Abstract: In an air lock for continuous introduction into and/or removal of workpieces from spaces (1,4) separated atmospherically, the individual substrates (3,13) are transported through a transfer channel (24). At least one lock chamber (7a-7m) serving to accommodate the substrates (3,13) is arranged movably in the transfer channel (24). During the substrate transport in the transfer channel (24), the lock chamber (7a-7m) is atmospherically separated both from the exterior (1) having normal pressure and from the coating chamber (4). The air lock (2) includes a carrousel lock which has a carrousel housing (24) and a lock chamber wheel (10). On the periphery in the lock chamber wheel (10) individual lock chambers (7a-7m) are provided, in which the workpieces (3,13) to be brought into the chamber to be loaded (4) are inserted freely accessible on the normal pressure side.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for the coating of substrates (10) with thin films, having a vacuum chamber (1), a target (6) to be atomized, situated opposite the substrate (10) in the vacuum chamber (1), with magnets (19, 19′, 19″; 20, 20′, 20″) to produce a magnetic tunnel in front of the area of the target (6) to be atomized, an inlet (8) for a process gas into the process space (11), an anode (12), which is electrically insulated with respect to the vacuum chamber (1), and a current-voltage supply to produce a plasma in front of the target (6). The target (6) is shaped as a rotation-symmetrical body, which provides a ring-shaped enclosure around the substrate (10), wherein the magnets (19,19′, . . . ; 20,20′, . . . ) are supported on the side of the hollow cylindrical target (6), facing away from the substrate (10), and can move around the rotational axis (R) of the target (6).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for quantitatively determining CD95 ligand, comprising the following processing steps:(a) isolation of total RNA from cells,(b) transcription the total RNA from (a) into cDNA by reverse transcription, and(c) amplification of the cDNA from (b) and a CD95 ligand competitor fragment by CD95 ligand-specific primers in a PCR reaction.The process is suitable for determining the extent and/or course of apoptosis.

Abstract: A shielded module support structure for printed circuit boards 2 can be inserted on guide rail 7 and having electrical or electronic components has two parallel side walls 3 and at least four module rails 4 for bearing the guide rails 7. The module rails are anodized aluminum or an anodized aluminum alloy and have, at the front side, at least one seating surface 12 for one or more front plates 9, to improve electrical conductivity, sections of the module rails 4 are freed from the anodized layer. This can be done by removal of protrusions 18 by processes such as mechanical milling. For improved contacting, resilient contact bands 19 may be snapped onto the rails 4 into engagement with the bared seating surfaces 12. The resilient contact bands include sharp-edged breakouts 22 for conductive engagement with plates 9 for effecting a shielded enclosure about the circuit boards 2.

Abstract: For coating substrates (17,18,20,21,22) in a vacuum-coating chamber (2) the substrates are introduced by an air lock into the coating chamber (2) and moved along a transport path in front of the coating sources (50a,b,c,d) producing a coating cloud. To this end, the substrates (17,18,20,21,22) are led past the coating sources (50a,b,c,d) by means of holding devices (24) arranged movably on a transport belt (9) during at least two successive coating phases. During the one coating phase, the substrates (17,18,20,21,22) are oriented along one transport direction T.sub.3 oriented towards the coating sources (50a,b,c,d) such that essentially the substrate bottom of the cylindrical substrate is coated. During the subsequent second coating phase, the substrates are oriented in front of the coating sources (50a,b,c,d) in a direction T.sub.4 opposite the transport direction T.sub.3, wherein the substrates (17,18,20,21,22) are oriented such that essentially the cylindrical side surface is coated.

Abstract: In a process for mechanically dewatering extracted sugar beet pulp, the dry matter content in the pressed pulp is increased by introducing directly into the pressed pulp layer in the pressing region a suspension of salt or salts of polyvalent ions. An apparatus for this process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A contact element having at least one leaf spring 2,3 has a U-shaped contact means 6, the two U-legs 8,9 of which taper towards their ends and can be elastically deformed with respect to each other. This contact element 1 is introduced into a guide groove 22 of a guide rail 13 of a module support structure or the like. The leaf springs 2,3 thereby contact a printed circuit board which can be inserted into the module support structure and the contact means 6, together with guide rail 13, can be clamped in a positioning hole 15 of a module rail 16 of the module support structure to thereby establish electrical contact with the module rail 16. In this manner, the interfering effect of an anodized layer on the module rail 16 is circumvented.

Abstract: A module support structure is proposed for printed circuit boards which can be inserted on guide rails. The four parallel module rails of the module support structure to which the guide rails are mounted are connected to the two parallel side walls via a special mounting technique. Specially shaped mounting bolts are used with a head bolt having a flat seating surface, a substantially cylindrical threaded shaft, as well as a transition piece disposed between the bolt head and the threaded shaft and tapering in a conical manner towards the threaded shaft. The mounting bolts are fed through cylindrical mounting holes in the module rails. During tightening, the transition piece abuts against the outer edge of the mounting holes to force the module rails against the projections disposed above or below the mounting holes. In this manner, an exact positioning of the module rails relative to the side walls is necessarily effected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions which crosslink to give elastomers, which are based on component (A) comprising polyorganosiloxane (I) having at least two alkenyl groups per molecule, at least one hydroxyl-group-containing compound and a metallic catalyst (V) and component (B) comprising polyorganosiloxane (II) having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms and organic sulfur compound (VI).

Abstract: Proposed is a method for producing an arrangement for converting optical signals into electrical signals, the arrangement comprising a substrate having structures for guiding an optical fiber and for deflecting light transmitted by way of the optical fiber. The structures (11, 12, 13) on the substrate (10) are created through the production of a mold of the contour of a molding tool. A ceramic base material is advisably used as the starting material for the substrate (10). The molding is effected through pressing, injection pressing, slip casting, injection molding or reaction casting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions which crosslink to give elastomers, comprising;(A) a polyorganosiloxane (I) with at least two alkenyl groups per molecule and a metallic catalyst (IV) and(B) a polyorganosiloxane (II) with at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms and an organic sulfur compound (III).

Abstract: A shielded module support structure 1 for printed circuit boards 2 which can be inserted on guide rails 7 and having electrical or electronic components is proposed comprising at least four module rails 4 for mounting the guide rails 7. The printed circuit boards 2 are assembled into plug-in modules 10, each having a front plate 9, wherein the front plates 9 are attached to a threaded-hole-strip using screws, the threaded-hole-strips seating in a groove 11, opening towards the front side of the module support structure 1, in the front module rail 4. In order to assure shielding of the module support structure 1 against interfering radio frequency fields, the front plates 9 are contacted with the module rails 4 using specially formed resilient contact bands 15 which can be snapped onto a seating surface 12 of the module rails 4.

Abstract: Use of topical formulations having a content of one or more compounds from the group consisting of ubiquinones and derivatives thereof for treatment of senile xerosis and/or exogenous ageing of the skin.

Abstract: An optical, beam-splitting component has a prism carrier plate which supports a prism member upon which a deflecting layer is applied. At the same time, the prism member juts into a groove between two optical waveguides carrying the light signals.

Abstract: The APO-1 cellular membrane antigen, an about 50 kDa antigen associated with cellular apoptosis, and purified cDNA encoding same is described. The antigen is expressed by numerous normal and malignant cells, including activated and malignant lymphoid cells. Also disclosed are antibodies which bind the antigen, and which induce growth inhibition and apoptosis.

Abstract: Topical formulations having a content of one compound or several compounds from the group consisting of ubiquinones and derivatives thereof in combination with a content of one compound or several compounds from the group consisting of plastoquinones and derivatives thereof or formulations having a content of one compound or several compounds from the group consisting of plastoquinones and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a holding device (1) by which preferably multilayer cushions inflatable by air pressure can be fixed to a structural member, e.g. for producing a light-permeable and heat-insulating ceiling. For this purpose, the holding device (1) according to the invention comprises one or several piping profiles (4, 5) for receiving a peripheral thickening (42) of the cushions (2, 3). After the peripheral thickening has been fixed, the piping profiles (4, 5) are located in one or several receiving spaces (8, 9) of the supporting profile (6). In order to secure the piping profiles (4, 5) against loss a top profile (7) is fixed to the supporting profile (6).

Abstract: A cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition having an improved feel on the skin containing Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohol mixtures containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms or esters thereof with fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms as oil components, wherein the spreading value of the oil components as determined by the Zeidler method is from about 300 to about 1,000 mm.sup.2 /10 minutes.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for preparing low-chloride aqueous solutions of titanyl nitrate which have a low chloride content, particularly, less than 200 ppm.

Abstract: In the case of the above devices, exact adjustment is very important; however, the devices ought to be very compact. It is not sufficient to utilize the silicon etching technique for the precision. The optical transmitting element (LD) is situated on a first carrier (T1), the optical receiving element (PD) and the transmission fiber (Fa) are situated on a third carrier. Provided in between them is a second carrier (T2) which is transparent to the wavelength of the light emitted by the transmitting element (LD). The carriers are structured by means of anisotropic etching in order to make possible the accommodation of the individual components. In addition, the carriers lie flat on one another and can thus be adjusted. A monitor diode (MD) is provided. Application of the arrangement in all transmission systems having optical waveguides.