Abstract: Provided are a thermoplastic resin shaped-article in which vacancies with satisfactory light emission efficiency are formed, and a thermoplastic resin light guide that uses the thermoplastic resin shaped-article. Pulse laser irradiation is performed in a state in which the pulse laser is focused to an inner region of a primary thermoplastic resin shaped-article, thereby forming cracks at the inner side of the primary thermoplastic resin shaped-article. Then, a heat treatment is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of a thermoplastic resin that constitutes the primary thermoplastic resin shaped-article, thereby obtaining a thermoplastic resin shaped-article 20 in which substantially spherical vacancies 244 having minimum diameter of 30 ?m or more are formed only at the inner region distant from a surface thereof by 10 ?m or more.

Abstract: A head-up display system includes an image-forming and projection device, a combiner, a housing, and a lid body. The lid body includes at least a first divided lid body and a second divided lid body which engage with each other at the time of covering an opening of the housing. The first divided lid body includes an optical path regulator that regulates an optical path of projection light of a display image projected from the image-forming and projection device in use of the combiner onto an inner side of the housing, and allows projection light, which is necessary for formation of the virtual image of the display image in the projection light of the display image, to pass through the optical path regulator. The second divided lid body includes a covering member that covers the optical path regulator at the time of covering the opening.

Abstract: A resin composition for a light guide article-preform is described, which enables the formation of a foamed layer having a large light scattering effect on the surface of a shaped article by laser irradiation processing at low cost. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a resin composition for a light guide article-preform, which contains a resin having a mass average molecular weight of 60,000 to 150,000, and has a 30% thermal mass reduction temperature of 310° C. or lower and a difference between a 40% thermal mass reduction temperature and a 20% thermal mass reduction temperature of 7° C. or less when a thermal mass measurement is performed with starting from the state at 100° C. under air at a temperature rising rate of 5° C./min.

Abstract: Provided is a plate-type light guide (4) in which two opposing main surfaces are set as light emitting surfaces (6A, 6B) and at least one side-edge surface is set as a light incidence surface (5). In such a light guide, a light emitting mechanism (6) is provided in at least one region of at least one main surface; the haze value is 3% or lower in the region where the light emitting mechanism is provided; when a perfect diffuse light enters through at least one light incidence surface (5), a maximum emission angle (?A, ?B), at which maximizes the intensity of emitted light (8) from the main surface is in a range from ?60 degrees to +60 degrees with respect to a normal line to the main surface; and the utilization efficiency of emitted light is 15% or greater.

Abstract: The present application provides a synthetic spilanthol flavor composition that includes (2E,6Z,8E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide. The synthetic spilanthol composition can also contain, and at least one of (2E,6E,8E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide and (2E,6Z,8Z)—N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide, the (N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide being present in amounts effective to impart a salivating or tingle effect while reducing the perception of off notes, as compared to the off-notes perceived upon consumption of natural spilanthol (e.g. spilanthol obtained from jambu oleoresin). Methods of increasing salivation and/or providing a tingling sensation upon consuming an orally consumable product that include adding to the product a synthetic spilanthol flavor composition are also provided.

Abstract: A head-up display device includes: a light source that emits light; a condenser that condenses the light emitted from the light source in a first direction; an adjuster that adjusts the light emitted from the condenser; a first reflector that reflects the light emitted from the adjuster in a second direction different from the first direction; a display that includes an image display surface forming a display image and emits a display light representing the display image with the image display surface transmitting the light reflected by the first reflector; a second reflector that reflects the display light being emitted from the display and being incident from above; and a third reflector that reflects the display light incident from the second reflector to the projection member. The adjuster adjusts the light emitted from the condenser according to a size of the image display surface.

Abstract: A laminate which comprises a core layer, a first cladding layer, a second cladding layer and a light reflecting layer, and wherein the light reflecting layer, the second cladding layer, the core layer and the first cladding layer are sequentially laminated. The refractive index of the first cladding layer and the refractive index of the second cladding layer are lower than the refractive index of the core layer, and the light reflecting layer has a thickness of 50 ?m or more.

Abstract: A laminate which is provided with a core layer, a first cladding layer, a second cladding layer and a light output means, and wherein the second cladding layer, the core layer and the first cladding layer are sequentially laminated. The refractive index of the first cladding layer and the refractive index of the second cladding layer is lower than the refractive index of the core layer. The light output means is composed of a recess that penetrates through the first cladding layer and reaches the inside of the core layer, and the curvature radius of the forefront part of the recess is 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a nitrile represented by general formula (1) (in the formula, R denotes an optionally substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, dienyl group, aralkyl group or aryl group having a total of 3-20 carbon atoms), and the method includes heating an aldoxime represented by general formula (2) (in the formula, R denotes the same groups as those mentioned above) at 80-250° C. in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of phosphoric acid (catalyst A) and distilling off water generated as the reaction progresses to outside the reaction system.

Abstract: Provided are a thermoplastic resin shaped-article in which vacancies with satisfactory light emission efficiency are formed, and a thermoplastic resin light guide that uses the thermoplastic resin shaped-article. Pulse laser irradiation is performed in a state in which the pulse laser is focused to an inner region of a primary thermoplastic resin shaped-article, thereby forming cracks at the inner side of the primary thermoplastic resin shaped-article. Then, a heat treatment is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of a thermoplastic resin that constitutes the primary thermoplastic resin shaped-article, thereby obtaining a thermoplastic resin shaped-article 20 in which substantially spherical vacancies 244 having minimum diameter of 30 ?m or more are formed only at the inner region distant from a surface thereof by 10 ?m or more.

Abstract: A resin composition for a light guide article-preform is described, which enables the formation of a foamed layer having a large light scattering effect on the surface of a shaped article by laser irradiation processing at low cost. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a resin composition for a light guide article-preform, which contains a resin having a mass average molecular weight of 60,000 to 150,000, and has a 30% thermal mass reduction temperature of 310° C. or lower and a difference between a 40% thermal mass reduction temperature and a 20% thermal mass reduction temperature of 7° C. or less when a thermal mass measurement is performed with starting from the state at 100° C. under air at a temperature rising rate of 5° C./min.

Abstract: Provided is a plate-type light guide (4) in which two opposing main surfaces are set as light emitting surfaces (6A, 6B) and at least one side-edge surface is set as a light incidence surface (5). In such a light guide, a light emitting mechanism (6) is provided in at least one region of at least one main surface; the haze value is 3% or lower in the region where the light emitting mechanism is provided; when a perfect diffuse light enters through at least one light incidence surface (5), a maximum emission angle (?A, ?B), at which maximizes the intensity of emitted light (8) from the main surface is in a range from ?60 degrees to +60 degrees with respect to a normal line to the main surface; and the utilization efficiency of emitted light is 15% or greater.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plate-like light guide element (24) provided with a light incident surface, a light exit surface (242), and an underside surface (243) disposed on the opposite side of the light exit surface (242). A foamed surface layer (244) is formed on at least a part of at least either the light exit surface (242) or the underside surface (243). The foamed surface layer (244) contains air bubbles and has a recessed sectional surface including the normal direction of the light exit surface (242) or the underside surface (243). The light guide element (24) is produced by performing infrared laser etching for at least a part of at least one of the main surfaces of a plate-like light guide element material composed of an acryl resin plate produced by a continuous plate production method, to form the foamed surface layer (244).

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an optically active ceramide by an N-acylation (amidation) reaction of an optically active aminodiol, wherein a crude ceramide produced therein is purified by an industrially advantageous process. Namely, provided is a method for producing a high-purity ceramide that has high diastereo purity with high yield. A high-purity ceramide is produced by: a step wherein a ceramide represented by general formula (1) is produced by reacting an aminodiol with an alkyl ester having 1-5 carbon atoms of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 12-24 carbon atoms, said aliphatic carboxylic acid optionally having a hydroxyl group, in a hydrocarbon solvent having 5-10 carbon atoms; and a step wherein an alcohol having 1-3 carbon atoms is added into the reaction mixture obtained in the preceding step, thereby causing crystals to precipitate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a nitrile represented by general formula (1) (in the formula, R denotes an optionally substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, dienyl group, aralkyl group or aryl group having a total of 3-20 carbon atoms), and the method includes heating an aldoxime represented by general formula (2) (in the formula, R denotes the same groups as those mentioned above) at 80-250° C. in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of phosphoric acid (catalyst A) and distilling off water generated as the reaction progresses to outside the reaction system.

Abstract: Provided is an amide ester that is useful as an intermediate manufacturing product for an aroma compound such as spilanthol or the like. Also provided is a spilanthol manufacturing method using said amide ester. High-purity spilanthol can be manufactured by reacting an amide ester represented by general formula (1) with a basic compound. (In the formula, R1 represents a C1-6 alkyl group or a phenyl group that may be substituted with a C1-4 alkyl group, a C1-4 alkoxy group, or a halogen atom; R2 represents a C1-8 hydrocarbon group; and the wavy lines represent cis configurations, trans configurations, or a mixture of the two configurations.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an ether compound easily in a small number of steps at lower costs in high yields. The present invention relates to a method in which the ether compound represented by the general formula (1) is produced by reacting the specific carbonyl compound specified in the general formula (2) and the specific dialkoxy compound specified in the general formula (3) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and an acidic substance to perform hydrogenation.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an optically active ceramide by an N-acylation (amidation) reaction of an optically active aminodiol, wherein a crude ceramide produced therein is purified by an industrially advantageous process. Namely, provided is a method for producing a high-purity ceramide that has high diastereo purity with high yield. A high-purity ceramide is produced by: a step wherein a ceramide represented by general formula (1) is produced by reacting an aminodiol with an alkyl ester having 1-5 carbon atoms of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 12-24 carbon atoms, said aliphatic carboxylic acid optionally having a hydroxyl group, in a hydrocarbon solvent having 5-10 carbon atoms; and a step wherein an alcohol having 1-3 carbon atoms is added into the reaction mixture obtained in the preceding step, thereby causing crystals to precipitate.

Abstract: The present application provides a synthetic spilanthol flavor composition that includes (2E,6Z,8E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide. The synthetic spilanthol composition can also contain, and at least one of (2E,6E,8E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide and (2E,6Z,8Z)—N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide, the (N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide being present in amounts effective to impart a salivating or tingle effect while reducing the perception of off notes, as compared to the off-notes perceived upon consumption of natural spilanthol (e.g. spilanthol obtained from jambu oleoresin). Methods of increasing salivation and/or providing a tingling sensation upon consuming an orally consumable product that include adding to the product a synthetic spilanthol flavor composition are also provided.

Abstract: The present application provides a synthetic spilanthol flavor composition that includes (2E,6Z,8E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide. The synthetic spilanthol composition can also contain, and at least one of (2E,6E,8E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide and (2E,6Z,8Z)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide, the (N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-decatrienamide being present in amounts effective to impart a salivating or tingle effect while reducing the perception of off notes, as compared to the off-notes perceived upon consumption of natural spilanthol (e.g. spilanthol obtained from jambu oleoresin). Methods of increasing salivation and/or providing a tingling sensation upon consuming an orally consumable product that include adding to the product a synthetic spilanthol flavor composition are also provided.