reproduced by adding the decoded signal and the predictive signal.

Abstract: A predictive coding apparatus encodes an input video signal. A prediction error signal of the input video signal is generated by at least another video signal which is coded before or after the input video signal. The prediction error signal is translated into codes of a fixed length with a predetermined quantizing step width. Activity of the prediction error signal is detected and compared with a reference value which depends on the quantizing step width. The codes of the fixed length or predetermined codes of zero values are selected per pixel block in accordance with the comparison result, the selected codes being used as the coded other video signal. The selected codes are translated into codes of variable lengths which are outputted as a coded video signal.

Abstract: The disclosed code recording apparatus can record broadcasted interframe prediction-coded code trains on a storage medium in such a way that pictorial images of smooth motion can be reproduced from the storage medium during a high speed search. When the code trains of highly efficiently coded moving pictorial images are broadcasted, the prediction code trains prediction-coded between frames or fields are decoded by a decoding circuit to obtain reproduced images. The obtained reproduced images are coded independently in frame or field to form independent code trains decodable independently. Further, a part of the prediction code train is replaced with the independent code train obtained by the coding circuit using a code replacing circuit. The code trains thus obtained are recorded in the storage medium.

Abstract: A pattern matching rule for recognizing a weakly linked idiom is previously held in a pattern matching section. If a weakly linked idiom which is registered in the pattern matching rule and has separately placed portions is present in an input sentence, the pattern matching section recognizes the idiom. If the weakly linked idiom is recognized by the pattern matching section, the idiom is replaced by a series of symbolized pattern expressions in a replacing section. A sentence subjected to the replacement process in the replacing section is given to an analyzing section. The analyzing section treats the series of symbolized pattern expressions as one idiom and analyzes the sentence. As a result, the result of analysis in which the weakly linked idiom is adequately processed is obtained as an output of the analyzing section.

Abstract: In a predictive coding apparatus, an interframe/interfield predictive signal is generated in which low frequency components are depressed. A predictive error signal is generated on the basis of an input video signal and the interframe/interfield predictive signal. The predictive error signal is then interframe/interfield-coded. In a predictive decoding apparatus, a code transmitted from the coding apparatus is interframe/interfield-decoded to obtain a decoded signal. An interframe/interfield predictive signal is generated in which low frequency components are depressed. The video signal is then reproduced by adding the decoded signal and the predictive signal.

Abstract: A video signal is coded by intraframe coding. The coded video signal is then decoded by intraframe/field decoding. A decoded local video signal is generated, which corresponds to a specific region in one frame of a video signal coded one frame prior to the video signal. A first motion signal is generated, which indicates motion of pictures in both the decoded video signal and the decoded local video signal. The motion signal is then subtracted from the video signal to generate a predictive error signal which is then coded by intraframe coding. The coded video signal and the coded predictive error signal are decoded by intraframe/field-decoding. A second motion signal is generated, which indicates motion of pictures in both the decoded video signal and a video signal decoded one frame prior to a video signal to be reproduced. The decoded predictive error signal and the second motion signal are added to each other to reproduce the video signal.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus has an encoder for encoding low-resolution image information as priority image information in hierarchical encoding, another encoder for encoding non-priority image information other than the priority image information, a first code quantity controller for controlling a sum total of the generated code quantities of both the priority image information and the non-priority image information within a predetermined value and a code quantity limiter for limiting the generated code quantity of the priority image information within a predetermined ratio to the sum total code quantity.

Abstract: An image data editing apparatus edits image data coded based on inter-image prediction. Outputted are number data for specifying image data read from a recording medium and edition point data indicative of edition points of the read image data. The image data is read from the recording medium based on the number data. The image data is separated into inter-image prediction method data and prediction residual data. Discontinuity of the image data is discriminated based on the edition point data to change the inter-image prediction extending over before and after the edition points into an inter-image prediction to be conducted within two of the edition points, and outputting changed inter-image prediction method data. The changed inter-image prediction method data and the prediction residual data are multiplexed. An image data decoding apparatus decodes image data coded based on inter-image prediction.

Abstract: A variable transfer rate control coding apparatus which can distribute codes of an amount most suitable to the contents of a moving picture to be recorded and to a recording medium, on which information is recorded by this transfer rate coding apparatus, by obtaining an amount of codes to be temporarily generated in each unit period of time by a temporary or tentative coding, and then storing a temporary transfer rate (namely, a value of the temporary amount of codes to be generated in each unit period of time), and setting a target transfer rate (namely, a target value of an amount) of codes to be sent in each unit period of time from a total of the temporary transfer rates and the recordable capacity of the recording medium and next performing an actual or real coding according to the target transfer rates.

Abstract: A hierarchical encoding/decoding apparatus corresponds to imaging systems having mutually different resolutions. The apparatus constitutes an entire band width apparatus by using two encoding/decoding devices each for a low band width processing. In the low band width, the apparatus sub-samples a signal only in a vertical direction, while the apparatus sub-samples the signal only in a horizontal direction in a high band width. Accordingly, since sampling numbers are the same each other both in the low and high band widths, a processing amount in the high band width becomes similar to a processing amount in the low band width.

Abstract: A coding apparatus which codes moving image signals into block units, is configured from a signal processing element which performs motion compensation for moving image signals for over a plural number of frames or fields and codes inter-image signals, and a transfer element which recombines coded information for each block coded by said processing element, into macroblock units which are a plural number of block units of each type of coded information, and transfers them.

Abstract: A video data editor edits video data which has been predictive-coded between pictures. An editing controller outputs number data for specifying video data to be read from a recording medium and editing point data indicative of editing points of the video data to be read. The video the outputted number data. The read video data is decoded to obtain reproduced pictures. The reproduced pictures are coded to obtain re-coded video data. Before and after the editing points, original coded video data is switched to the re-coded video data on the basis of the editing point data. In stead of the editing point data, video processing control data indicative of types of video processing for editing can be used. With the video processing control data, when judged that the video processing is proceeding, original coded video data is switched to the re-coded video data, before, during and after the video processing.

Abstract: A coding apparatus which codes moving image signals into block units, is configured from a signal processing element which performs motion compensation for moving image signals for over a plural number of frames or fields and codes inter-image signals, and a transfer element which recombines coded information for each block coded by said processing element, into macroblock units which are a plural number of block units of each type of coded information, and transfers them.