Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods of compressed air energy storage and electrical power generation are provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided having a magnetic piston within a cylinder and an air chamber at each end of the piston; an electromagnetic coil is operable with the piston to convert an input of electrical power to a first reciprocating movement of the piston sufficient to generate compressed air in the chambers for storage in a compressed air storage reservoir; and the electromagnetic coil is operable with the piston to convert a second reciprocating movement of the piston to an output of electrical power connectable to a power grid, with the second reciprocating movement of the piston generated by bursts of the compressed air from the storage reservoir introduced into the chambers.

Abstract: A method for reducing pulsation in a gas compressor system. The compressor driver (engine or motor) is operated at a modulated engine speed. The average of the modulated speed is selected to achieve a desired pipeline flow. The modulation characteristics are determined to optimally reduce the pulsation response of the compressor system.

Abstract: A method of reducing pulsations in a reciprocating compressor system, the system having nozzles between cylinders and filter bottles of the compressor system, the nozzles attaching at ports of the cylinders and filter bottles. A special insert is designed to be placed in one or more of the nozzle. The insert is generally cylindrical, but has a narrowed throat, a flared inlet end, and a flared outlet end. The insert dimensions, such as the inner diameter of the throat and the distance from the throat to the outlet end are calculated to reduce pulsations as well as provide pressure recovery.

Abstract: An electronic, programmable device for controlling the motion of compressor valve elements, wherein the device receives an incoming signal from a velocity sensor located on a compressor valve; filters, amplifies, and processes the incoming signal by a control algorithm; and responds to the incoming signal by creating an output signal that produces an actuator force that is applied directly to a moving valve element and associated methodology.

Abstract: A method and system for fine-tuning the motion of suction or discharge valves associated with cylinders of a reciprocating gas compressor, such as the large compressors used for natural gas transmission. The valve's primary driving force is conventional, but the valve also uses an electromagnetic coil to sense position of the plate (or other plugging element) and to provide an opposing force prior to impact.

Abstract: A method for reducing pulsation in a gas compressor system. The compressor driver (engine or motor) is operated at a modulated engine speed. The average of the modulated speed is selected to achieve a desired pipeline flow. The modulation characteristics are determined to optimally reduce the pulsation response of the compressor system.

Abstract: A method and system for fine-tuning the motion of suction or discharge valves associated with cylinders of a reciprocating gas compressor, such as the large compressors used for natural gas transmission. The valve's primary driving force is conventional, but the valve also uses an electromagnetic coil to sense position of the plate (or other plugging element) and to provide an opposing force prior to impact.

Abstract: A single wheel radial flow gas turbine having a single rotating wheel and a stationary shroud. The wheel has a radial flow compressor section at its inner portion and a turbine section at its outer portion. The compressor and turbine sections are located on the same side of the wheel, which is directly or indirectly coupled to a generator for absorbing the excess rotational energy. A radial flow combustor section and a nozzle section are mounted on the stationary shroud. Air flows radially through the compressor, combustor, nozzle, and turbine sections; there is essentially no axial flow component. Optionally, water may be injected radially downstream from the fuel injectors for power augmentation, NOx reduction, and metal temperature moderation.

Abstract: The invention concerns pentene derivatives of the general formula (I), in which, independently of each other, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 5 C-atoms, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a CHR.sup.5 R.sup.6 group (R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 being hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 6 C-atoms) and X is a CO or CHOH group, with the provision that (a) at least one of the groups R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is an alkyl group and (b) 2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-4-penten-1-ol is excluded. Such compounds are odoriferous substances with interesting fragrances and high diffusion power.

Abstract: The isomeric 11-oxa-tricyclo[7.3.0.0.sup.2,6 ]dodecene derivatives proposed are valuable new odoriferous substances characterized by their different nuances of intense woody notes and extremely high persistence. They can be mixed with each other, or with other odoriferous substances, in widely varying proportions to give new perfume compositions, generally containing between 1 and 50% by wt., relative to tile weight of the whole composition, of the derivatives proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the stereo-selective preparation of 8.alpha.,12-oxido-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane by dehydration of 8.alpha.,12-dihydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane with acid-charged aluminium oxides.

Abstract: A process for the production of sclareolide from sclareol comprising the steps ofA) oxidatively degrading sclareol to a reaction product which is one or both of the following compounds: ##STR1## using either a hypochlorite salt in the presence of a ruthenium salt or potassium permanganate, andB) oxidizing the above reaction product with a peracid or salt thereof to form sclareolide.The above process results in good yields and much shorter reaction times than prior art processes.

Abstract: Certain trimethylbicylo-[4.3.0]-nonane derivatives, particularly those having a single acetyl substituent on the six membered ring, are novel compounds useful as perfumes to give highly persistent iris butter, methyl ionone, tobacco, and wood odor notes.

Abstract: Isomeric formyl trimethylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-enes, their use as perfumes, and a process for their preparation comprising a Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein with either 1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene, 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene, 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-cyclohex-1-ene or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: 2-Alkylidene-3,3,5(3,5,5)-trimethylcyclopentanones corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in which three of the substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are CH.sub.3, one of the substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is H, and R.sub.5 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl radical, and the double bond is in the endo position to the cyclopentanone structure. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as perfumes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use as perfumes of 1-alkyl/alkenyl cyclohexan-1-ols corresponding to the general formula ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, 0 to 3 of the 10 substituents R' are methyl and the balance of the 10 substituents R' are hydrogen, in compositions containing active chlorine, and perfumed compositions so obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use as perfumes of tertiary, alkyl-substituted alcohols corresponding to the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are individually each a C.sub.1-3 alkyl and R.sup.3 is a C.sub.4-9 alkyl, in compositions containing active chlorine, and to such compositions themselves.

Abstract: The invention relates to isomeric 1-alkyl/alkenyl-2,2,4(2,4,4)-trimethyl cyclopentan-1-ols corresponding to general formulae I a/b below ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.2-5 alkyl or a C.sub.3-5 alkenyl; the use of compounds of the same formula in which R is C.sub.1-5 alkyl or C.sub.2-5 alkenyl as perfumes in compositions containing active chlorine or capable of generating active chlorine; and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: This invention is directed to oxaspirododecane derivatives, the preparation thereof, and perfume compositions containing same.

Abstract: Methyl pentanoic acid esters corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an olefinically unsaturated, straight-chain or branched-chain or carbocyclic hydrocarbon group, a phenyl or alkyl substituted phenyl group, a phenyl substituted alkyl group, or a phenyl substituted alkenyl group, wherein R contains from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, are valuable perfumes having strong, generally vegetably odor notes and outstanding persistence. They are produced by esterifying 2-methyl pentanoic acid with an unsaturated or carbocyclic alcohol or phenol containing radicals R corresponding to the general formula.The compounds can be effectively combined with other perfumes and standard perfume ingredients to form new compositions. The methyl pentanoic acid ester content thereof generally amounts to between about 1 and about 50% by weight.