Abstract: Redox flow battery including a cell assembly and a tank device for receiving electrolyte, the cell assembly including a plurality of cells, and the battery including at least one measuring device for determining an electrolyte property, including at least one measuring cell, the at least one measuring cell including at least one connection for supplying electrolyte, at least one connection for discharging electrolyte and a channel, which is connected to one of the electrolyte circuits in such a way that during a circulation of the electrolyte, the electrolyte flows through the channel, and the channel including a first section and a second section, the cross section of the first section being smaller than the cross section of the second section, and the connection for discharging electrolyte being connected to the first section by a connection line and the connection for supplying electrolyte being connected to the second section by a connection line.

Abstract: A redox-flow battery includes a cell arrangement and a tank device for holding electrolyte. The battery includes a measuring device for determining an open circuit voltage and a circulating module, and the measuring device for determining an open circuit voltage includes at least one measuring cell and at least four connections. One connection is provided for the supply of anolyte, one connection for the removal of anolyte, one connection for the supply of catholyte, and one connection for the removal of catholyte. The circulating module includes at least one pump head and at least two pump impellers, and the at least one measuring cell is integrated into the pump head. A connection of the measuring device is connected to a pressure side of a pump impeller, and the associated connecting line is integrated in the pump head.

Abstract: A method for transferring sediment in a body of water, a discharge element being situated in the body of water, which is connected to a hydroelectric power station by a connecting line in such a way that water may flow through the connecting line, and a device for providing a sediment/water mixture into the connecting line, and the device including a monitor for monitoring the sediment concentration in the provided sediment/water mixture, and a controller connected to the device to control the quantity of the sediment contained in the sediment/water mixture, and the method including: taking sediment; transferring sediment to the device for providing a sediment/water mixture; introducing the sediment/water mixture into the connecting line, the controller activating the device in such a way that the sediment quantity introduced per time interval does not exceed a predefined maximally permissible quantity, the maximally permissible sediment quantity depending on the instantaneous operating mode of the hydroelect

Abstract: An electric arc furnace has a safety device (3) connected to an earthed peripheral device. An earth cable (4) is provided to the peripheral device of the arc furnace (2). An ammeter (6) measures the current across the earth cable (4). A circuit breaker (8) in the earth cable (4) has a tripping time of less than 100 ms.

Abstract: A method for controlling a melt process in an arc furnace, including a signal processing component, program code, and data medium for performing the method. Sound signals or vibrations from the interior of the furnace container are captured by solid-borne sound sensors, from which characteristic values can be derived representing the distribution of melting material, melt, and slag in the furnace fill. A characteristic values are generated in priority sequence for: thermal radiation impinging on the furnace wall of the container, the lumpiness of the melting material in the volume of furnace fill, and the change to the portion of solid melting material contacting the furnace wall. The energy distribution at the electrodes is chanced by a control system based on the characteristic values in priority sequence, such that thermal load peaks are dampened or even completely prevented.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace (2) and to a method for operating an electric arc furnace having at least one electrode (4a, 4b, 4c) for generating an electric arc (6a, 6b, 6c), in which the desired value of the current (I) guided to the electrode (4a, 4b, 4c) oscillates about a predetermined base value (I0).

Abstract: In a method for operating an arc furnace (2) with at least one electrode (3a, 3b, 3c), a solid material fed to the arc furnace (1) is melted by an arc (1) formed by the at least one electrode (3a, 3b, 3c). A measurement (MM) for the mass of one part of the solid material arranged on a boundary (2) of the arc furnace (1) is determined, and using the determined measurement (MM), a process variable of the arc furnace (1) is controlled and/or regulated. A method which can reduce the risk of electrode damage caused by metal scraps falling into the treated area is provided.

Abstract: A material is melted in an arc furnace by a plasma arc produced by at least one electrode. The plasma arc is regulated by one or more additional substances which influence the plasma composition introduced into the plasma, increasing the efficiency and output of the arc furnace.

Abstract: In a method for determining the size and shape value (M) for a solid material (S), in particular scrap metal, in an arc furnace (1), an electrode flow fed to an electrode (3a, 3b, 3c) for forming an arc furnace (L) between the electrode (3a, 3b, 3c) and the solid (S) is measured (30) and from the measured electrode flow (I (t)), an effective measurement value of the electrode flow is determined (31) and from the measured electrode flow (I (t)) (32), a flow part associated with a frequency range of the measured electrode flow is determined (32), and a quotient of the flow part and an effective measurement value is formed as a measurement of the shape and size value of the flow (M). Thus, a method is provided that enables a property of a fusible element introduced into one of the arc furnaces to be determined.

Abstract: In a method, a variable characterising an operational state of an electrode of an arc furnace can be determined. An electrode flow guided to the electrode is detected in the method and the structure-borne noise oscillations are detected. From the detected electrode flow, a flow evaluation signal associated with the frequency range of the detected electrode flow is determined. From the detected structure-borne noise oscillations, an oscillation evaluation signal that is associated with a frequency range of the detected structure-borne noise oscillations is detected and a quotient from the oscillation evaluation signal and the flow evaluation signal is formed as a radiation measurement for at least one frequency common to the detected electrode flow and the detected structure-borne noise oscillation.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace, signal processing device, storage medium, machine-readable program code, and method for determining a time for charging (e.g., recharging) an electric arc furnace with material to be melted (e.g., scrap) are provided. The electric arc furnace may include electrode(s) for heating material inside the electric arc furnace by an electric arc. By detecting a signal for determining a phase state of an electric arc root on the side of the material to be melted based on a captured electrode current, by checking whether the signal exceeds a predetermined threshold value for a predetermined minimum duration, and by ensuring that the charging time is reached at the earliest when the signal exceeds the predetermined minimum duration threshold value, a state-oriented charging time for an electric arc furnace can be determined to reduce energy use, resource use, and production time for a production cycle to reach a tap weight.

Abstract: An arc furnace, a control and/or regulating device for an arc furnace, and a method for operating an arc furnace are provided, wherein an arc for melting metal is generated by at least one electrode, wherein an arc associated with the electrode(s) has a first radiation power based on preselected operating parameters, wherein the arc furnace is operated according to a predefined operating program based on an expected process sequence, wherein monitoring is performed to detect whether an undesirable deviation exists between the actual process sequence and the expected process sequence. Because a modified second radiation power is specified if a deviation is present, and a modified second set of operating parameters, e.g., impedance value(s), is determined based on the modified second radiation power, a method is provided that permits a minimal melting time while minimizing consumption of operating resources, e.g., with respect to arc furnace cooling.

Abstract: A method for controlling a melt process in an arc furnace and signal processing component, program code, and data medium for performing said method are provided. According to the method, sound signals or vibrations from the interior of the furnace container are captured by solid-borne sound sensors, from which characteristic values can be derived for the distribution of melting material, melt, and slag in the furnace fill. A characteristic value SM for thermal radiation impinging on the furnace wall of the container, a characteristic value M for the lumpiness of the melting material in the volume of furnace fill, and a characteristic value MM for the change to the portion of solid melting material contacting the furnace wall are generated in priority sequence. The energy distribution at the electrodes is changed by a control system analyzing the characteristic values in priority sequence, such that thermal load peaks are dampened or even completely prevented.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the operation of an underwater powerplant comprising a water turbine for purposes of absorbing kinetic energy from a flow of water; an electrical generator with converter feed, whose generator rotor is connected in a torsionally rigid manner with the water turbine, wherein the invention is characterised in that in normal operation a first frequency converter is used for purposes of converter feed, and in the braking operation at least one second frequency converter, or one component of a second frequency converter, is connected into the circuit and synchronised with the first frequency converter, in order to execute with the latter in a combined manner a converter feed to the electrical generator, which generates a generator torque braking the water turbine.

Abstract: In a melting furnace, a vibration inducer is installed on a furnace vessel, a sensor is arranged opposite or at another place on the furnace vessel and a signal recording and calculation unit is connected to the vibration inducer and the sensor. The melting process can be monitored and the progress of melting can be measured by measuring the signals of the vibration inducement after having passed through the interior of the furnace by this sensor and evaluating the signals of the signal recording and calculation unit. Thus, process-controlled, state-oriented regulation of the melting process can be carried out and the electric arc power is optimally matched to the respective state of the melting process. The signal of the sensor is preferably correlated with the excitation signal of the vibration inducer and/or conclusions are drawn about the melting process by combined evaluation of the vibration inducement and the measured vibration.

Abstract: In a method for operating an arc furnace (2) with at least one electrode (3a, 3b, 3c), a solid material fed to the arc furnace (1) is melted by an arc (1) formed by the at least one electrode (3a, 3b, 3c). A measurement (MM) for the mass of one part of the solid material arranged on a boundary (2) of the arc furnace (1) is determined, and using the determined measurement (MM), a process variable of the arc furnace (1) is controlled and/or regulated. A method which can reduce the risk of electrode damage caused by metal scraps falling into the treated area is provided.

Abstract: In a method, a variable characterising an operational state of an electrode of an arc furnace can be determined. An electrode flow guided to the electrode is detected in the method and the structure-borne noise oscillations are detected. From the detected electrode flow, a flow evaluation signal associated with the frequency range of the detected electrode flow is determined. From the detected structure-borne noise oscillations, an oscillation evaluation signal that is associated with a frequency range of the detected structure-borne noise oscillations is detected and a quotient from the oscillation evaluation signal and the flow evaluation signal is formed as a radiation measurement for at least one frequency common to the detected electrode flow and the detected structure-borne noise oscillation.

Abstract: In a method for determining the size and shape value (M) for a solid material (S), in particular scrap metal, in an arc furnace (1), an electrode flow fed to an electrode (3a, 3b, 3c) for forming an arc furnace (L) between the electrode (3a, 3b, 3c) and the solid (S) is measured (30) and from the measured electrode flow (I (t)), an effective measurement value of the electrode flow is determined (31) and from the measured electrode flow (I (t)) (32), a flow part associated with a frequency range of the measured electrode flow is determined (32), and a quotient of the flow part and an effective measurement value is formed as a measurement of the shape and size value of the flow (M). Thus, a method is provided that enables a property of a fusible element introduced into one of the arc furnaces to be determined.

Abstract: The novel method and device provide for process control—closed-loop control or open-loop control—for a thermal system with an obstruction-curved and/or thick-walled component through which a medium flows. The wall temperatures of the component are detected, the heat flux density of the heat flux from the medium into the wall of the component is determined, the respective heat transmission coefficient is determined, using the wall temperatures. The heat flux density, and the heat transmission coefficient thus determined are used to influence the medium properties, with the heat stresses in the component being taken into account.

Abstract: An open-loop and closed-loop control method is described for starting up or shutting down a process component of a technical process. At least one manipulated variable that is fed to the process is formed by a control device and an upstream model-assisted pilot control. The pilot control contains an optimizer and a process model. The optimizer is fed at least one command variable for the technical process. At least one optimized model manipulated variable which the optimizer outputs is fed to a process model of the pilot control and, is added to at least one output variable of the control device to form the manipulated variable. A model output variable of the process model is fed to the control device as a set-point and fed back to the optimizer along with variables which cannot be measured in the technical process. A device for implementing the method is also described.