Abstract: A control apparatus is used in an onboard system provided to a vehicle. The onboard system includes an internal combustion engine and a power generator. The power generator generates power and supplies the generated power to an electrical load provided to the vehicle. An output torque of the internal combustion engine causes the vehicle to travel and causes the power generator to generate power. Based on a power supply request by the electrical load, the control apparatus controls the output torque of the internal combustion engine. In response to the output torque being increased based on the power supply request, the control apparatus causes the power generator to generate the power by the output torque, while restricting generated power during an initial period when the output torque is being increased.

Abstract: This positive electrode includes: a positive electrode current collector; a positive electrode mixed material layer that is formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector; and a protective layer which includes an insulating inorganic compound and a conductive material, and is interposed between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode mixed material layer. The protective layer includes secondary particles comprising agglomerated primary particles of the inorganic compound. The median value of the particle size of the secondary particles is 30 ?m or less.

Abstract: A control apparatus sets an upper limit guard value to a base value when the MG provides torque assist to thereby limit the command value for the MG. Then, the control apparatus limits the command value for the MG using the upper limit guard value to limit the output of the MG. If an accelerator opening or the change rate thereof is not less than a predetermined value, the control apparatus corrects the upper limit guard value. The correction is made such that the larger accelerator opening or a larger change rate thereof causes the upper limit guard value to be larger to accomplish higher output. Similarly, if the SOC of the battery is not less than a predetermined value, the control apparatus corrects the upper limit guard value. If the engine speed is not less than a predetermined value, the control apparatus corrects the upper limit guard value.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently producing ferric citrate hydrate with high purity and various specific surface areas. The method for producing modified ferric citrate hydrate includes a step of bringing a solution containing water, citric acid, and ferric citrate as a material into contact with water-soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing is provided for obtaining ferric citrate by a simple drying operation, the ferric citrate having a high purity, a high specific surface area, and a reduced water-soluble organic solvent content. The method of manufacturing ferric citrate, comprises a wet material of ferric citrate, containing the ferric citrate and a water-soluble organic solvent and having a water-soluble organic solvent content within the range of more than 0.3% by mass to 30.0% by mass or less, dried by bringing a gas containing water into contact.

Abstract: A precharge control apparatus starts precharge of a capacitor. The precharge is determined to be completed when a set time has elapsed since a voltage difference between a battery voltage and a capacitor voltage detected by a voltage sensor becomes equal to or less than a set voltage. The set voltage is based on a maximum error obtained by adding maximum values of detection errors of the battery voltage and capacitor voltage by the voltage sensor. The set time is based on a time from when the voltage difference becomes twice the maximum error to when the voltage difference becomes equal to or less than a withstand voltage of a main contactor, under states where the precharge causes the capacitor voltage to increase with a time constant when a resistance value of a resistor and a capacitance of the capacitor each are largest within an allowable error.

Abstract: A control apparatus is used in an onboard system provided to a vehicle. The onboard system includes an internal combustion engine and a power generator. The power generator generates power and supplies the generated power to an electrical load provided to the vehicle. An output torque of the internal combustion engine causes the vehicle to travel and causes the power generator to generate power. Based on a power supply request by the electrical load, the control apparatus controls the output torque of the internal combustion engine. In response to the output torque being increased based on the power supply request, the control apparatus causes the power generator to generate the power by the output torque, while restricting generated power during an initial period when the output torque is being increased.

Abstract: A control apparatus sets an upper limit guard value to a base value when the MG provides torque assist to thereby limit the command value for the MG. Then, the control apparatus limits the command value for the MG using the upper limit guard value to limit the output of the MG. If an accelerator opening or the change rate thereof is not less than a predetermined value, the control apparatus corrects the upper limit guard value. The correction is made such that the larger accelerator opening or a larger change rate thereof causes the upper limit guard value to be larger to accomplish higher output. Similarly, if the SOC of the battery is not less than a predetermined value, the control apparatus corrects the upper limit guard value. If the engine speed is not less than a predetermined value, the control apparatus corrects the upper limit guard value.

Abstract: A radical-polymerizable resin composition comprising one or more metal-containing compounds (A) selected from a metal soap (A1) and a ?-diketone skeleton-containing metal complex (A2); one or more thiol compounds (B) selected from a secondary thiol compound (B1) and a tertiary thiol compound (B2); and a radical-polymerizable compound (C) can stably cure under a dry condition, in water and in seawater and further on a wet substrate. The radical-polymerizable resin composition is useful as a repairing material for inorganic structure, a radical-polymerizable coating composition, a concrete spall preventing curable material, a reinforcing fiber-containing composite material, etc.

Abstract: A radical-polymerizable resin composition comprising one or more metal-containing compounds (A) selected from a metal soap (A1) and a ?-diketone skeleton-containing metal complex (A2); one or more thiol compounds (B) selected from a secondary thiol compound (B1) and a tertiary thiol compound (B2); and a radical-polymerizable compound (C) can stably cure under a dry condition, in water and in seawater and further on a wet substrate. The radical-polymerizable resin composition is useful as a repairing material for inorganic structure, a radical-polymerizable coating composition, a concrete spall preventing curable material, a reinforcing fiber-containing composite material, etc.

Abstract: A receiver is configured to have two coherent receivers using two pieces of local oscillator of optical frequencies f11 and f12 close to optical frequency f1 of signal light, the two pieces of local oscillator being controlled to have a predetermined optical frequency spacing ?F, and a digital signal processor demodulating transmission data signal sequences based on outputs from the coherent receivers. When the frequency difference ?f1 of one of the two pieces of local oscillator from a virtual reference frequency f1? close to the optical frequency f1 of the signal light is set, the digital signal processor obtains the frequency difference ?f2 of the other of the two pieces of local oscillator by calculating ?f1??F, inputs electric signals output from the two coherent receivers, and compensates the phase rotation caused in the electric signals by frequency differences ?f1 and ?f2.

Abstract: A receiver is configured to have two coherent receivers using two pieces of local oscillator of optical frequencies f11 and f12 close to optical frequency f1 of signal light, the two pieces of local oscillator being controlled to have a predetermined optical frequency spacing ?F, and a digital signal processor demodulating transmission data signal sequences based on outputs from the coherent receivers. When the frequency difference ?f1 of one of the two pieces of local oscillator from a virtual reference frequency f1? close to the optical frequency f1 of the signal light is set, the digital signal processor obtains the frequency difference ?f2 of the other of the two pieces of local oscillator by calculating ?f1-?F, inputs electric signals output from the two coherent receivers, and compensates the phase rotation caused in the electric signals by frequency differences ?f1 and ?f2.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle includes, in one example, a motor-generator driven by an engine to generate alternating current, wherein the motor-generator is further configured to start the engine, a motor for driving the vehicle, a diode rectifier to rectify alternating current generated by the motor-generator, an inverter connected to a feed circuit between the diode rectifier and the motor to convert direct current in the feed circuit into alternating current, a power supply connected to a line connecting the diode rectifier with the inverter, a first feed circuit to supply current to the motor to drive the vehicle through the diode rectifier and the inverter in series a second feed circuit to connect the motor-generator with the power supply while bypassing at least the diode rectifier, and an alternating current converter provided in the second feed circuit.

Abstract: A control system and method for a hybrid electric vehicle. One example control system includes a current calculating module to calculate a current, the current being at least one of a current to drive a motor of the vehicle and a current generated by the motor, and a feed controller to selectively implement a first mode when the calculated current is below a predetermined current value and to selectively implement a second mode when the calculated current is more than the predetermined current value, wherein either the first feed circuit or the second feed circuit is used in the first mode and both the first feed circuit and the second feed circuit are used in the second mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery-charging method and apparatus which is designed to improve charging efficiency during charging of a battery using an external power source, without increasing the number of components. The battery-charging method of the present invention comprises the steps of: forming an electric circuit which includes: an alternating-current generator operable to output alternating current, and an external power source; a diode rectifier operable to rectify the alternating current output from the alternating-current generator into a direct current by a diode; and a battery which is chargeable using an output of the alternating-current generator, which are serially connected in this order; and supplying an alternating current fed from the external power source, between the alternating-current generator and the diode rectifier (S4, S1, S5).

Abstract: A control system and method for a hybrid electric vehicle. One example control system includes a current calculating module to calculate a current, the current being at least one of a current to drive a motor of the vehicle and a current generated by the motor, and a feed controller to selectively implement a first mode when the calculated current is below a predetermined current value and to selectively implement a second mode when the calculated current is more than the predetermined current value, wherein either the first feed circuit or the second feed circuit is used in the first mode and both the first feed circuit and the second feed circuit are used in the second mode.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle includes, in one example, a motor-generator driven by an engine to generate alternating current, wherein the motor-generator is further configured to start the engine, a motor for driving the vehicle, a diode rectifier to rectify alternating current generated by the motor-generator, an inverter connected to a feed circuit between the diode rectifier and the motor to convert direct current in the feed circuit into alternating current, a power supply connected to a line connecting the diode rectifier with the inverter, a first feed circuit to supply current to the motor to drive the vehicle through the diode rectifier and the inverter in series a second feed circuit to connect the motor-generator with the power supply while bypassing at least the diode rectifier, and an alternating current converter provided in the second feed circuit.

Abstract: A start-up method of a steam turbine plant including a condenser is disclosed. The condenser includes a tube bundle composed of a number of pipes for condensing an exhaust steam from a steam turbine and a hot well for receiving and storing a condensate therein. The interior of the condenser is airtightly divided into two spaces with a partition therebetween, one of them being an upper space containing the tube bundle and the other one being a lower space containing the hot well. A communication passageway(s) extends between the upper space and the lower space with an isolation valve in the form of a butterfly valve disposed on the communication passageway. At the shut-down of the steam turbine plant, the isolation valve is closed to isolate the upper space from the lower space while the lower space is maintained in vacuum.

Abstract: The liquid crystal apparatus has a segment substrate and a common substrate. Segment electrodes are formed on the segment substrate, while common electrodes are formed on the common substrate. A liquid crystal composition is sealed between the segment and common substrates with a seal member. The segment and common electrodes, the liquid crystal composition and the seal member constitute an elongated shatter portion including light shutters arranged in two rows. Liquid crystal reservoir portions are formed between the substrates and coupled to the shutter portion. The liquid crystal reservoir portions are resilient and thus can be deformed to suppress a change in the pressure applied on the liquid crystal composition due to a change in the volume of the liquid crystal composition. As a result, the formation of bubbles in the shutter portion can be prevented.