Abstract: A process for purifying alicyclic alcohols by distillation, wherein the alicyclic alcohols are distilled in the presence of from 1 to 550 ppm of acidic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3(4),8(9)-dihydroxymethyltricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane by hydrogenating the hydroformylation products of dicyclopentadiene. The process comprises carrying out the hydrogenation in the presence of water, optionally after addition of water.

Abstract: A process for purifying alicyclic alcohols by distillation, wherein the alicyclic alcohols are distilled in the presence of from 1 to 550 ppm of acidic compounds.

Abstract: A separation device for separating sausages at separation points, comprising at least one first separation element and one second separation element, which are driven so as to circulate in opposite directions on circular paths in such a way that, when circulating, they cooperate such that the sausage strand is cut through. The first separation element comprises a first forming element which circulates together therewith and which precedes the first separation element on its circular path, and that the second separation element comprises a second forming element which circulates together therewith and which follows the second separation element on its circular path, with the first and second forming elements holding the sausages to be separated at a desired distance. Through a corresponding method sausages can be separated at separation points and cut.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for filling sausage casings, comprising a filling machine in which the filling material is ejected through a filling tube into a sausage casing, said casing being twisted off after a portion which is representative of an individual sausage has been filled in, so as to form individual sausages, the filled sausage casing being discharged at a speed which is set in dependence upon a set filling-material output characteristic. For obtaining sausages of identical length and volume in a natural casing, the sausage discharge speed is controlled according to the invention in compliance with a function which is applied to the set filling-material output characteristic and comprises charge-dependent parameters, the function simulating the actual filling-material output characteristic.

Abstract: By the use of guanidinium compounds, more specially surface active guanidinium compounds--that is to say guanidinium compounds with an anionically active radical--by themselves or in connection with guanidinium carbonate as auxiliary reagents the hydrogenation of heavy oils may be promoted, there being a greater penetration of the hydrogen into the liquid phase and an activation of normally-used metal hydrogenation catalysts, this making possible a marked decrease in the least reaction pressure, which in the prior art is about 150 bar.

Abstract: Production of lower-molecular-weight hydrocarbons from higher-molecular-weight hydrocarbonaceous material by heating at an elevated temperature in the presences of a guanidinium compound such as guanidinium carbonate, oleate, palmitate stearate or phenolate. The invention is especially applicable to coal liquefaction and gasification.

Abstract: A solar panel having an interior insulated heat storage means, a solar radiation collector wall mounted on a first side of the storage means having a collector surface for exposure to solar radiation and a heat emitter wall mounted on a second side of the heat storage means opposite the first side having an emitter surface for exposure to a space to be heated. The panel further includes a collector fluid conducting path for the conduction of collector fluid around an endless loop from a primary portion where there is heat exchanging contact with the collector wall to a secondary portion where there is heat exchanging contact with an emitter fluid in the interior heat storage means. Emitter fluid is contained within an emitter fluid conducting path which moves around an endless loop from a primary portion where there is heat exchanging contact with the collector fluid and the heat storage means to a secondary portion where there is heat exchanging contact with the emitter wall.