Abstract: A standard calibration solution includes water, a non-alcoholic solvent that is mixed with water, and a steroid hormone, and a content of the non-alcoholic solvent is 10% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less. The standard calibration solution is used for quantitative measurement using a mass spectrometry device.

Abstract: In an antimicrobial substrate, a cured material of a binder containing a copper compound and a polymerization initiator is fixed onto a surface of a base material. At least a part of the copper compound is exposed on a surface of the cured material of the binder.

Abstract: A phase difference error detecting unit detects a phase difference error component included in a phase difference component; a phase difference correcting unit corrects a first signal having the phase difference component as an angle of a cosine function and a second signal whose angle of the cosine function differs from that of the first signal by approximately ?/2 based on the detected phase difference error component; a phase operating unit operates a phase difference component from the first signal and the second signal corrected by the phase difference correcting unit; and the phase difference correcting unit obtains the corrected first signal and the corrected second signal by rotating a coordinate point represented by the first signal and the second signal on a polar coordinate plane by an angle corresponding to the phase difference error component.

Abstract: When bnt denotes the length adjustment amount of a front edge portion of an nT recording mark (n: integer, T: channel clock length) and cnT denotes the length adjustment amount of a rear edge portion thereof with respect to a channel clock reference, d denotes a minimum value of n and k denotes a maximum value of n, the length adjustment amount bdT of a front edge portion of a shortest recording mark dT, the length adjustment amount cdT of a rear edge portion of the shortest recording mark dT, the length adjustment amount bkT of a front edge portion of a longest recording mark kT and the length adjustment amount ckT of a rear edge portion of the longest recording mark dT satisfy bdT+cdT>bkT+ckT.

Abstract: The laser light source, the PBS, and the reference light mirror are arranged in such a manner as to simultaneously satisfy Lsig+LBS?s (Lld/m) (s: positive integer, m: positive integer), Lref+LBS?t (Lld/m) (t: positive integer), and u(Lld/m)?(?L/2)?Lsig?Lref?u(Lld/m)+(?L/2) (u: integer), where Lld represents an in-vacuum internal resonator length of the laser light source, LBS represents an in-vacuum-converted optical path length of a laser beam between the emission end surface of the laser light source and the PBS, Lsig represents an in-vacuum-converted optical path length of signal light between the PBS and the reflecting unit of the optical disk, Lref represents an in-vacuum-converted optical path length of reference light between the PBS and the reference light mirror, and ?L represents an interference permissible optical path length of the laser beam.

Abstract: The laser light source, the PBS, and the reference light mirror are arranged in such a manner as to simultaneously satisfy Lsig+LBS?s (Lld/m) (s: positive integer, m: positive integer), Lref+LBS?t (Lld/m) (t: positive integer), and u(Lld/m)?(?L/2)?Lsig?Lref?u(Lld/m)+(?L/2) (u: integer), where Lld represents an in-vacuum internal resonator length of the laser light source, LBS represents an in-vacuum-converted optical path length of a laser beam between the emission end surface of the laser light source and the PBS, Lsig represents an in-vacuum-converted optical path length of signal light between the PBS, Lsig and the reflecting unit of the optical disk, Lref represents an in-vacuum-converted optical path length of reference light between the PBS and the reference light mirror, and ?L represents an interference permissible optical path length of the laser beam.

Abstract: A phase difference error detecting unit detects a phase difference error component included in a phase difference component; a phase difference correcting unit corrects a first signal having the phase difference component as an angle of a cosine function and a second signal whose angle of the cosine function differs from that of the first signal by approximately ?/2 based on the detected phase difference error component; a phase operating unit operates a phase difference component from the first signal and the second signal corrected by the phase difference correcting unit; and the phase difference correcting unit obtains the corrected first signal and the corrected second signal by rotating a coordinate point represented by the first signal and the second signal on a polar coordinate plane by an angle corresponding to the phase difference error component.

Abstract: When ld0 denotes an initial optical path length that is a length of an optical path, along which the signal light travels, as converted using a refractive index in vacuum, lm0 denotes an initial optical path length that is a length of an optical path, along which the reference light travels, as converted using a refractive index in vacuum, ?l denotes a fluctuation width of a difference in optical path lengths between the signal light and the reference light as converted using a refractive index in vacuum, ?0 denotes a central oscillation wavelength of the wavelength-variable laser, and ?? denotes an oscillation wavelength variable range of the wavelength-variable laser, then an initial optical path difference |ld0?lm0| satisfies |ld0?lm0|>(?l/??)?0.

Abstract: When ld0 denotes an initial optical path length that is a length of an optical path, along which the signal light travels, as converted using a refractive index in vacuum, lm0 denotes an initial optical path length that is a length of an optical path, along which the reference light travels, as converted using a refractive index in vacuum, ?l denotes a fluctuation width of a difference in optical path lengths between the signal light and the reference light as converted using a refractive index in vacuum, ?0 denotes a central oscillation wavelength of the wavelength-variable laser, and ?? denotes an oscillation wavelength variable range of the wavelength-variable laser, then an initial optical path difference |ld0?lm0| satisfies |ld0?lm0|>(?l/??)?0.

Abstract: An optical information storage medium according to the present invention has at least one information storage layer. The optical information storage medium has a management area that stores at least one unit containing control information about the optical information storage medium. The control information includes a format number, which provides information about at least a write strategy type and a write pre-compensation type, and a write strategy parameter, which provides information about the magnitude of shift in an edge position, or variation in the pulse width, of a write pulse train to form a recording mark. And the value of the format number changes according to a combination of the write strategy type and the write pre-compensation type.

Abstract: A reproduction signal evaluation method according to the present invention relates to adjustment of an edge portion between a shortest mark and a shortest space in a data sequence including marks and spaces in combination that is recordable on an information recording medium. In a pattern including a shortest mark and a shortest space adjacent before or after the shortest mark, a shift amount of an edge of the shortest mark is obtained from a differential metric calculated regarding one of a first pattern in which a space adjacent to the shortest mark and not adjacent to the shortest space is longer than the shortest space; and a second pattern in which a mark adjacent to the shortest space and not adjacent to the shortest mark is longer than the shortest mark.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measure for getting read/write control information stored within a space of a predetermined size in a format that ensures compatibility with media of a lower order or an older generation even if the size of the read/write control information increases significantly as the storage densities of information storage media rise in the near future. On an information storage medium, a data sequence is writable as a combination of marks and spaces. The medium has at least one information storage layer, which has an information storage area to store information and a control information area for use to perform a read/write operation on the at least one information storage layer. The control information area stores at least one set of control information, which includes a first kind of write pulse information including information to be used as a reference value and a second kind of write pulse information including information to be used as an offset value.

Abstract: A reproduction signal evaluation method according to the present invention relates to adjustment of an edge portion between a shortest mark and a shortest space in a data sequence including marks and spaces in combination that is recordable on an information recording medium. In a pattern including a shortest mark and a shortest space adjacent before or after the shortest mark, a shift amount of an edge of the shortest mark is obtained from a differential metric calculated regarding one of a first pattern in which a space adjacent to the shortest mark and not adjacent to the shortest space is longer than the shortest space; and a second pattern in which a mark adjacent to the shortest space and not adjacent to the shortest mark is longer than the shortest mark.

Abstract: The solid electrolytic capacitor according to the present invention comprises a capacitor element including an anode section, a cathode section, and a dielectric oxide film provided between the anode section and the cathode section. The solid electrolytic capacitor further comprises an anode lead frame connected to the anode section, a cathode lead frame connected to the cathode section, and an exterior resin covering the capacitor element and a part of the anode lead frame and cathode lead frame respectively. The anode section comprises an anode body including a sintered body of a valve action metal, and an average particle diameter of particles of the valve action metal of the anode body is 0.43 ?m or smaller.

Abstract: A reproduction signal evaluation method according to the present invention relates to adjustment of an edge portion between a shortest mark and a shortest space in a data sequence including marks and spaces in combination that is recordable on an information recording medium. In a pattern including a shortest mark and a shortest space adjacent before or after the shortest mark, a shift amount of an edge of the shortest mark is obtained from a differential metric calculated regarding one of a first pattern in which a space adjacent to the shortest mark and not adjacent to the shortest space is longer than the shortest space; and a second pattern in which a mark adjacent to the shortest space and not adjacent to the shortest mark is longer than the shortest mark.

Abstract: An information storage medium according to the present invention has n information storage layers (where n is an integer and n?3), on which data can be written with a laser beam and which are stacked one upon the other. Each of the n storage layers has a test write zone for determining the recording power of the laser beam. When those n layers are counted from the one that is located most distant from the surface of the medium on which the laser beam is incident, there is a bigger radial location difference between the outer peripheral end of the inner one of the test write zones of ith and (i+1)th information storage layers (where i is an integer that satisfies 2?i?n?1) and the inner peripheral end of the other outer test write zone than between the outer peripheral end of the inner one of the test write zones of jth and (j+1)th information storage layers (where j is an integer that satisfies 1?j?i?1) and the inner peripheral end of the other outer test write zone.

Abstract: A writing method according to the present invention is a method for writing a data sequence as a combination of marks and spaces on an information recording medium by condensing a laser beam through a lens. The writing method is characterized in that a cooling pulse for recording a mark that is even shorter than the limit of optical resolution of the laser beam and another cooling pulse for recording a mark that is still longer than the limit of the optical resolution of the laser beam are applied under mutually different conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measure for getting read/write control information stored within a space of a predetermined size in a format that ensures compatibility with media of a lower order or an older generation even if the size of the read/write control information increases significantly as the storage densities of information storage media rise in the near future. On an information storage medium, a data sequence is writable as a combination of marks and spaces. The medium has at least one information storage layer, which has an information storage area to store information and a control information area for use to perform a read/write operation on the at least one information storage layer. The control information area stores at least one set of control information, which includes a first kind of write pulse information including information to be used as a reference value and a second kind of write pulse information including information to be used as an offset value.

Abstract: An information storage medium according to the present invention has n information storage layers (where n is an integer and n?3), on which data can be written with a laser beam and which are stacked one upon the other. Each of the n storage layers has a test write zone for determining the recording power of the laser beam. When those n layers are counted from the one that is located most distant from the surface of the medium on which the laser beam is incident, there is a bigger radial location difference between the outer peripheral end of the inner one of the test write zones of ith and (i+1)th information storage layers (where i is an integer that satisfies 2?i?n?1) and the inner peripheral end of the other outer test write zone than between the outer peripheral end of the inner one of the test write zones of jth and (j+1)th information storage layers (where j is an integer that satisfies 1?j?i?1) and the inner peripheral end of the other outer test write zone.

Abstract: An optical information storage medium according to the present invention has at least one information storage layer. The optical information storage medium has a management area that stores at least one unit containing control information about the optical information storage medium. The control information includes a format number, which provides information about at least a write strategy type and a write pre-compensation type, and a write strategy parameter, which provides information about the magnitude of shift in an edge position, or variation in the pulse width, of a write pulse train to form a recording mark. And the value of the format number changes according to a combination of the write strategy type and the write pre-compensation type.