Abstract: Provided that a method for inexpensively producing optically active ?-ionone with a high yield and a high asymmetric yield and with good workability in a short process, and a perfume composition comprising the optically active ?-ionone obtained by the aforementioned method. A method for producing optically active ?-ionone, comprising allowing ?-ionone as a mixture of optical isomers to react with an esterification agent, and hydrolyzing the obtained ?-ionone enol ester; a method for producing optically active ?-ionone comprising subjecting ?-ionone as a mixture of optical isomers to an asymmetric reduction, allowing the obtained optically active ?-ionol to react with an esterification agent to give an optically active ?-ionol ester, hydrolyzing the obtained optically active ?-ionol ester after purification as necessary, and then oxidizing the obtained optically active ?-ionol; and a perfume composition comprising thus obtained optically active ?-ionone.

Abstract: A radio communication device comprises an upper housing and a lower housing connected by a hinge part to be mutually rotatable. A connection portion electrically connects a first circuit board in the upper housing and a second circuit board in the lower housing each other. An antenna is provided in the lower housing and has a base, an electric supply terminal and a ground terminal. An antenna electric supply part is provided to supply an operating current from the second circuit board to the antenna. A position of the antenna electric supply part is shifted from a central position of the second circuit board in an axial direction of the hinge part to increase a distance from the connection portion, and the electric supply terminal and the ground terminal are extended from the antenna base in the hinge part axial direction to contact the antenna electric supply part.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip that generates heat in operation, a pair of heat sinks for cooling the chip, and a mold resin, in which the chip and the heat sinks are embedded. The thickness t1 of the chip and the thickness t2 of one of heat sinks that is joined to the chip using a solder satisfy the equation of t2/t1?5. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient ?1 of the heat sinks and the thermal expansion coefficient ?2 of the mold resin satisfy the equation of 0.5??2/?1?1.5. In addition, the surface of the chip that faces the solder has a roughness Ra that satisfies the equation of Ra?500 nm. Moreover, the solder is a Sn-based solder to suppress relaxation of a compressive stress in the chip, which is caused by the creeping of the solder.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially advantageous production method of optically active tetrahydroquinolines of formula (1), which comprises: 1) a step of reacting a ?-ketoester of formula (2) ?with an amine of formula (3) ?to produce an enaminoester of formula (4); 2) a step of subjecting the enaminoester of formula (4) above obtained in 1) to asymmetric hydrogenation to produce an optically active ?-amino acid derivative of formula (5); 3) a step of amidating the optically active ?-amino acid derivative (5) above obtained in 2) to produce an amide of formula (6); 4) a step of alkoxycarbonylating the amide of formula (6) above obtained in 3) to produce a compound of formula (7); ?and 5) a step of subjecting the compound of formula (7) above to cyclization to produce the optically active tetrahydroquinoline of formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a process for producing an optically active amino alcohol which is useful for the synthesis of natural substances and as an intermediate for drugs and agricultural chemicals in a high yield, a high selectivity and an economical manner with a good working efficiency and the present invention relates to a process for producing an optically active amino alcohol represented by the following formula (2) (in the formula, R1 is a hydrocarbon group, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group or a substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group; R2 and R3 each independently is hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group or a substituted aliphatic h

Abstract: A radio communication device comprises an upper housing and a lower housing connected by a hinge part to be mutually rotatable. A connection portion electrically connects a first circuit board in the upper housing and a second circuit board in the lower housing each other. An antenna is provided in the lower housing and has a base, an electric supply terminal and a ground terminal. An antenna electric supply part is provided to supply an operating current from the second circuit board to the antenna. A position of the antenna electric supply part is shifted from a central position of the second circuit board in an axial direction of the hinge part to increase a distance from the connection portion, and the electric supply terminal and the ground terminal are extended from the antenna base in the hinge part axial direction to contact the antenna electric supply part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an elliptic core optical fiber, in which a original preform having a circular core disposed at the center of a circular clad is processed to flatten on its periphery to form a processed preform that is then drawn with heating into an elliptic core optical fiber. According to the invention, the form of the processed preform used for producing an elliptic core optical fiber with desired specific dimensions can be designed using pre-obtained correlations based on the dimensions of the elliptic core optical fiber. If the processed preform designed like this is drawn with heating, an elliptic core optical fiber with desired specific dimensions can be reliably and easily produced.

Abstract: A clearance regulating amount L by a clearance regulating member 4, which is provided above a developing roller 3 on a side closer to a photosensitive drum 1, is determined at a size not greater than a height T of a developer at a magnetic pole just downstream of the clearance regulated position. Thus, the scattering of the developer from a developing unit 2 is significantly reduced.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a process for producing an optically active amino alcohol which is useful for the synthesis of natural substances and as an intermediate for drugs and agricultural chemicals in a high yield, a high selectivity and an economical manner with a good working efficiency and the present invention relates to a process for producing an optically active amino alcohol represented by the following formula (2) 1

Abstract: A semiconductor switching element driving circuit comprises an overcurrent limiting circuit which instantaneously drops a voltage of a gate terminal of an IGBT when a main IGBT current becomes larger than a predetermined level i1. An overcurrent protection circuit which first decreases the main IGBT current at a first inclination when the main IGBT current becomes larger than the other level i2 lower than the i1 and then reduces the main IGBT current at a steep second inclination when it becomes smaller than another level i3.

Abstract: A portable electronic device is less subject to aging, and it is easy to obtain assembly accuracy even if there are variations in individual components. The portable electronic device in the form of a mobile phone (100) includes a display (11) for displaying an image, and a camera (20) supported by a bearing (31) and a hinge module (32) for forward and reverse rotation so as to be able to take pictures of images, which can be displayed on the display, from a front side to a rear side of the display. A reflector (34) is rotated in accordance with the rotation of the camera and has a plurality of areas “A”, “B”, “C” of different reflection factors arranged along its circumferential direction. For determination of a control mode, a reflective photosensor (44) optically detects the rotational position of the camera by projecting a beam of light toward the reflector and by receiving the light reflected from the reflector.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip that generates heat in operation, a pair of heat sinks for cooling the chip, and a mold resin, in which the chip and the heat sinks are embedded. The thickness t1 of the chip and the thickness t2 of one of heat sinks that is joined to the chip using a solder satisfy the equation of t2/t1≧5. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient &agr;1 of the heat sinks and the thermal expansion coefficient &agr;2 of the mold resin satisfy the equation of 0.5≦&agr;2/&agr;1≦1.5. In addition, the surface of the chip that faces the solder has a roughness Ra that satisfies the equation of Ra≦500 nm. Moreover, the solder is a Sn-based solder to suppress relaxation of a compressive stress in the chip, which is caused by the creeping of the solder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an elliptic core optical fiber, in which a original preform having a circular core disposed at the center of a circular clad is processed to flatten on its periphery to form a processed preform that is then drawn with heating into an elliptic core optical fiber.

Abstract: A clearance regulating amount L by a clearance regulating member 4, which is provided above a developing roller 3 on a side closer to a photosensitive drum 1, is determined at a size not greater than a height T of a developer at a magnetic pole just downstream of the clearance regulated position. Thus, the scattering of the developer from a developing unit 2 is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A semiconductor switching element driving circuit comprises an overcurrent limiting circuit which instantaneously drops a voltage of a gate terminal of an IGBT when a main IGBT current becomes larger than a predetermined level i1. An overcurrent protection circuit which first decreases the main IGBT current at a first inclination when the main IGBT current becomes larger than the other level i2 lower than the i1 and then reduces the main IGBT current at a steep second inclination when it becomes smaller than another level i3.

Abstract: An optical fiber ribbon includes a plurality of optical fibers arranged in a row and an outer coating formed around the optical fibers. Each of the optical fibers has a core, a cladding, and a non-strippable thin coating made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 50 kg/mm2 to 250 kg/mm2 at room temperature and coated around the cladding. The concentricity of the core to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating is 1 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: A magnetic detection apparatus detects movement of an object having a nonuniform system of teeth by means of magneto-electric conversion devices, wherein technical problems such as too large an amplified output signal, a nonuniform pulse period and a complicated circuit configuration can be solved. A plurality of uniform triangular teeth are formed on the circumference of a gear at equal angular intervals, and in a predetermined region a trapezoidal tooth is formed, where the height of the trapezoidal tooth is smaller than the height of the uniform teeth but greater than half their height. The magnetized surface of a bias magnet facing the gear generates a bias magnetic field directed toward the gear. Magneto-resistive devices are provided in the bias magnetic field. Variations in state of the bias magnetic field generated by the bias magnetic magnet when the gear is rotated are converted into an output electrical signal by the magneto-resistive devices.

Abstract: In a magnetism detecting apparatus, a magnetoresistance element is positioned adjacent to a gear with teeth to be responsive to magnetic field applied thereto. The gear is shaped such that each of the teeth satisfies SA/(SA+SB)<0.125, where SA denotes a cross-sectional area of a tip portion of each of the teeth, which tip portion is measured through 10% of a height of each of the teeth taken from a tip of each of the teeth, and SB denotes a cross-sectional area of a notch portion of each notch between the teeth, which notch portion has a height corresponding to the height of the teeth. As a result of this configuration, distortion contained in an output signal based upon high and low threshhold values from the magnetoresistance element can be eliminated. In addition, variations in intervals of a pulse signal obtained by performing a waveform shaping operation can be reduced, even when a distance between the gear teeth and the magnetoresistance element is varied.

Abstract: A magnetic detection device including a biasing magnet for generating a bias magnetic field directed to an object of detection having a magnetic material; a magnetoresistance effective element disposed at an inclination of about 45.degree. to the direction of the bias magnetic field to provide a change in resistance caused by the bias magnetic field in accordance with movement of the object of detection, so as to detect a change in state of the bias magnetic field via the change in resistance of the magnetoresistance effective element; and the biasing magnet having a hollow portion containing a holder for holding the magnetoresistance effective element in a position between a surface of the biasing magnet and the object of detection and close to the surface of the biasing element.

Abstract: A cladding glass for optical fiber comprises 60 to 80% by weight of silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2), 0.5 to 10% by weight of aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), 9 to 17% by weight of an alkali metal oxide, 3 to 15% by weight of boron oxide (B.sub.2 O.sub.3) and more than 0 but not more than 3% by weight of fluorine (F). The cladding glass of this invention can simultaneously satisfy low refractive index and lowered viscosity, and is also excellent in water resistance and weathering resistance.