Abstract: A transistor. In some embodiments, the transistor includes a first superconducting source-drain, a second superconducting source-drain, a graphene channel including at least a portion of a graphene sheet, and a conductive gate. The first superconducting source-drain, the second superconducting source-drain, and the graphene channel together form a Josephson junction having a critical current. The graphene channel forms a current path between the first superconducting source-drain and the second superconducting source-drain. The conductive gate is configured, upon application of a electric field across the conductive gate and the graphene channel by applying a voltage, to modify the critical current.

Abstract: An amplifier. In some embodiments, the amplifier includes a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency, a pump input, a signal input, and a signal output. The resonant circuit may include a Josephson junction connected to the pump input, the Josephson junction being a superconducting-normal-superconducting junction having two superconducting terminals and being configured to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit based on a signal received at the pump input.

Abstract: A method for classifying images of oligolayer exfoliation attempts. In some embodiments, the method includes forming a micrograph of a surface, and classifying the micrograph into one of a plurality of categories. The categories may include a first category, consisting of micrographs including at least one oligolayer flake, and a second category, consisting of micrographs including no oligolayer flakes, the classifying comprising classifying the micrograph with a neural network.

Abstract: A photon detector including a graphene-insulating-superconducting junction configured as a temperature sensor. Photons are absorbed by the graphene sheet of the graphene-insulating-superconducting junction, each absorbed photon causing a temporary increase in the temperature of the graphene sheet, and a corresponding change in the differential impedance of the graphene-insulating-superconducting junction. The graphene-insulating-superconducting junction is part of a resonant circuit connected as a shunt load between a radio frequency input transmission line and a radio frequency output transmission line. The transmission S-parameter from input to output is affected by the impedance of the resonant circuit which in turn is affected by the differential impedance of the graphene-insulating-superconducting junction, and therefore by the temperature of the graphene sheet.

Abstract: There is disclosed a target pointing system for use in graphical user interface. The system provides a fan-shaped area cursor with a variable spanning angle, a variable range for capturing target items on the user interface and/or a variable orientation. The spanning angle of the area cursor ranges from >0° but <360°. The spanning angle, the range of the area cursor for acquiring target items and/or the orientation of the area cursor is dependent on velocity of movement of the area cursor.

Abstract: A battery cell for an electric vehicle battery pack can include a housing and a gasket. The housing can define a sidewall of the battery cell that extends between an open end of the housing and a closed end of the housing. The open end of the housing can include an uneven rim pattern having a plurality of peak regions and a plurality of valley regions to define a plurality of tabs. The plurality of peak regions can engage the gasket to seal the housing with the gasket. Each of the plurality of tabs can define a respective flat crimped area. Each flat crimped area can have a surface area between one square millimeter and five square millimeters. At least one of the flat crimped areas can provide a surface for bonding with a wire.

Abstract: A transistor. In some embodiments, the transistor includes a first superconducting source-drain, a second superconducting source-drain, a graphene channel including at least a portion of a graphene sheet, and a conductive gate. The first superconducting source-drain, the second superconducting source-drain, and the graphene channel together form a Josephson junction having a critical current. The graphene channel forms a current path between the first superconducting source-drain and the second superconducting source-drain. The conductive gate is configured, upon application of a electric field across the conductive gate and the graphene channel by applying a voltage, to modify the critical current.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the detection, analysis, and identification of realistic human body and limb movements during sports actions for multiple uses comprises collecting the health information of the move, using the moves as a training and monitoring techniques in live usage settings, and as inputs to simulators and video game environments. At least one body-worn sensor transmits values wirelessly to a computing device that records the moves and calculates the health statistics then uses a machine-learning algorithm to analyze and identify the moves. These algorithms then output information and can simulate realistic moves, identify how far from these realistic moves the actual move is, and apply these moves to an electronic game. These algorithms, through various techniques, can distinguish movements, identify many different fine-grain movements, and enforce the full completion of these moves before registering them, thus preventing cheating in a realistic gaming scenario.

Abstract: A bolometer. In one embodiment a graphene sheet is configured to absorb electromagnetic waves. The graphene sheet has two contacts connected to an amplifier, and a power detector connected to the amplifier. Electromagnetic power in the evanescent electromagnetic waves is absorbed in the graphene sheet, heating the graphene sheet. The power of Johnson noise generated at the contacts is proportional to the temperature of the graphene sheet. The Johnson noise is amplified and the power in the Johnson noise is used as a measure of the temperature of the graphene sheet, and of the amount of electromagnetic wave power absorbed by the graphene sheet.

Abstract: A card that includes an electrically non-conductive substrate and a plurality of conductive points disposed on a bottom surface of the non-conductive substrate. The conductive points are connected with a coupling point disposed on a top surface of the substrate through vias that extend through the substrate. The conductive points form a pattern that represents an identification of the card and activate locations on a touchscreen of an electronic device. At least three of the conductive points form a predetermined shape such that the electronic device determines a location and an orientation of the card when the card is placed on the touchscreen of the electronic device.

Abstract: A photon detector including a graphene-insulating-superconducting junction configured as a temperature sensor. Photons are absorbed by the graphene sheet of the graphene-insulating-superconducting junction, each absorbed photon causing a temporary increase in the temperature of the graphene sheet, and a corresponding change in the differential impedance of the graphene-insulating-superconducting junction. The graphene-insulating-superconducting junction is part of a resonant circuit connected as a shunt load between a radio frequency input transmission line and a radio frequency output transmission line. The transmission S-parameter from input to output is affected by the impedance of the resonant circuit which in turn is affected by the differential impedance of the graphene-insulating-superconducting junction, and therefore by the temperature of the graphene sheet.

Abstract: A card that includes an electrically non-conductive substrate and a plurality of conductive points disposed on a bottom surface of the non-conductive substrate. The conductive points are connected with a coupling point disposed on a top surface of the substrate through vias that extend through the substrate. The conductive points form a pattern that represents an identification of the card and activate locations on a touchscreen of an electronic device. At least three of the conductive points form a predetermined shape such that the electronic device determines a location and an orientation of the card when the card is placed on the touchscreen of the electronic device.

Abstract: A bolometer. In one embodiment a graphene sheet is configured to absorb electromagnetic waves. The graphene sheet has two contacts connected to an amplifier, and a power detector connected to the amplifier. Electromagnetic power in the evanescent electromagnetic waves is absorbed in the graphene sheet, heating the graphene sheet. The power of Johnson noise generated at the contacts is proportional to the temperature of the graphene sheet. The Johnson noise is amplified and the power in the Johnson noise is used as a measure of the temperature of the graphene sheet, and of the amount of electromagnetic wave power absorbed by the graphene sheet.

Abstract: A bolometer. In one embodiment a graphene sheet is configured to absorb electromagnetic waves. The graphene sheet has two contacts connected to an amplifier, and a power detector connected to the amplifier. Electromagnetic power in the evanescent electromagnetic waves is absorbed in the graphene sheet, heating the graphene sheet. The power of Johnson noise generated at the contacts is proportional to the temperature of the graphene sheet. The Johnson noise is amplified and the power in the Johnson noise is used as a measure of the temperature of the graphene sheet, and of the amount of electromagnetic wave power absorbed by the graphene sheet.

Abstract: A detector for detecting single photons of infrared radiation. In one embodiment a waveguide configured to transmit infrared radiation is arranged to be adjacent a graphene sheet and configured so that evanescent waves from the waveguide overlap the graphene sheet. The graphene sheet has two contacts connected to an amplifier, a power detector, and a pulse detector. An infrared photon absorbed by the graphene sheet from the evanescent waves heats the graphene sheet, which increases the Johnson noise generated at the contacts. The Johnson noise is amplified and the absorption of a photon is detected by the power detector and pulse detector.

Abstract: An infrared bolometer. In one embodiment a waveguide configured to transmit infrared radiation is arranged to be adjacent a graphene sheet and configured so that evanescent waves from the waveguide overlap the graphene sheet. The graphene sheet has two contacts connected to an amplifier, and a power detector connected to the amplifier. Infrared electromagnetic power in the evanescent waves is absorbed in the graphene sheet, heating the graphene sheet. The power of Johnson noise generated at the contacts is proportional to the temperature of the graphene sheet. The Johnson noise is amplified and the power in the Johnson noise is used as a measure of the temperature of the graphene sheet, and of the amount of infrared power propagating in the waveguide.

Abstract: A bolometer. In one embodiment a graphene sheet is configured to absorb electromagnetic waves. The graphene sheet has two contacts connected to an amplifier, and a power detector connected to the amplifier. Electromagnetic power in the evanescent electromagnetic waves is absorbed in the graphene sheet, heating the graphene sheet. The power of Johnson noise generated at the contacts is proportional to the temperature of the graphene sheet. The Johnson noise is amplified and the power in the Johnson noise is used as a measure of the temperature of the graphene sheet, and of the amount of electromagnetic wave power absorbed by the graphene sheet.