Abstract: A signal transmitting apparatus using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing includes an inverse fast Fourier transform circuit for converting a digital information signal into a first multi-value QAM modulation signal. A guard interval setting circuit is operative for periodically generating a guard interval signal equal to a time segment of the first multi-value QAM modulation signal, and inserting the guard interval signal into the first multi-value QAM modulation signal to convert the first multi-value QAM modulation signal into a second multi-value QAM modulation signal. A clock signal generating circuit is operative for generating a first clock signal which drives the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit, and generating a second clock signal which drive the guard interval setting circuit. The inverse fast Fourier transform circuit is operative for generating a pilot signal which corresponds to a given-order carrier, and adding the pilot signal to the first multi-value QAM modulation signal.

Abstract: Image signals are orthogonal-transformed (DCTed) in mutually different dimensions (DMs) to obtain transform coefficients (TC) for each DM, which are then compared mutually to select TC of one DM based on the comparison. Or else, such TC of one DM are selected based on the image signals in a specific DM and the selected TC are quantized and variable-length coded to output coded signals. In another way, prediction error (PE) signals obtained by predictive coding (PC) are DCTed in mutually different DMs to obtain TC for each DM; the TC of one DM are selected based on the PE signals in a specific DM, and then quantized and coded. Or else, the TC obtained for each DM are quantized and then compared mutually. The quantized signals of one DM are selected based on the comparison and then coded. Or else, the TC obtained for each DM are quantized and coded, and coded signals of one DM are selected based on the comparison.

Abstract: A predictive coding apparatus encodes an input video signal. A prediction error signal of the input video signal is generated by at least another video signal which is coded before or after the input video signal. The prediction error signal is translated into codes of a fixed length with a predetermined quantizing step width. Activity of the prediction error signal is detected and compared with a reference value which depends on the quantizing step width. The codes of the fixed length or predetermined codes of zero values are selected per pixel block in accordance with the comparison result, the selected codes being used as the coded other video signal. The selected codes are translated into codes of variable lengths which are outputted as a coded video signal.

Abstract: In an apparatus for recording and transmitting audio and/or video data, a high efficiency coding apparatus digitalizes input signals on the basis of a lesser amount of data by use of transform coding. In the transform coding of audio and/or video signals, a plurality of quantizers slightly different from each other for transform coefficients are provided. The quantized results are inversely transformed by IDCTs to obtain respective reproduced signals. The obtained reproduced signals are compared with input signals by subtracters for error evaluation. The optimum quantization results are selected by a code selector. It is thus possible to execute accurate quantization.

Abstract: High speed image search data is obtained from compression-coded moving image data for each frame/field). The obtained data is divided into ranges based on positions on a picture, and the range is divided based on the amount of codes. The divided data is multiplexed for each position in the picture as data is recorded at different positions on a track and a specific number of different frames are recorded alternately in each track. The multiplexed high speed image search data is recorded at specific positions on a recording medium. The picture ranges of frames are synthesized based on high speed image search data read from the recording medium, to construct a search image in units of frame. Further, a special reproduction transfer rate is set based on a difference between the moving image data transfer rate and the maximum allowable recording transfer rate. Based on the set transfer rate, the special reproduction image data corresponding to the moving image data can be obtained.

Abstract: A signal transmitting apparatus using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing includes an inverse fast Fourier transform circuit for converting a digital information signal into a first multi-value QAM modulation signal. A guard interval setting circuit is operative for periodically generating a guard interval signal equal to a time segment of the first multi-value QAM modulation signal, and inserting the guard interval signal into the first multi-value QAM modulation signal to convert the first multi-value QAM modulation signal into a second multi-value QAM modulation signal. A clock signal generating circuit is operative for generating a first clock signal which drives the inverse fast Fourier transform circuit, and generating a second dock signal which drives the guard interval setting circuit. The inverse fast Fourier transform circuit includes a device for generating a pilot signal which corresponds to a given-order carrier, and adding the pilot signal to the first multi-value QAM modulation signal.

Abstract: An scanning line interpolating apparatus generates interpolation signals when scanning lines are not included in video signals are formed by interpolation, by adaptively mixing intra-picture interpolation signals formed with upper and lower scanning lines apart from scanning lines to be interpolated and inter-picture interpolation signals formed with pictures before and after the scanning lines to be interpolated. Inter-picture matching signals are obtained between the pictures and used to generate the inter-picture interpolation signals. Low frequency component difference signals are obtained between the intra-/inter-picture interpolation signals. In-and-out matching signals are obtained by obtaining an absolute value of or by squaring the difference signals. An adaptive mixture ratio is varied between the intra-/inter-picture interpolation signals with a signal obtained by adding the matching signals.

Abstract: A coding apparatus codes signals of a plurality of sorts, multiplexes the coded signals, and records the coded and multiplexed signals on a disklike recording medium. A reproducing apparatus reproduces the recorded signals from the disklike recording medium. The signals to be recorded are separated hierarchically into priority signals to be reproduced preferentially and non-priority signals other than the priority signals, and the separated signals are coded respectively. Whenever the code quantity of the coded signals reaches a predetermined code quantity determined for each track on the recording medium, the coded priority signals and the coded non-priority signals are switched and then outputted. These outputted signals are recorded on a disklike recording medium having roughly a constant recording density in the track direction. Further, the sorts of the signals are switched at predetermined rotational angles of the disklike recording medium.

Abstract: A video signal is coded by intraframe coding. The coded video signal is then decoded by intraframe/field decoding. A decoded local video signal is generated, which corresponds to a specific region in one frame of a video signal coded one frame prior to the video signal. A first motion signal is generated, which indicates motion of pictures in both the decoded video signal and the decoded local video signal. The motion signal is then subtracted from the video signal to generate a predictive error signal which is then coded by intraframe coding. The coded video signal and the coded predictive error signal are decoded by intraframe/field-decoding. A second motion signal is generated, which indicates motion of pictures in both the decoded video signal and a video signal decoded one frame prior to a video signal to be reproduced. The decoded predictive error signal and the second motion signal are added to each other to reproduce the video signal.

Abstract: There is a signal representing an original image. A device generates a signal representing a predicted image original image. A subtracter derives a difference between the original-image signal and the predicted-image signal, and outputs the derived difference as a prediction error signal. The prediction error signal is transformed into a transform-resultant signal. The transform-resultant signal is quantized with quantization characteristics. An activity of the original image is derived from the original-image sign. An activity is derived from the prediction error signal. The quantization characteristics are controlled in response to both the original-image activity and the prediction-error activity.

Abstract: An image processing memory integrated circuit used for a signal processing circuit is disclosed. In the bidirectional prediction, pixel values for two-frame images are stored in a memory cell array. The stored pixel values are read on the basis of address of two-dimensional block. The read pixel values of the two images in the block are added by an adder at an appropriate ratio. The resulting inter-image prediction signal and the interpolation signals are outputted to the outside. In the unidirectional prediction, pixel values for one-frame images are stored in a memory cell array. From the memory cell array, pixel values of two-dimensional block expanded from the above-mentioned block are read. The read pixel value is adaptively added to the pixel value delayed by a predetermined number of pixel from the read pixel value through an adder at an appropriate ratio.

Abstract: A video signal is coded by intraframe coding. The coded video signal is then decoded by intraframe/field decoding. A decoded local video signal is generated which corresponds to a specific region in one frame of a video signal coded one frame prior to the video signal. A first motion signal is generated which indicates motion of pictures in both the decoded video signal and the decoded local video signal. The motion signal is then subtracted from the video signal to generate a predictive error signal which is then coded by intraframe coding. The coded video signal and the coded predictive error signal are decoded by intraframe/field-decoding. A second motion signal is generated which indicates motion of pictures in both the decoded video signal and a video signal decoded one frame prior to a video signal to be reproduced. The decoded predictive error signal and the second motion signal are added to each other to reproduce the video signal.

Abstract: Image signals are orthogonal-transformed (DCTed) in mutually different dimensions (DMs) to obtain transform coefficients (TC) for each DM, which are then compared mutually to select TC of one DM based on the comparison. Or else, such TC of one DM are selected based on the image signals in a specific DM and the selected TC are quantized and variable-length coded to output coded signals. In another way, prediction error (PE) signals obtained by predictive coding (PC) are DCTed in mutually different DMs to obtain TC for each DM; the TC of one DM are selected based on the PE signals in a specific DM, and then quantized and coded. Or else, the TC obtained for each DM are quantized and then compared mutually. The quantized signals of one DM are selected based on the comparison and then coded. Or else, the TC obtained for each DM are quantized and coded, and coded signals of one DM are selected based on the comparison.

Abstract: Image signals are orthogonal-transformed (DCTed) in mutually different dimensions (DMs) to obtain transform coefficients (TC) for each DM, which are then compared mutually to select TC of one DM based on the comparison. Or else, such TC of one DM are selected based on the image signals in a specific DM and the selected TC are quantized and variable-length coded to output coded signals. In another way, prediction error (PE) signals obtained by predictive coding (PC) are DCTed in mutually different DMs to obtain TC for each DM; the TC of one DM are selected based on the PE signals in a specific DM, and then quantized and coded. Or else, the TC obtained for each DM are quantized and then compared mutually. The quantized signals of one DM are selected based on the comparison and then coded. Or else, the TC obtained for each DM are quantized and coded, and coded signals of one DM are selected based on the comparison.

Abstract: A motion compensation apparatus for receiving information on motion vectors and for performing a motion compensation of dynamic image signals with a precision equal to or finer than one pixel. The information on motion vectors has been estimated from a reference field or frame represented by a reference field signal or a reference frame signal and from other fields or other frames represented by other field signals or frame signals.

Abstract: Efficient coding decoding apparatuses are permitted to easily carrying out, without degradation of the picture quality, random access, high speed search or image editing necessary in media of the storage system in a processing system for recording, transmitting, and displaying a digital signal, and to efficiently encode/decode an image signal with a lesser quantity of codes. An original image signal from a terminal (1) is coded by an orthogonal transformer (4) and a quantizer (36). A subtracter (33) subtracts, from the original image signal, a reproduced image signal obtained by an inverse quantizer (7) and an inverse orthogonal transformer (10) to provide a negative error signal. An adder (30) adds a negative error signal delayed by one frame and multiplied by a predetermined coefficient (Ke) at a multiplier (34) and the original image signal.

Abstract: A mold for hollow injection molding has an inlet for admitting a fluid into the molten resin when injected to form an interior hollow in the molded product. The inlet is opened and closed by retraction and advancement of a movable pin having at least a portion to fill the inlet and close it. When the inlet is closed, while the resin is being injected, the pin has a portion which projects out of the inlet into the space where the resin is injected. When the inlet is opened, the retraction of the pin leaves a short passageway in the injected resin leading from the fluid inlet for flow thereinto of the hollow-forming fluid. Preferably, the pin is stepped with an inlet-closing large rear portion and a smaller projecting forward portion which is located in and has an annular clearance with the inlet when it is open. The pin may be detachably connected to a movable plunger, operated by fluid or spring pressure, to enable replacement by pins of different lengths, sizes, etc.

Abstract: A video signal having a group of frames of successive dependent frames and an independent frame following the dependent frames is coded per group of frames, by interframe and intraframe coding, and a data amount of the group is controlled by feedback and feed forward control. A quantization step number for the dependent frames is changed based on a total data amount of the group and a data amount of the dependent frames for the feedback control. A temporary quantization number of the independent frame is determined for the feed forward control. A data amount predictive value for each block in the independent frame is determined by an activity of an image in each block and the temporary number of quantization steps. The predictive value is subtracted from the total data amount. A subtraction result for each block is accumulated to output a positive compensation amount if the result is a positive amount and a negative compensation amount if the result is a negative amount.

Abstract: In an inter-frame predictive encoding system, reference frames are set. The reference frames are separated at equal intervals. The reference frames are selected from successively inputted frames of a video signal. Each of the reference frames is encoded. A prediction signal for a dependent frame between the reference frames is generated on the basis of a signal of the reference frames which precedes and follows the dependent frame respectively. A signal of the dependent frame is generated on the basis of the prediction signal corresponding thereto. An error of the predicting of the signal of the dependent frame is encoded. .Iadd.A complementary decoding system reconstructs the video signal from the encoded reference frames and the encoded error. .Iaddend.

Abstract: An adaptive predictive encoding apparatus for encoding a video signal by utilizing correlation between frames in both the forward and reverse directions of the time axis. A prediction signal for use in deriving prediction error values to be encoded for a frame is selected by an adaptive prediction section, in units of blocks, from a plurality of mutually differently derived prediction signals, in accordance with the degree of correlation of the block with corresponding ones of a specific preceding independently encoded frame and a specific succeeding independently encoded frame. .Iadd.A complementary adaptive decoding apparatus receives the encoded information and reconstructs the video signal in accordance with information supplied to the adaptive decoding apparatus by the encoding signal. .Iaddend.