Abstract: A probe is made by attaching a carbon nanotube 12 to a mounting base end 13, which eliminates the effects of a carbon contamination film, to increase the bonding strength, increase the conductivity of the probe, and strengthen the bonding performance thereof by coating the entire circumference of the nanotube and the base with a coating film, rather than coating just one side. The work of mounting the carbon nanotube and mounting base end are performed under observation by a microscope. Further, the carbon contamination film 14 formed by an electron microscope is stripped off at a stage before bonding by the coating film.

Abstract: An amorphous carbon layer sticking on a carbon nanotube surface is remarkably reduced when a carbon nanotube is joined to a conductive substrate by bringing a single fibrous carbonaceous material in contact with the tip of the conductive substrate and covering at least a part of the contact portion with a conductive material while at lest either of the fibrous carbonaceous material or the conductive substrate is heated in a vacuum.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to enable the optical axis of an electron beam of a field emission electron gun mounting thereon an electron gun composed of a fibrous carbon material to be adjusted easily. Moreover, it is also to obtain an electron beam whose energy spread is narrower than that of the electron gun. Further, it is also to provide a high resolution electron beam applied device mounting thereon the field emission electron gun. The means for achieving the objects of the present invention is in that the fibrous carbon material is coated with a material having a band gap, in the field emission electron gun including an electron source composed of a fibrous carbon material and an electrically conductive base material for supporting the fibrous carbon material, an extractor for field-emitting electrons, and an accelerator for accelerating the electrons. Moreover, it is also to apply the field emission electron gun to various kinds of electron beam applied devices.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an easy-to-manufacture electromagnetic wave absorption material usable from submillimeter wave region to millimeter wave region with an excellent radio wave absorbing performance and a variety of usage thereof. The present invention is characterized by an electromagnetic wave absorption material comprised of a dispersions of at least one of the materials: a multi-layer hollow globule of carbon, a schungite carbon, and the schungite ore; mixed into a matter having a high electrical resistivity. The invention is further characterized by an electronic device, an optical transmission module, an optical reception module, a high frequency telecommunication equipment, and a stop-free automated tollgate system, wherein at least a part of their board, electronic element, and circuit wiring are covered with said electromagnetic wave absorption material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cantilever having a base fixed to an inspecting apparatus, a beam protruding from the base, and a probe fixed to an end of the beam, wherein: the probe is formed by use of a carbon nanotube; and the probe is fixed by metal layers from at least two directions when the cantilever is operated, the probe protrudes in a direction in which a sample is fixed. It is possible to prevent the probe from warping and suppress image failures during observation of a sample.

Abstract: A method of producing a probe by attaching a carbon nanotube etc. to a mounting base end and bonding it there using a carbon film etc., which method of producing a probe eliminates the effects of a carbon contamination film to increase the bonding strength, increases the conductivity of the probe, and strengthens the bonding performance by coating the entire circumference rather than coating one side, the probe, and a scanning probe microscope are provided. The method of producing a probe is a method of producing a probe comprised of a carbon nanotube 12, a mounting base ends 13 holding this carbon nanotube, and a coating film 17 bonding the carbon nanotube to a mounting base, comprising performing the mounting work of the carbon nanotube and mounting base end under observation by a microscope and stripping off the carbon contamination film 14 formed by an electron microscope at a stage before bonding by the coating film.

Abstract: A field-emission electron gun includes a field-emission cathode including a single fiber-like carbon substance and an electrically-conductive substrate for supporting the substance, an extractor for field-emitting electrons, an accelerating electrode for accelerating the electrons, an extracting power-supply for applying extracting voltage to the extractor, an accelerating power-supply for applying accelerating voltage to the accelerating electrode, and a unit for detecting and monitoring a part of emission current. In this field-emission electron gun, if emission-variation amount has become larger than a predetermined value, the extracting voltage is automatically boosted for a constant length of time, thereby increasing the emission current up to a predetermined value. Further, extracting voltage at the time of boosting the extracting voltage, voltage-boosting time, and the emission current are recorded, then being feed-backed to voltage-boosting conditions for the next-time extracting voltage.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube which shows ferromagnetism without a ferromagnetic metal imparted thereto and also has high thermal stability is provided. The carbon nanotube is characterized by being doped with nitrogen (which differs from carbon in valence electron) such that the doped nitrogen is segregated in a strip form at one end of the carbon nanotube. The thus doped nitrogen causes the carbon nanotube to have a difference in electron density and to show ferromagnetism. The present invention makes it possible to provide a carbon nanotube showing ferromagnetism without the necessity of imparting any magnetic metal thereto.

Abstract: A catalytic material and electrode of the present invention are characterized in that the catalyst carrier constituting the above-mentioned catalytic material and electrode includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, phosphor atoms, and sulfur atoms. Since the cohesion or growth of catalyst grains can hereby be suppressed, it is possible to provide a highly active catalyst, a high-performance electrode, and a high-output-density fuel cell which uses the same.

Abstract: A catalytic material and electrode of the present invention are characterized in that the catalyst carrier constituting the above-mentioned catalytic material and electrode includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, phosphor atoms, and sulfur atoms. Since the cohesion or growth of catalyst grains can hereby be suppressed, it is possible to provide a highly active catalyst, a high-performance electrode, and a high-output-density fuel cell which uses the same.

Abstract: A gene sequence-reading instrument comprising attractive force-generating probes (terminals) each retaining DNA-constituting bases to carbon nanotubes, a detecting part for detecting the attractive force generated between the base sequences on RNA having gene information and said attractive force-generating probes as distortion, an amplifying part for amplifying said distortion, a recording part for recording the distortion signal from said amplifying part, and a display part for displaying base sequences of RNA based on the information recorded in said recording part.

Abstract: A field emission electron gun has a field emission cathode composed of a carbon fiber and a conductive base for supporting the carbon fiber, an extractor for causing the field emission of electrons, and an accelerator for accelerating the electrons. The carbon fiber contains at least one of trivalent and pentavalent elements. In particular, the trivalent and pentavalent elements are boron and/or nitrogen. The content of at least one of boron and nitrogen in the carbon fiber is 0.1% to 5% at an atomic weight ratio of the contained element to carbon. The diameter of the carbon fiber is 20 nm to 200 nm. Such an electron gun can have a high-brightness electron beam with a narrow energy width. The field emission electron gun is applied to various electron beam apparatus.

Abstract: A field-emission electron gun includes a field-emission cathode including a single fiber-like carbon substance and an electrically-conductive substrate for supporting the substance, an extractor for field-emitting electrons, an accelerating electrode for accelerating the electrons, an extracting power-supply for applying extracting voltage to the extractor, an accelerating power-supply for applying accelerating voltage to the accelerating electrode, and a unit for detecting and monitoring a part of emission current. In this field-emission electron gun, if emission-variation amount has become larger than a predetermined value, the extracting voltage is automatically boosted for a constant length of time, thereby increasing the emission current up to a predetermined value. Further, extracting voltage at the time of boosting the extracting voltage, voltage-boosting time, and the emission current are recorded, then being feed-backed to voltage-boosting conditions for the next-time extracting voltage.

Abstract: A high reliability emission source is constructed to secure the ohmic contact between a carbon nanotube and an electrically conductive base material, so as to ensure sufficient joining strength, and to provide for easy beam shaft adjustment. An electron microscope for realizing high resolution, high brightness, a reduction in sample damage due to a reduction in acceleration voltage, a reduction in cost and compactness, and an electron beam drawing device for realizing high definition, high efficiency, a reduction in cost and compactness in comparison with the conventional device, is achieved by using this high reliability emission source. In the emission source, the carbon nanotube is attached to the tip central portion of the electrically conductive base material through an electrically conductive joining material or an organic material by carbonization-processing the organic material by heat treatment, or by diffusive joining.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube which shows ferromagnetism without a ferromagnetic metal imparted thereto and also has high thermal stability is provided. The carbon nanotube is characterized by being doped with nitrogen (which differs from carbon in valence electron) such that the doped nitrogen is segregated in a strip form at one end of the carbon nanotube. The thus doped nitrogen causes the carbon nanotube to have a difference in electron density and to show ferromagnetism. The present invention makes it possible to provide a carbon nanotube showing ferromagnetism without the necessity of imparting any magnetic metal thereto.

Abstract: A catalytic material and electrode of the present invention are characterized in that the catalyst carrier constituting the above-mentioned catalytic material and electrode includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, phosphor atoms, and sulfur atoms. Since the cohesion or growth of catalyst grains can hereby be suppressed, it is possible to provide a highly active catalyst, a high-performance electrode, and a high-output-density fuel cell which uses the same.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube which exhibits ferromagnetism without a ferromagnetic metal imparted thereto and also has high thermal stability is provided. The carbon nanotube is characterized by being doped with nitrogen (which differs from carbon in valence electron) such that the doped nitrogen is segregated in a strip form at one end of the carbon nanotube. The thus doped nitrogen causes the carbon nanotube to have a difference in electron density and to exhibit ferromagnetism. The present invention makes it possible to provide a carbon nanotube exhibiting ferromagnetism without the necessity of imparting any magnetic metal thereto.

Abstract: The method by which a small amount of gaseous organic metal is loaded in a vacuum atmosphere, the gaseous organic metal is decomposed by irradiation with an electron beam, and metal components are deposited on a beam-irradiated portion has the problem that the deposited portion is rendered amorphous by hydrocarbon contamination, so that the conductivity and strength of the deposit considerably deteriorate. The invention solves the problem by a method by which the gaseous organic metal is decomposed by irradiation with the electron beam and the metal components are deposited on the beam-irradiated portion, wherein the deposited portion is irradiated with a laser, heated by a heater, or irradiated with infrared rays during deposition, thereby allowing the molding of a crystalline metal deposit with excellent conductivity and strength.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an easy-to-manufacture electromagnetic wave absorption material usable from submillimeter wave region to millimeter wave region with an excellent radio wave absorbing performance and a variety of usage thereof. The present invention is characterized by an electromagnetic wave absorption material comprised of a dispersions of at least one of the materials: a multi-layer hollow globule of carbon, a schungite carbon, and the schungite ore; mixed into a matter having a high electrical resistivity. The invention is further characterized by an electronic device, an optical transmission module, an optical reception module, a high frequency telecommunication equipment, and a stop-free automated tollgate system, wherein at least a part of their board, electronic element, and circuit wiring are covered with said electromagnetic wave absorption material.

Abstract: The disclosure is concerned with an electron microscope comprising a casing for encasing an assembly and a display disposed to the casing. The assembly comprises a vacuum container, a vacuum pump for evacuating the vacuum container, an electron emitter disposed at the upper position of the vacuum vessel, a sample chamber disposed at the lower position of the vacuum container and capable of projecting from the casing and a detector for detecting an electron beam emitted from a sample placed in the sample chamber.