Abstract: Biooxidation reactions can be controlled by a method which comprises the steps of: (1) independently adding a substrate and a co-substrate at predetermined rates to a bioxidation reaction mixture comprised of a biocatalyst; (2) measuring the oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide evolution rate from the reaction mixture; (3) determining the instantaneous rates of substrate and cosubstrate consumption by solving simultaneous equations relating carbon dioxide evolution rate and oxygen consumption rate to the substrate oxidation stoichiometry, the cosubstrate combustion stoichiometry, and optionally the biomass formation stoichiometry; (4) simultaneously adjusting the substrate and cosubstrate addition rates to the rates of substrate oxidation and cosubstrate consumption in order to maximize the rate of product formation while simultaneously minimizing the rate of cosubstrate usage.

Abstract: A shock indicator is described comprising (A) a base having a first side and a second side; (B) an indicator associated with the first side of the base, the indicator comprising a plurality of indicator subparts, the subparts comprising solid material arranged (i) in a first configuration when the shock indicator is in a first state prior to a shock event, and (ii) in a second configuration when the shock indicator is in a second state following a shock event; and (C) means associated with the second side of the base for attachment of the shock indicator to a surface. A method of manufacture is also provided.

Abstract: A multi-chambered inflatable member formed by connecting the perimeters of two polymeric film layers includes a seal line spaced from the perimeter that interconnects the two film layers to form a perimeter inflatable channel along a portion of the perimeter. A plurality of inflatable cells extend between opposing portions of the inflatable channel and are in communication with one of the opposing portions of the inflatable channel. A check valve communicates with the inflatable channel to inflate the inflatable member. Articles being shipped or stored in a container can be placed between two or more inflatable members, the perimeter inflatable channels of which provide perimeter protection between the article and the container.

Abstract: A fermentation medium containing: (a) a source of metabolizable carbon and energy; (b) a source of inorganic nitrogen; (c) a source of phosphate; (d) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, and mixtures thereof; and (e) biotin, substantially free of particulate matter and bacteria.

Abstract: A fermentation medium containing: (a) a source of metabolizable carbon and energy; (b) a source of inorganic nitrogen; (c) a source of phosphate; (d) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, and mixtures thereof; and (e) biotin, substantially free of particulate matter and bacteria. A fatty material may be added to an aqueous suspension containing at least one dicarboxylic acid to modify the rheological characteristics of the suspension.

Abstract: A multi-chambered inflatable member formed by connecting the perimeters of two polymeric film layers includes a seal line spaced from the perimeter that interconnects the two film layers to form a perimeter inflatable channel along a portion of the perimeter. A plurality of inflatable cells extend between opposing portions of the inflatable channel and are in communication with one of the opposing portions of the inflatable channel. A check valve communicates with the inflatable channel to inflate the inflatable member. Articles being shipped or stored in a container can be placed between two or more inflatable members, the perimeter inflatable channels of which provide perimeter protection between the article and the container.

Abstract: A bioprocess for producing carboxylic acids, alcohols and aldehydes is provided by culturing Candida sp. in a fermentation medium containing various defined substrates.

Abstract: A fermentation medium containing: (a) a source of metabolizable carbon and energy; (b) a source of inorganic nitrogen; (c) a source of phosphate; (d) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, and mixtures thereof; and (e) biotin, substantially free of particulate matter and bacteria. A fatty material may be added to an aqueous suspension containing at least one dicarboxylic acid to modify the rheological characteristics of the suspension.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are recovered from a fermentation broth by adjusting the pH of a fermentation broth comprised of a carboxylic acid to at least about 6.0 and then heating the pH-adjusted broth to a temperature sufficient to effect the formation of three immiscible phases, one of which is an oily phase rich in the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are recovered from a fermentation broth by adjusting the pH of a fermentation broth comprised of a carboxylic acid to at least about 6.0 and then heating the pH-adjusted broth to a temperature sufficient to effect the formation of three immiscible phases, one of which is an oily phase rich in the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for pressure splitting glycerides into fatty acids and glycerols involving the steps of: (a) providing a glyceride feedstock; (b) providing a hydrolytic lipase enzyme; (c) providing an alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, and mixtures thereof; (d) mixing components (a)-(c) in the presence of water and with agitation, at a temperature ranging from about 50 to about 60.degree. C. to form a partially hydrolyzed glyceride feedstock; (e) introducing the partially hydrolyzed glyceride feedstock into a pressure splitter; and (f) splitting the partially hydrolyzed glyceride feedstock in the pressure splitter into carboxylic acids and glycerols.

Abstract: Aliphatic polycarboxylic acids are made by a process comprising the steps of: (1) fermenting a beta-oxidation blocked C. tropicalis cell wherein both copies of the chromosomal POX5 gene and the chromosomal POX4A and POX4B genes are disrupted in a culture medium comprised of a nitrogen source, an organic substrate and a cosubstrate wherein the substrate is an unsaturated aliphatic compound having at least one internal carbon--carbon double bond and at least one terminal methyl group, a terminal carboxyl group and/or a terminal functional group which is oxidizable to a carboxyl group by biooxidation; (2) reacting the product of step (1) with an oxidizing agent to produce one or more polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids and glycerine are made by a continuous splitting process which involves the formation of a presplitting mixture by separately adding the glyceride, an effective lipase in an amount sufficient to produce partial splitting of the glyceride, and water. The water used in the formation of the presplitting mixture is water that has been separated from the glycerin-water effluent stream from the pressure splitter and recycled. The next step involves the pressure splitting which entails mixing the partially split glyceride from the presplitter with water and heating under conditions of temperature and pressure effective to substantially complete the splitting of the glyceride into component fatty acids and a glycerin-water stream. The water is then separated from the glycerine-water stream and the water is recycled to the presplitter.

Abstract: The invention is an integrated process for making fatty acid lower alkyl ester from oilseeds or other natural oil-containing plant materials. The process comprises removing oil from the oilseeds and recovering it, to produce a reside comprising complex polymeric carbohydrates; saccharifying the deoiled oilseeds comprising complex polymeric carbohydrates to form saccharides; fermenting the saccharides to form ethanol or other lower alkyl alcohols; recovering the alcohol; and then transesterifying the recovered oil with the recovered alcohol to thereby produce glycerine and fatty acid lower alkyl esters.

Abstract: An improved fat splitting process which eliminates the induction period encountered during pressure splitting. A partial hydrolysis is conducted prior to pressure splitting by combining a lipase in the presence of water with the fat or oil to be hydrolyzed with added agitation. Pressure splitting of this partially split triglyceride eliminates or reduces the induction period.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting sulfide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen induced stepwise cracking in a metal (e.g. pipeline steel) that comprises contacting the metal at a pH of 5.3 or below with an effective inhibiting amount of a glycolipid-containing product obtained from a fermentation using Torulopsis bombicola.