Abstract: Methods of forming and resulting devices are described that include graphene devices on boron nitride. Selected methods of forming and resulting devices include graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) including boron nitride.

Abstract: An apparatus or method can include forming a graphene layer including a working surface, forming a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer upon the working surface of the graphene layer, and forming a dielectric layer upon the PVA layer. In an example, the PVA layer can be activated and the dielectric layer can be deposited on an activated portion of the PVA layer. In an example, an electronic device can include such apparatus, such as included as a portion of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), or one or more other devices.

Abstract: A method for single-molecule detection is provided and uses a carbon nanotube having a probe entity attached thereto to define a first state of the carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube is introduced to a target entity to define a second state of the carbon nanotube. The electrical conductance of the carbon nanotube in the first and second states is compared to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity. A system for single-molecule detection including a carbon nanotube is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus or method can include forming a graphene layer including a working surface, forming a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer upon the working surface of the graphene layer, and forming a dielectric layer upon the PVA layer. In an example, the PVA layer can be activated and the dielectric layer can be deposited on an activated portion of the PVA layer. In an example, an electronic device can include such apparatus, such as included as a portion of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), or one or more other devices.

Abstract: Use of Morpholinos, a class of uncharged DNA analogues, for surface-hybridization applications. Monolayers of Morpholino probes on gold supports are fabricated with methods similar to those employed with DNA, and are used to hybridize efficiently and sequence-specifically with target strands. Hybridization-induced changes in the interfacial charge organization are analyzed with electrochemical methods and compared for Morpholino and DNA probe monolayers. Molecular mechanisms connecting surface hybridization state to the interfacial capacitance are identified and interpreted through comparison to numerical Poisson-Boltzmann calculations. Positive as well as negative capacitive responses (contrast inversion) to hybridization are possible, depending on surface populations of mobile ions as controlled by the applied potential.

Abstract: A method to monitor the progress of hybridization between nucleic acid strands in solution and Morpholino strands immobilized on a solid support such as a working electrode in-situ, in real-time, and using label-free electrochemical measurements sensitive to hybridization-induced changes in the near-surface dielectric constant and charge organization.

Abstract: Use of Morpholinos, a class of uncharged DNA analogues, for surface-hybridization applications. Monolayers of Morpholino probes on gold supports are fabricated with methods similar to those employed with DNA, and are used to hybridize efficiently and sequence-specifically with target strands. Hybridization-induced changes in the interfacial charge organization are analyzed with electrochemical methods and compared for Morpholino and DNA probe monolayers. Molecular mechanisms connecting surface hybridization state to the interfacial capacitance are identified and interpreted through comparison to numerical Poisson-Boltzmann calculations. Positive as well as negative capacitive responses (contrast inversion) to hybridization are possible, depending on surface populations of mobile ions as controlled by the applied potential.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a thin-film bulk acoustic resonator such as including an acoustic mirror, a piezoelectric region acoustically coupled to the acoustic mirror, and first and second conductors electrically coupled to the piezoelectric region. In an example, an integrated circuit substrate can include an interface circuit connected to the first and second conductors of the resonator, the integrated circuit substrate configured to mechanically support the resonator. An example can include an array of such resonators co-integrated with the interface circuit and configured to detect a mass change associated with one or more of a specified protein binding, a specified antibody-antigen coupling, a specified hybridization of a DNA oligomer, or an adsorption of specified gas molecules.

Abstract: An apparatus or method can include forming a graphene layer including a working surface, forming a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer upon the working surface of the graphene layer, and forming a dielectric layer upon the PVA layer. In an example, the PVA layer can be activated and the dielectric layer can be deposited on an activated portion of the PVA layer. In an example, an electronic device can include such apparatus, such as included as a portion of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), or one or more other devices.

Abstract: Surface hybridization, a reaction in which nucleic acid molecules in solution react with nucleic acid partners immobilized on a surface, is widely practiced in life science research. In these applications the immobilized partner, or “probe”, is typically single-stranded DNA. Because DNA is strongly charged, high salt conditions are required to enable binding between analyte nucleic acids (“targets”) in solution and the DNA probes. High salt, however, compromises prospects for label-free monitoring or control of the hybridization reaction through surface electric fields, as well as stabilizes secondary structure in target species that can interfere with probe-target recognition. In this work, initial steps toward addressing these challenges are taken by introducing Morpholinos, a class of uncharged DNA analogues, for surface-hybridization applications.

Abstract: The sequence determination, detection, and quantification of nucleic acid molecules through sequence-specific binding (hybridization) on a solid support, specifically when Morpholinos are used as the surface-immobilized probe species in surface-based nucleic acid assays, and the assays as disclosed herein.

Abstract: An active CMOS biosensor chip for fluorescent-based detection is provided that enables time-gated, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. In one embodiment, analytes are loaded with fluorophores that are bound to probe molecules immobilized on the surface of the chip. Photodiodes and other circuitry in the chip are used to measure the fluorescent intensity of the fluorophore at different times. These measurements are then averaged to generate a representation of the transient fluorescent decay response unique to the fluorophores. In addition to its low-cost, compact form, the biosensor chip provides capabilities beyond those of macroscopic instrumentation by enabling time-gated operation for background rejection, easing requirements on optical filters, and by characterizing fluorescence lifetime, allowing for a more detailed characterization of fluorophore labels and their environment.

Abstract: An integrated circuit with multiple supply voltage domains includes a first domain and a second domain of electrical components. The first domain receives current from a first voltage rail and discharges electrical current to a second voltage rail. A second domain of electrical components receives current from the second voltage rail and discharges electrical current to a third voltage rail at a third voltage. An external voltage source provides a supply voltage across the first voltage rail and the third voltage rail. The integrated circuit further includes a regulator for regulating the second voltage rail. The circuit domains are divided into granules that can be multiplexed between domains when the supply voltage fluctuations are too large and too long for the regulator to handle. This concept may be extended to include additional domains of electrical components.

Abstract: Systems and methods for on-chip signaling are disclosed. In some embodiments, an integrated circuit having on-chip signaling between a first component and a second component includes, a differential interconnect capable of coupling the first component to the second component, a driver capable of being coupled to the first component that sends data on the differential interconnect, a receiver capable of being coupled to the second component that receives the data, and a plurality of negative impedance converters capable of being coupled to the differential interconnect that provide loss compensation.

Abstract: An active CMOS biosensor chip for fluorescent-based detection is provided that enables time-gated, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Analytes are loaded with fluorophores that are bound to probe molecules immobilized on the surface of the chip. Photodiodes and other circuitry in the chip are used to measure the fluorescent intensity of the fluorophore at different times. These measurements are then averaged to generate a representation of the transient fluorescent decay response unique to the fluorophores. In addition to its low-cost, compact form, the biosensor chip provides capabilities beyond those of macroscopic instrumentation by enabling time-gated operation for background rejection, easing requirements on optical filters, and by characterizing fluorescence lifetime, allowing for a more detailed characterization of fluorophore labels and their environment.

Abstract: A circuit for distributing a clock signal in an integrated circuit includes a capacitive clock distribution circuit. At least one additional inductor is formed in a metal layer of the integrated circuit and is coupled to the clock distribution circuit. The inductor, which may distributed throughout the integrated circuit, has an inductance value selected to resonate with impedance of the capacitive clock distribution circuit. By operating the clock distribution circuit at resonance, power dissipation is reduced while skew and jitter performance can be improved.

Abstract: Techniques for estimating a body voltage of one or more transistors which form digital partially depleted silicon-on-insulator circuit, and for using estimated voltages to analyze electrical properties of the circuit, are disclosed. In one technique, device models are obtained and abstracted to generate simplified electrical descriptions of the transistors. The circuit topology is checked to generate sets of accessible states for the transistors that are indicative of whether a connection between a source or a drain of a transistor and either a power supply or ground exists. Next, sets of reference state body voltage minima and reference state body voltage maxima are determined for each of the transistors based on corresponding simplified electrical descriptions and corresponding sets of accessible states.

Abstract: A circuit for distributing a clock signal in an integrated circuit includes a capacitive clock distribution circuit (102) having at least conductor (115) therein. At least one inductor is formed in a metal layer of the integrated circuit and is coupled to the clock distribution circuit. The inductor, generally in the form of a number of spiral inductors (120) distributed throughout the integrated circuit, provides an inductance value selected to resonate with the capacitive clock distribution circuit at resonance, power dissipation is reduced while skew and jitter performance can be improved.

Abstract: A circuit for distributing a clock signal in an integrated circuit includes a capacitive clock distribution circuit having at least conductor therein. At least one inductor is formed in a metal layer of the integrated circuit and is coupled to the clock distribution circuit. The inductor, generally in the form of a number of spiral inductors distributed throughout the integrated circuit, provides an inductance value selected to resonate with the capacitive clock distribution circuit. By operating the clock distribution circuit at resonance, power dissipation is reduced while skew and jitter performance can be improved.

Abstract: An integrated circuit with multiple supply voltage domains includes a first domain and a second domain of electrical components. The first domain receives current from a first voltage rail and discharges electrical current to a second voltage rail. A second domain of electrical components receives current from the second voltage rail and discharges electrical current to a third voltage rail at a third voltage. An external voltage source provides a supply voltage across the first voltage rail and the third voltage rail. The integrated circuit further includes a regulator for regulating the second voltage rail. The circuit domains are divided into granules that can be multiplexed between domains when the supply voltage fluctuations are too large and too long for the regulator to handle. This concept may be extended to include additional domains of electrical components.