Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a substrate, a light-emitting element, and a resin material. The light-emitting element is disposed on the substrate. The resin material is made of a translucent thermosetting resin disposed at a peripheral area of the light-emitting element. The resin material has a plurality of closed spaces, and each of the plurality of closed spaces holds a resin body.

Abstract: A first converter circuit converts a state signal, whose level is constant or slowly varies during a predetermine period of time, into a pulse signal to allow the signal to propagate across an electrically insulating area. A second converter circuit converts the pulse signal, which has propagated through an insulating circuit, into the original state signal or a signal having the same characteristics as the original state signal.

Abstract: A first converter circuit converts a state signal, whose level is constant or slowly varies during a predetermine period of time, into a pulse signal to allow the signal to propagate across an electrically insulating area. A second converter circuit converts the pulse signal, which has propagated through an insulating circuit, into the original state signal or a signal having the same characteristics as the original state signal.

Abstract: A first converter circuit converts a state signal, whose level is constant or slowly varies during a predetermine period of time, into a pulse signal to allow the signal to propagate across an electrically insulating area. A second converter circuit converts the pulse signal, which has propagated through an insulating circuit, into the original state signal or a signal having the same characteristics as the original state signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises an embedded insulation layer 101 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100, plural power semiconductor elements 2, 3 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100 on the embedded insulation layer, a trench 4 formed on the semiconductor substrate and isolating between the power semiconductor elements, and an isolator 5 insulating and driving control electrodes of the power semiconductor elements, and the power semiconductor elements 2, 3 such as transistors can be used, being connected each other in series.

Abstract: A first converter circuit converts a state signal, whose level is constant or slowly varies during a predetermine period of time, into a pulse signal to allow the signal to propagate across an electrically insulating area. A second converter circuit converts the pulse signal, which has propagated through an insulating circuit, into the original state signal or a signal having the same characteristics as the original state signal.

Abstract: A first converter circuit converts a state signal, whose level is constant or slowly varies during a predetermine period of time, into a pulse signal to allow the signal to propagate across an electrically insulating area. A second converter circuit converts the pulse signal, which has propagated through an insulating circuit, into the original state signal or a signal having the same characteristics as the original state signal.

Abstract: A first converter circuit converts a state signal, whose level is constant or slowly varies during a predetermine period of time, into a pulse signal to allow the signal to propagate across an electrically insulating area. A second converter circuit converts the pulse signal, which has propagated through an insulating circuit, into the original state signal or a signal having the same characteristics as the original state signal.

Abstract: An antenna unit for sending out electromagnetic waves of a millimetric-wave band to outside and receiving the wave reflected from a target, and circuits for signal-processing the reflected wave are equipped as a vehicular millimetric-wave radar device. Antenna patterns are formed on a surface of a multilayer base plate formed of plural stacked layers of dielectric plates and an electroconductive layer interposed between each layer. Circuit wiring patterns and electronic components for signal processing of millimetric waves are disposed on the reverse side. Among all the above-mentioned electronic components, only a millimetric-wave signal oscillator, amplifier, and frequency converter are haused in a hermetically sealed section formed in a localized space on a face of the multilayer base plate. The other electronic components are arranged in a non-hermetically structured condition on a periphery of the hermetically sealed section.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises an embedded insulation layer 101 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100, plural power semiconductor elements 2, 3 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100 on the embedded insulation layer, a trench 4 formed on the semiconductor substrate and isolating between the power semiconductor elements, and an isolator 5 insulating and driving control electrodes of the power semiconductor elements, and the power semiconductor elements 2, 3 such as transistors can be used, being connected each other in series.

Abstract: A heating device is capable of efficiently heat a heated body as heating object. The heating device includes a heating body, a power source for supplying a current to the heating body, a current control element controlling current flowing through the heating body, and a heat conductive body to be thermally coupled with the heating body and the current control element for transmitting heat generated by the heating body and heat generated by the current control element to a heating object.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injector is provided with a first coil having a large rate of change in time of magnetomotive force and a second coil having a smaller rate of change in time of magnetomotive force than the first coil. During a valve opening operation at the time of opening the valve, current is passed through at least the first coil, and then current of a smaller current value than in the opening operation is caused to flow so as to hold the valve open, using the first and second coils.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises an embedded insulation layer 101 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100, plural power semiconductor elements 2, 3 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100 on the embedded insulation layer, a trench 4 formed on the semiconductor substrate and isolating between the power semiconductor elements, and an isolator 5 insulating and driving control electrodes of the power semiconductor elements, and the power semiconductor elements 2, 3 such as transistors can be used, being connected each other in series.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus including a controller to output an injection time command signal and an opening movement time command signal to command an opening movement time from a closed state to an open state of an electromagnetic fuel injection valve and a control circuit, coupled to the controller, to change an electric current flowing in a coil of the electromagnetic fuel injection valve between when the electromagnetic fuel injection valve is closed and opened. The controller sends both the injection time command signal and the opening movement time command signal through the same signal line to the control circuit.

Abstract: In order to ensures a stable reduction of noise level at all times, in the steps of switching input voltage with a switching element 10, smoothing the voltage of rectangular wave obtained by switching with a reactor L and capacitor Cf and outputting it, the voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage is compared with the sawtooth wave output from a sawtooth wave generator 14 by a comparator 12. When the switching signal in response to the result of this comparison is applied to the switching element 10, the counter 16 is actuated synchronously with the vertex of the sawtooth wave to perform opening/closing operation of the switch SW1. The time constant of the time constant circuit comprising a R0 and C is adjusted according to whether a resistor R1 is present or not, and the signals of frequencies f1 and f2 coming out of the sawtooth wave generator 14 are sequentially switched to be sent to the comparator 12.

Abstract: A first converter circuit converts a state signal, whose level is constant or slowly varies during a predetermine period of time, into a pulse signal to allow the signal to propagate across an electrically insulating area. A second converter circuit converts the pulse signal, which has propagated through an insulating circuit, into the original state signal or a signal having the same characteristics as the original state signal.

Abstract: Using a control coil having a high response characteristic suited to the valve opening and a hold coil suited to a hold to be held a large force by a small large current, during the valve opening time a high voltage is applied to the control coil suited to the valve opening and during a valve opening hold time a low and stabilized voltage is applied to the hold coil suite to the holding, and then a valve body driven. In a fuel injection apparatus, a drive manner during a valve opening time and a hold time is optimized.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve in an engine injects fuel by opening/closing a fuel flowing path with a valve element. A controller controls opening/closing of the fuel flowing path and changes magnetic force generated by a control coil driving the valve element so that the magnetic force is less during a valve open state-holding period than at an initial valve-opening time. The controller detects the voltage of a battery and applies the voltage fed from the battery to the control coil, while changing a time interval (Tc), for which current is passed through the control coil, based on the detected voltage, in order to change the magnetic force, without raising the voltage from the battery. The controller also detects increase/decrease of a pressing force on the valve element caused by fuel pressure and changes the time interval (Tc) accordingly.

Abstract: In order to ensures a stable reduction of noise level at all times, in the steps of switching input voltage with a switching element 10, smoothing the voltage of rectangular wave obtained by switching with a reactor L and capacitor Cf and outputting it, the voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage is compared with the sawtooth wave output from a sawtooth wave generator 14 by a comparator 12. When the switching signal in response to the result of this comparison is applied to the switching element 10, the counter 16 is actuated synchronously with the vertex of the sawtooth wave to perform opening/closing operation of the switch SW1. The time constant of the time constant circuit comprising a R0 and C is adjusted according to whether a resistor R1 is present or not, and the signals of frequencies f1 and f2 coming out of the sawtooth wave generator 14 are sequentially switched to be sent to the comparator 12.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises an embedded insulation layer 101 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100, plural power semiconductor elements 2, 3 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100 on the embedded insulation layer, a trench 4 formed on the semiconductor substrate and isolating between the power semiconductor elements, and an isolator 5 insulating and driving control electrodes of the power semiconductor elements, and the power semiconductor elements 2, 3 such as transistors can be used, being connected each other in series.