Abstract: A graphene power generating system is connected to a rotating shaft or driving shafts of the vehicles or other moving objects. Those shafts are mainly wasting energy, that wasting energy is re collectable by this Nano-graphene alternator or generators when rotating the shafts. New alternator or generator replaced copper wire by super conductive and ultra-strong lightest material of the graphene wire for producing high electrical power, and reducing sizes, weight, and sound pollutions. Even the housing and shaft of the steel replaced by newly discovered material of Giga steel, carbon steel, or titanium which is lighter, stronger, and cheaper. Therefore, it can reduce size and weight by about 70%, which creates higher economic benefits as well as multi-purpose of electrical power generating applications.

Abstract: A graphene power generating system is connected to a rotating shaft or driving shafts of the vehicles or other moving objects. Those shafts are mainly wasting energy, that wasting energy is re collectable by this Nano-graphene alternator or generators when rotating the shafts. New alternator or generator replaced copper wire by super conductive and ultra-strong lightest material of the graphene wire for producing high electrical power, and reducing sizes, weight, and sound pollutions. Even the housing and shaft of the steel replaced by newly discovered material of Giga steel, carbon steel, or titanium which is lighter, stronger, and cheaper. Therefore, it can reduce size and weight by about 70%, which creates higher economic benefits as well as multi-purpose of electrical power generating applications.

Abstract: Provided is a feedback method and apparatus in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system. A terminal may determine a preferred pre-coding matrix for a neighboring terminal, based on a reference rank determined by a base station and a preferred pre-coding matrix of the terminal. The terminal may calculate a channel quality indicator (CQI) based on the preferred precoding matrix for the neighboring terminal, and may feed the CQI back to the base station.

Abstract: A feedback method and apparatus are provided for Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP) communication in a communication system. The method includes checking a number of feedback allocations configured by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, determining a number of bits of an aperiodic feedback indicator based on the checked number of feedback allocations, receiving Downlink Control Information (DCI) including the aperiodic feedback indicator, interpreting the aperiodic feedback indicator, based on the determined number of bits of the aperiodic feedback indicator, and performing aperiodic feedback of at least one feedback allocation, based on the aperiodic feedback indicator.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a fin-type active area protruding from a substrate; a plurality of liners sequentially covering lower side walls of the fin-type active area; a device isolation layer covering the lower side walls of the fin-type active area with the plurality of liners between the device isolation layer and the fin-type active area; and a gate insulating layer extending to cover a channel region of the fin-type active area, the plurality of liners, and the device isolation layer, and including protrusions located on portions of the gate insulating layer which cover the plurality of liners.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device for transmitting and receiving CSI (Channel State Information). A CSI transmission method at a CoMP (Coordinated Multi-Point) device includes steps of receiving a CSI-RS (Reference Signal) from a plurality of transmission points, acquiring an optimal phase difference value causing an optimal channel quality between the plurality of transmission points, based on the CSI-RS, acquiring a CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), based on the optimal phase difference value, and transmitting the CSI including the CQI. According to an embodiment of the present invention, efficient CSI transmission/reception method and device can be provided in a CoMP system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for transmitting channel state information (CSI) by a user equipment in a mobile communication system. The method includes receiving a CSI-reference signal (CSI-RS) for measuring a state of a downlink channel and a CSI feedback-related configuration from a base station (BS); determining a channel quality indication (CQI) for at least one transmission point and control information for determining a CQI for multiple transmission points, based on the received CSI-RS and CSI feedback-related configuration; and transmitting the determined CQI for the at least one transmission point and control information to the BS.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting/receiving downlink data channel signal transmission information in a cellular radio communication system using a Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP) scheme are provided. In the downlink data channel signal transmission information transmission method, a Base Station (BS) transmits downlink data channel signal transmission information including information related to Resource Elements (REs) scheduled for a downlink data channel signal transmission to a User Equipment (UE), and transmits downlink data channel signal non-transmission information including information related to REs through which a downlink data channel signal is not transmitted among the REs scheduled for the downlink data channel signal transmission to the UE.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transmitting data from a base station to a terminal in a wireless communication system, wherein the method includes the steps of: determining a terminal for transmitting downlink data; when the downlink data is transmitted, confirming the kind of subframe in which the downlink data is transmitted; when the subframe is a normal subframe, transmitting the downlink data on the basis of a cell specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS); and, when the subframe is a multimedia broadcast multicast service signal frequency network (MBSFN) subframe, transmitting the downlink data on the basis of the DMRS.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting/receiving downlink data channel signal transmission information in a cellular radio communication system using a Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP) scheme are provided. In the downlink data channel signal transmission information transmission method, a Base Station (BS) transmits downlink data channel signal transmission information including information related to Resource Elements (REs) scheduled for a downlink data channel signal transmission to a User Equipment (UE), and transmits downlink data channel signal non-transmission information including information related to REs through which a downlink data channel signal is not transmitted among the REs scheduled for the downlink data channel signal transmission to the UE.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a fin-type active area protruding from a substrate; a plurality of liners sequentially covering lower side walls of the fin-type active area; a device isolation layer covering the lower side walls of the fin-type active area with the plurality of liners between the device isolation layer and the fin-type active area; and a gate insulating layer extending to cover a channel region of the fin-type active area, the plurality of liners, and the device isolation layer, and including protrusions located on portions of the gate insulating layer which cover the plurality of liners.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a fin-type active area protruding from a substrate; a plurality of liners sequentially covering lower side walls of the fin-type active area; a device isolation layer covering the lower side walls of the fin-type active area with the plurality of liners between the device isolation layer and the fin-type active area; and a gate insulating layer extending to cover a channel region of the fin-type active area, the plurality of liners, and the device isolation layer, and including protrusions located on portions of the gate insulating layer which cover the plurality of liners.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a double-humped protrusion protruding from a surface of an inter-device isolation region. To manufacture the integrated circuit device, a plurality of grooves are formed in the inter-device isolation region of a substrate, a recess is formed by partially removing a surface of the substrate between the plurality of grooves, at least one fin-type active area is formed in a device region by etching the substrate in the device region and the inter-device isolation region, and the double-humped protrusion is formed from the surface of the substrate in the inter-device isolation region.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a double-humped protrusion protruding from a surface of an inter-device isolation region. To manufacture the integrated circuit device, a plurality of grooves are formed in the inter-device isolation region of a substrate, a recess is formed by partially removing a surface of the substrate between the plurality of grooves, at least one fin-type active area is formed in a device region by etching the substrate in the device region and the inter-device isolation region, and the double-humped protrusion is formed from the surface of the substrate in the inter-device isolation region.

Abstract: An active pattern structure may include a substrate including an active pattern array defined by a plurality of trenches including first to third trenches, and first to third isolation patterns in the first to third trenches, respectively. The active pattern array may include a plurality of first and second active patterns extending in a first direction, and the first to third trenches may be between the first and second active patterns and may include different widths from each other. The active pattern array may include an active pattern group including one of the first active patterns and one of the second active patterns sequentially arranged in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. Each of the first and second active patterns may have a minute width.

Abstract: An active pattern structure may include a substrate including an active pattern array defined by a plurality of trenches including first to third trenches, and first to third isolation patterns in the first to third trenches, respectively. The active pattern array may include a plurality of first and second active patterns extending in a first direction, and the first to third trenches may be between the first and second active patterns and may include different widths from each other. The active pattern array may include an active pattern group including one of the first active patterns and one of the second active patterns sequentially arranged in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. Each of the first and second active patterns may have a minute width.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle is provided. The unmanned aerial vehicle includes: a battery; a battery residual quantity detector configured to detect a residual quantity of the battery; a communicator configured to perform communication with a rechargeable unmanned aerial vehicle used in charging or replacement of the battery; and a processor configured to control the communicator to transmit its operation information to the rechargeable unmanned aerial vehicle detected within a predetermined distance when the detected residual quantity of the battery is less than the predetermined reference quantity and control to wirelessly charge the battery by the power supplied from the rechargeable unmanned aerial vehicle to maintain an operable state of the unmanned aerial vehicle or replace the battery to a new battery provided from the rechargeable unmanned aerial vehicle when being close to the rechargeable unmanned aerial vehicle receiving the operation information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of providing a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). The method includes receiving configuration information comprising at least one information element indicating transmission resources for the reference signals, receiving downlink control information indicating that a transmission of at least one of the reference signals is activated, and receiving the at least one of the reference signals based on the configuration information, in response to receiving the downlink control information.

Abstract: Provided is a feedback method and apparatus in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system. A terminal may determine a preferred pre-coding matrix for a neighboring terminal, based on a reference rank determined by a base station and a preferred pre-coding matrix of the terminal. The terminal may calculate a channel quality indicator (CQI) based on the preferred precoding matrix for the neighboring terminal, and may feed the CQI back to the base station.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a double-humped protrusion protruding from a surface of an inter-device isolation region. To manufacture the integrated circuit device, a plurality of grooves are formed in the inter-device isolation region of a substrate, a recess is formed by partially removing a surface of the substrate between the plurality of grooves, at least one fin-type active area is formed in a device region by etching the substrate in the device region and the inter-device isolation region, and the double-humped protrusion is formed from the surface of the substrate in the inter-device isolation region.