Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve in an engine injects fuel by opening/closing a fuel flowing path with a valve element. A controller controls opening/closing of the fuel flowing path and changes magnetic force generated by a control coil driving the valve element so that the magnetic force is less during a valve open state-holding period than at an initial valve-opening time. The controller detects the voltage of a battery and applies the voltage fed from the battery to the control coil, while changing a time interval (Tc), for which current is passed through the control coil, based on the detected voltage, in order to change the magnetic force, without raising the voltage from the battery. The controller also detects increase/decrease of a pressing force on the valve element caused by fuel pressure and changes the time interval (Tc) accordingly.

Abstract: A heating device is capable of efficiently heat a heated body as heating object. The heating device includes a heating body, a power source for supplying a current to the heating body, a current control element controlling current flowing through the heating body, and a heat conductive body to be thermally coupled with the heating body and the current control element for transmitting heat generated by the heating body and heat generated by the current control element to a heating object.

Abstract: Using a control coil having a high response characteristic suited to the valve opening and a hold coil suited to a hold to be held a large force by a small large current, during the valve opening time a high voltage is applied to the control coil suited to the valve opening and during a valve opening hold time a low and stabilized voltage is applied to the hold coil suite to the holding, and then a valve body driven. In a fuel injection apparatus, a drive manner during a valve opening time and a hold time is optimized.

Abstract: Using a control coil having a high response characteristic suited to valve opening and a hold coil suited to a hold to valve open during fuel injection using a small current, during the valve opening time, a high voltage is applied to the control coil suited to the valve opening operation and, during the time the valve is to be held open a low and stabilized voltage is applied to the hold coil. In a fuel injection apparatus, drive manner employed during a valve opening time and a valve hold time is optimized.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic fuel injection valve for injecting fuel by opening/closing a fuel flowing path, including a valve seat, a valve element for opening/closing the fuel flowing path formed between the valve seat and the valve element, and a drive unit having at least one coil, for driving the valve element. The drive unit includes a first magnetomotive force generating device using the at least one coil and a second magnetomotive force generating device, the first magnetomotive force generating device and the second magnetomotive force generating device being composed so that the first magnetomotive force generating device generates and raises magnetomotive force at a larger rate of change in time in comparison with the second magnetomotive force generating device. A valve opening hold state is held by the second magnetomotive force generating device which uses a smaller current flow in comparison with the first magnetomotive force generating device.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve for injecting fuel by opening/closing a fuel flow path, includes a valve seat, a valve element for opening/closing the fuel flow path formed between the valve seat and the valve element, and a drive unit having at least one coil for driving the valve element. The drive unit includes a first magnetomotive force generating device using the at least one coil and a second magnetomotive force generating device, the first magnetomotive force generating device and the second magnetomotive force generating device being composed so that the first magnetomotive force generating device generates and raises its magnetomotive force at a larger rate of change in time in comparison with the second magnetomotive force generating device. A valve open state is held by the second magnetomotive force generating device which uses a smaller current flow in comparison with the first magnetomotive force generating device.

Abstract: A control unit having at least one microprocessor for receiving input data signals from sensors indicative of operating parameters of the at least one system, and for generating first control signals to control operation of said at least one system in response to said input data signals. At least one input/output unit is coupled to receive the input data signals from the sensors in a parallel transmission format and to transmit output control signals to the systems in a parallel transmission format. A backup logic system provides backup control signals when transmission of the control signal is interrupted.

Abstract: The work for connecting a wiring harness in assembling an engine, especially, in assembling components in an engine compartment, is simplified by connecting a wiring harness for transmitting electric signals at the same time the components are assembled. A member of a connector connected to a first harness is mounted on a jointing and attaching surface of an air suction pipe and the other member of the connector connected to a second harness is mounted on a jointing and attaching surface of a throttle body so that the connector members are joined and connected to each other at the same time when the air suction pipe and throttle body are joined and secured to each other. Thereby, the harness necessary for transmitting signals is connected at the time of assembly of the parts.

Abstract: A multi-color image forming apparatus which comprises a rotatably supported photoreceptor drum movable sequentially past a first charging station at which the photoreceptor drum is electrostatically charged; a first exposure station at which a first electrostatic latent image is formed on the photoreceptor drum; a first developing station at which a first developing unit is disposed for developing the first electrostatic latent image into a toner image with a first toner material; a second charging station at which the photoreceptor drum is again electrostatically charged; a second exposure station at which a second electrostatic latent image is formed on the photoreceptor drum; a second developing station at which a second developing unit is disposed for developing the second electrostatic latent image into a toner image with a second toner material; a transfer station at which the toner image is transferred onto a recording medium; and a cleaning station.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which develops two latent images formed on a photoreceptor with developing agents respectively containing first and second toners of different colors, and is so constructed that, a clear image is obtained by processing mixed-color separation to restrain the mixed-color as much as possible, in response to respective consumptions of a first toner and a second toner, or every time a fixed amount of first toner is consumed, and further, in response to the amount of first toner mixed into a second developing agent detected when a fixed amount of first toner is consumed.

Abstract: An ignition timing control system for an engine provides a counter-measure for an abnormal condition of a signal.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying process produces a photocopy having a negative image in order to highlight information in a specified area. An original image is radiated onto a photosensitive medium to form a first image. A solid block is formed in the specified area of the first image. The first image is then transferred to blank paper. The original image is then radiated onto the photosensitive medium again and a portion of the image is erased in order to form a second image. The second image is then transferred to the sheet of paper having the first image. The resulting image formed on the sheet of paper includes a highlighted second image formed in the specified area.

Abstract: An engine control system comprises a crank angle sensor for generating reference signals, each outputted at a first predetermined rotational angle interval of the engine and position signals for controlling the ignition timing, an angle ignition signal generator for generating an angle ignition signal on the basis of the reference signal and the position signal, a clock signal generator for generating clock signals with a constant time period, a time ignition signal generator for generating a time ignition signal on the basis of the reference signal and the clock signal, abnormality detector for detecting abnormality in the position signals and outputting selecting means for selecting to output the angle ignition signals in a normal state and the time ignition signals when the abnormality in the position signals is detected, whereby the ignition timing is controlled in both normal and abnormal states of the position signal.

Abstract: By utilizing an electrophotographic image forming process, a reversal image can be obtained in the following manner:charging a photosensitive member;forming an electrostatic latent image in a charged surface of the photosensitive member;developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive member by using white toner;charging the photosensitive member again;developing the surface of the photosensitive member by using other toner different in color from the white toner; andtransferring the toner image formed on the photosensitive member onto a paper sheet.

Abstract: An image editing method utilizing an electrophotographic process, which method includes a first charging step of charging a photosensitive medium; a step of projecting an image onto the charged photosensitive medium to form an electrostatic latent image; a first developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image into a first powder image by the use of a first toner material having the same polarity as the charged polarity; a first transferring step of transferring the powder image onto a copying paper; a second charging step of again charging the photosensitive medium to a polarity the same as that of the charge established during the first charging step; a step of radiating rays of light to the charged photosensitive medium to remove the electrostatic charge at a specificed area of the photosensitive medium; a second developing step of developing the specified area of the photosensitive medium by the use of a second toner material different in color from the first toner material to form a second po

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a rotatable electrostatic latent image support member, a corona charger, an exposure device, a first developing device confronting the support member and having an effective developing width for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the support member, a second developing device confronting the support member upstream of the first developing device in a rotational direction of the support member and having an effective developing width for developing, on the support member, not only a first area not to be developed by the first developing device but a second area for forming the electrostatic latent image, a device for forming, in the first area, a reference latent image for detecting a density of the image, a detection device for detecting a density of a reference toner image obtained by developing the reference latent image by the second developing device and a control device for controlling, on the basis of a detection signal from the detection device, the

Abstract: A cleaning device comprising a cleaning web with a concave-convex pattern. The concave-convex pattern is constituted by a plurality of concave or convex portions arranged in cross stripe manner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for use in an electrophotographic copying process and an image forming method for the apparatus, which are arranged to reproduce an image portion of an original document by a black developing material on a white paper sheet when an area of the image portion of the original document is below a predetermined level, and also, reproducing a background portion of the image by a white developing material on a black paper sheet when the area of the image portion of the original document is above the predetermined level, and thus, the black developing material or white developing material is selectively used according to percentages of image areas on the original document.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method, using an electrophotographic system, including a first process of transferring the image of an original document to a copy sheet and a second process of transferring a half-tone solid on a specified region of the image on the copy sheet transferred at the first process. Accordingly, for example, when a copy sheet is white, a black toner is used in the first image forming process, and a white toner is used in the second image forming process, a white half-tone solid of the white toner is superimposed on the black toner image. As a result, the black toner image formed on the specified region looks soft half-tone.

Abstract: A main computer which furnishes main engine control signals to initiate a predetermined operation of an internal combustion engine, outputs a monitoring signal whose state changes between a high and a low levels at predetermined intervals. The monitoring signal is watched by a main computer monitor, which maintains its output at a high level during repetition of the change of state in the monitoring signal and, in absence of the change of state in the monitoring signal, changes the state of its output between the high and a low levels at intervals longer than that of the monitoring signal. A backup computer which furnishes auxiliary engine control signals to initiate the minimum operational condition of the engine, monitors the output of the main computer monitor to detect a malfunction or abnormal operation of the main computer.