Abstract: An etchant includes about 8 wt % to about 12 wt % of nitric acid, about 3 wt % to about 8 wt % of alkylsulfonic acid, about 7 wt % to about 12 wt % of a sulfate, about 40 wt % to about 55 wt % of an organic acid, about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of an organic acid salt, and a balance of water.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission may include input and output shafts, first to fourth planetary gear sets respectively having first to third, fourth to sixth, seventh to ninth, and tenth to twelfth elements, a first shaft fixed with the input shaft, the third element, and the fifth element, a second shaft fixed with the ninth and eleventh elements, and selectively connectable to the input shaft, a third shaft fixed with the eighth and twelfth elements, and the output shaft, a fourth shaft fixed with the first element, a fifth shaft fixed with the second and sixth elements, a sixth shaft fixed with the tenth element, and a plurality of shafts, each of which is selectively connectable to a housing and fixed to an element of the first and second gear sets which is not fixed with any of the first to sixth shafts.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission is provided that improves fuel efficiency through multiple speed stages and enhances silent drivability of a vehicle using an operating point in a low RPM range of an engine. The vehicle transmission combines three simple planetary gear units with a single compound planetary gear set or combines five simple planetary gear units to shift gears while changing rotational speeds and directions by a selective intermittence operation using rotation elements of the planetary gear units and a plurality of friction elements. Through such a shift operation, it is possible to form at least forward 10-speed or more and reverse 1-speed gear ratios for driving of the vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a method of a base station for controlling the transmission power of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) to a user equipment. The method may include determining a ratio of one or more empty resource elements to one or more DMRS resource elements over one or more DMRS symbols, determining a DMRS power boosting based on the determined ratio value, and transmitting the DMRS with power determined based on the DMRS power boosting to the user equipment.

Abstract: An etchant composition is presented. The composition includes: 18 wt % to 25 wt % of a first organic acid compound; 15 wt % to 20 wt % of a second organic acid compound; 8.1 wt % to 9.9 wt % of an inorganic acid compound; 1 wt % to 4.9 wt % of a sulfonic acid compound; 10 wt % to 20 wt % of a hydrogen sulfate salt compound; 1 wt % to 5 wt % of a nitrogen-containing dicarbonyl compound; 1 wt % to 5 wt % of an amino acid derivative compound; 0.1 wt % to 2 wt % of an iron-containing oxidizing agent compound; and a balance amount of water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of multiplexing and transmitting/receiving scheduling request (SR) information and HARQ ACK/NACK information through short PUCCH (sPUCCH) consisting two or three symbols when an uplink control channel is transmitted. A method of a terminal transmitting the uplink control channel includes configuring i) first uplink control channel resources for indicating only the HARQ ACK/NACK information and ii) second uplink control channel resources for indicating both of SR information and the HARQ ACK/NACK information, setting the uplink control channel to include the SR information and the HARQ ACK/NACK information, and transmitting the uplink control channel, which consists of two or three symbols in one short transmission time interval (sTTI), to a base station.

Abstract: A window system according to an aspect of the invention includes: a window frame; an inner window installed at an indoor side of the window frame; an outer window fixed to the window frame and spaced apart from the inner window with a predetermined distance at an outdoor side to form a hollow layer between the outer window and the inner window; an air-flowing opening formed between the outer window and the window frame to form a flow path in which air in the hollow layer flows or circulates; and an opening and closing device provided at one side of the inner window to open and close the inner window from the window frame. The outer window may include a tinted glass or a glass having a high absorption rate and a bracket for fixing the tinted glass to the window frame.

Abstract: There is provided a display device. The display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate that faces the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. One of the first substrate and the second substrate includes a base substrate and a light blocking pattern disposed on a surface that faces the other surface of both surfaces of the base substrate, the light blocking pattern exposing a part of the base substrate. The light blocking pattern includes a semi-transmission reflective layer a disposed on the base substrate, a phase matching layer disposed on the semi-transmission reflective layer, and a reflective metal layer disposed on the phase matching layer. The phase matching layer and the reflective metal layer include materials having substantially the same etching rate.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus may include engine; first motor/generator; first rotation element fixed to the engine, second rotation element fixed to the first motor/generator, and third rotation element; first input shaft selectively connectable to the third rotation element; second input shaft selectively connectable to the third rotation element; third input shaft; an output shaft; an idle shaft operably connected to the second input shaft and the third input shaft; and speed stage module including drive gears rotatably disposed on the first input shaft, the third input shaft, or the idle shaft, driven gears meshed with the drive gears and fixed on the output shaft, and power delivery gears and an idle gear fixed on the second input shaft, the third input shaft, or the idle shaft, and synchronizers selectively connecting at least one among the drive gears to the first input shaft, the third input shaft, or the idle shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus for a vehicle is disclosed. The power transmission apparatus includes three concentric input shafts, a transmitting shaft disposed on the peripheral circumference of a first one of the three input shafts without rotation interference, and a central shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft. The power transmission apparatus further includes a fixed transmission selectively shifting an input torque depending on the respective gear ratios of three change gear trains disposed between second and third input shafts, the transmitting shaft, and the central shaft. The power transmission apparatus further includes a composite transmission including one planetary gear set having a sun gear fixedly connected to one side of the transmitting shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus for a vehicle may include a first input shaft selectively connectable to an engine output shaft, a second input shaft coaxial and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a torque mediating shaft coaxial with the first input shaft, a first intermediate shaft in parallel with the first input shaft, a compound shifting section including a first planetary gear set having a sun gear fixed to the torque mediating shaft, a planet carrier fixed to the second input shaft, and a ring gear and a second planetary gear set having a sun gear fixedly to the first intermediate shaft, a ring gear selectively connectable to a transmission housing, and a planet carrier for outputting a torque, and a fixed shifting section receiving a torque from the compound shifting section and outputting a modified torque to the second sun gear of the compound shifting section.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus includes: an input shaft, an output gear; a compound planetary gear set including a first planetary gear set including first, second and third rotation elements, and a second planetary gear set including fourth, fifth and sixth rotation elements; a first shaft fixedly connected with the first rotation element and the fourth rotation element and selectively connected with the input shaft; a second shaft fixedly connected with the fifth rotation element, and selectively connected with the input shaft and a transmission housing; a third shaft fixedly connected with the second rotation element, the sixth rotation element and the output gear; a fourth shaft fixedly connected with the third rotation element; an intermediate shaft; a first gear set transmitting the torque from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft; and a second gear set selectively transmitting the torque from the intermediate shaft to the fourth shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus configured for a vehicle, may include a motor/generator including a motor shaft a first input shaft selectively connectable to the motor shaft, a second input shaft externally disposed with the first input shaft and selectively connectable to the motor shaft, a third input shaft externally disposed with the second input shaft and selectively connectable to the motor shaft, a first torque mediating shaft formed as a hollow shaft and coaxially and externally disposed with the first input shaft without rotational interference therebetween, an intermediate shaft parallel with the first input shaft, a first shifting section receiving a torque and outputting the shifted torque, and a second shifting section including a first planetary gear set selectively receiving the torques from the first shifting section and the third input shaft, respectively, and outputting shifted torque through one gear set.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus configured for a vehicle may include a first input shaft fixedly connected to a motor/generator, a second input shaft selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a third input shaft selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a torque mediating shaft externally disposed with the first input shaft, an intermediate shaft, an idle shaft, an output shaft, a first shifting section selectively receiving a torque from the third input shaft, shifting the received torque and outputting the shifted torque, a second shifting section shifting a torque from the first input shaft to the torque mediating shaft, or stopping a rotation of the torque mediating shaft, and a third shifting section selectively receiving a torques from the first and second shifting sections and a torque from the second input and outputting shifted torque to the output shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus for a vehicle may include a first input shaft directly connected to a motor/generator, a second and third input shafts coaxial and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a torque mediating shaft coaxial with the first input shaft, an intermediate shaft and output shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft, a first shifting section receiving torque from the third input shaft and outputting a modified torque to the torque mediating shaft, a second shifting section including first planetary gear set, shifting torque of the first input shaft to output the shifted torque to the torque mediating shaft, and selectively stopping the torque mediating shaft, and a third shifting section including second planetary gear set, forming an output torque in combination of torques from the first and second shifting sections and the second input shaft, and outputting the output torque to the output shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission system of a vehicle may include a CVT device having primary and secondary pulleys, a planetary gear set having first, second, and third elements, a first shaft connected to an engine and fixed to primary pulley, a second shaft fixed to secondary pulley, a third shaft fixed to first element, a fourth shaft fixed to second element and selectively connectable to first shaft and a transmission housing, a fifth shaft fixed to third element, a sixth shaft externally gear-meshed with second shaft, and a seventh shaft externally gear-meshed with third shaft and selectively connectable to sixth shaft, wherein first shaft is coaxially superposed with third, fourth, and fifth shafts, second, sixth, and seventh shafts are disposed in parallel with planetary gear set, and second, fifth, and sixth shafts, third and seventh shafts, and seventh shaft and a differential communicate torque through first, second, and third gear sets.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle may include: an input shaft receiving torque of an engine; an output shaft outputting torque and disposed in parallel with the input shaft; a compound planetary gear set having first, second, third, and fourth rotation elements and disposed at a radial external side of the input shaft; a simple planetary gear set having fifth, sixth, and seventh rotation elements and disposed at a radial external side of the output shaft; first to seventh shafts, each fixedly connected at least one among the first to seventh rotation elements; an eighth shaft selectively connectable to the input shaft; and two transfer gear sets operably connecting at least one shaft among the first to eighth shafts to another shaft.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries including 10 to 50% by weight of a cyclic carbonate compound, and 50 to 90% by weight of a linear ester compound, based on the total weight of a non-aqueous solvent, wherein a content of ethyl propionate of the linear ester compound is 20 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous solvent, and a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte and exhibiting superior low-temperature characteristics.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus includes: an input shaft, an output gear; a compound planetary gear set including a first planetary gear set including first, second and third rotation elements, and a second planetary gear set including fourth, fifth and sixth rotation elements; a first shaft fixedly connected with the first rotation element and the fourth rotation element and selectively connected with the input shaft; a second shaft fixedly connected with the fifth rotation element, and selectively connected with the input shaft and a transmission housing; a third shaft fixedly connected with the second rotation element, the sixth rotation element and the output gear; a fourth shaft fixedly connected with the third rotation element; an intermediate shaft; a first gear set transmitting the torque from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft; and a second gear set selectively transmitting the torque from the intermediate shaft to the fourth shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus for a vehicle having an engine and a motor/generator includes: a first input shaft selectively connected with a motor/generator; second and third input shafts disposed coaxially with the first input shaft, and selectively connected with the motor/generator; a torque mediating shaft disposed coaxially with the second input shaft; an intermediate shaft in parallel with the first input shaft; an idle shaft in parallel with the first input shaft, and selectively connected with a transmission housing; a first shifting section including four gear sets, receiving torque through the first and second input shafts, and providing intermediate shift-stages; and a second shifting section including a planetary gear set, forming an output torque by combination of torques from the first shifting section and the third input shaft, and outputting the output torque to the output shaft.