Abstract: A read sensor generates front side image information indicating an image on a front side of an object to be read, and front side measurement information indicating a line of an image in a main scanning direction on the front side of a correction chart. A read sensor generates back side image information indicating an image on a back side of the object to be read, and back side measurement information indicating a line of an image in the main scanning direction on the back side of the correction chart. The image correction device calculates an amount of misalignment of read positions based on the front side measurement information and the back side measurement information, and corrects misalignment of images on the front side and the back side of the object to be read, indicated by the front side image information and the back side image information.

Abstract: A read sensor generates front side image information indicating an image on a front side of an object to be read, and front side measurement information indicating a line of an image in a main scanning direction on the front side of a correction chart. A read sensor generates back side image information indicating an image on a back side of the object to be read, and back side measurement information indicating a line of an image in the main scanning direction on the back side of the correction chart. The image correction device calculates an amount of misalignment of read positions based on the front side measurement information and the back side measurement information, and corrects misalignment of images on the front side and the back side of the object to be read, indicated by the front side image information and the back side image information.

Abstract: A cluster control apparatus, cluster control system, and computer-readable recording medium are provided. The cluster control apparatus includes a switching unit that disconnects a first computer from a first group and disconnects a second computer belonging to a second group from the second group to cause the second computer to belong to the first group, when a first computer is unable to execute a job to be processed and a job executing unit that causes the second computer belonging to the first group to execute the job to be processed after the second computer have belonged to the first group by the switching unit.

Abstract: A communication device management program that enables efficient use of memory space in receiving data using remote direct memory access (RDMA) techniques. The receiving node transmits a virtual ID corresponding to a receiving process to a remote sending node. A sending process in the sending node specifies this virtual ID when starting data transmission. If the receiving node has not reserved a memory area corresponding to that virtual ID, the sending node transmits a reservation request to the receiving node, which causes a data receiving memory area to be reserved for use by a communication device in the receiving node. In the sending node, the sending communication device begins sending transmission data in RDMA mode, from a memory area managed by the sending process to the reserved data receiving memory area. The receiving communication device directs incoming transmission data to a memory area managed by the receiving process.

Abstract: In a job management device: a request reception unit stores job-input information in a storage device on receipt of a job-execution request; and an execution instruction unit sends to one or more job-assigned calculation nodes a job-execution instruction together with execution-resource information, and stores job-assignment information in the storage device in association with a job identifier. When the contents of the job database are lost by a restart of the job management device, a reconstruction unit collects the job-input information and the job-assignment information from the storage device, collects the execution-resource information from the one or more job-assigned calculation nodes, and reconstructs the job information in the job database.

Abstract: To prevent communication between processes of different computers from being interrupted due to a trouble in one transmission route. A communication controller of a computer selects at least one of communication devices and establishes physical connections via the selected communication devices, in response to a connection request from a prescribed process. The communication controller defines the one or more established physical connections as a logical connection. When a trouble happens in a physical connection included in the logical connection, the communication controller establishes another physical connection via a communication device different from that of the troubled physical connection and includes this physical connection in the logical connection. When receiving a communication request applied to the logical connection, from the process, the communication controller performs communication via the physical connections included in the logical connection, in response to the communication request.

Abstract: A cluster control apparatus, cluster control system, and computer-readable recording medium are provided. The cluster control apparatus includes a switching unit that disconnects a first computer from a first group and disconnects a second computer belonging to a second group from the second group to cause the second computer to belong to the first group, when a first computer is unable to execute a job to be processed and a job executing unit that causes the second computer belonging to the first group to execute the job to be processed after the second computer have belonged to the first group by the switching unit.

Abstract: In a job management device: a request reception unit stores job-input information in a storage device on receipt of a job-execution request; and an execution instruction unit sends to one or more job-assigned calculation nodes a job-execution instruction together with execution-resource information, and stores job-assignment information in the storage device in association with a job identifier. When the contents of the job database are lost by a restart of the job management device, a reconstruction unit collects the job-input information and the job-assignment information from the storage device, collects the execution-resource information from the one or more job-assigned calculation nodes, and reconstructs the job information in the job database.

Abstract: To prevent communication between processes of different computers from being interrupted due to a trouble in one transmission route. A communication controller of a computer selects at least one of communication devices and establishes physical connections via the selected communication devices, in response to a connection request from a prescribed process. The communication controller defines the one or more established physical connections as a logical connection. When a trouble happens in a physical connection included in the logical connection, the communication controller establishes another physical connection via a communication device different from that of the troubled physical connection and includes this physical connection in the logical connection. When receiving a communication request applied to the logical connection, from the process, the communication controller performs communication via the physical connections included in the logical connection, in response to the communication request.

Abstract: A communication device management program that enables efficient use of memory space in receiving data using remote direct memory access (RDMA) techniques. The receiving node transmits a virtual ID corresponding to a receiving process to a remote sending node. A sending process in the sending node specifies this virtual ID when starting data transmission. If the receiving node has not reserved a memory area corresponding to that virtual ID, the sending node transmits a reservation request to the receiving node, which causes a data receiving memory area to be reserved for use by a communication device in the receiving node. In the sending node, the sending communication device begins sending transmission data in RDMA mode, from a memory area managed by the sending process to the reserved data receiving memory area. The receiving communication device directs incoming transmission data to a memory area managed by the receiving process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for efficiently transferring a plurality of segmented data with various sizes. An address translation storage unit stores an address translation table which provides a plurality of translation descriptor domains to support a plurality of translation step sizes. Depending on the segment size of each data block to be transferred, a translation descriptor domain selection unit chooses a suitable translation descriptor domain within the address translation table. Data segment mapping is then performed with translation descriptors in the selected translation descriptor domain.

Abstract: Stain removal patch having a substrate and a first stain receiver. The first stain receiver has a liquid cleaner absorbed therein, and is adjacent the first surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the substrate extends beyond the perimeter of the stain receiver. There is an adhesive agent between the substrate and the stain receiver and at least a portion at the adhesive agent on the substrate extends beyond the perimeter of the stain receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for efficiently transferring a plurality of segmented data with various sizes. An address translation storage unit stores an address translation table which provides a plurality of translation descriptor domains to support a plurality of translation step sizes. Depending on the segment size of each data block to be transferred, a translation descriptor domain selection unit chooses a suitable translation descriptor domain within the address translation table. Data segment mapping is then performed with translation descriptors in the selected translation descriptor domain.

Abstract: In an automotive alternator, a thick-walled guide portion for guiding external air from an opening towards a heat sink main body is formed opposite fins on part of an outer circumferential portion of a bearing housing portion of a rear bracket.

Abstract: A method for preparing compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group; R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted phenoxy; R.sup.3 is optionally substituted pyridyl, optionally substituted quinolyl or phenyl group which has a substituent of formula --CYNR.sup.5 R.sup.6, where Y is oxygen or sulfur, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 and the nitrogen to which they are attached together form a heterocyclic group; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; and Z is sulfur or oxygen. The process comprises reacting a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## in which R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, with a compound of formula (III): ##STR3## in which R.sup.11 represents an acyloxy, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl or arylsulfinyl group.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula (I'): ##STR1## comprising reacting a compound of formula (II'): ##STR2## with a compound of formula (III'):A'SH (III')wherein the reaction of the compound of formula (II') and the compound of formula (III') are carried out in the presence of a salt of a metal of Group II or III of the Periodic Table of Elements, wherein A' is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or heterocyclic, R.sup.1' is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R.sup.2' and R.sup.3' can be hydrogen or alkyl, X' can be sulfur, k' is 1 or 2 and R.sup.4' is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclic.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## in which: R.sup.1' is hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group;R.sup.41' is hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group;R.sup.42' is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, a halogen, an aryl or an aryloxy; R.sup.43' is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, a hydroxy, a halogen, a cyano, a nitro or a group of the formula --NR.sup.8' R.sup.9', where R.sup.8' and R.sup.9' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino-protecting groups, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups and phenyl groups, or R.sup.8' and R.sup.9' together represent a group --(CH.sub.2).sub.q '--O.sub.r '--(CH.sub.2).sub.s '--, where q' and s' are independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to 5 and r' is 0 or 1, provided that (q'+s') is an integer of at least 2; R.sup.45' and R.sup.46' are independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups and aryl groups, or R.sup.45' and R.sup.46' together represent a group --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group; R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted phenoxy; R.sup.3 is optionally substituted pyridyl, optionally substituted quinolyl or phenyl group which has a substituent of formula --CYNR.sup.5 R.sup.6, where Y is oxygen or sulfur, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 and the nitrogen to which they are attached together form a heterocyclic group; is R.sup.4 hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; and Z is sulfur or oxygen; are valuable intermediates in the preparation of carbapenem compounds and retain a desirable configuration during conversion to such carbapenem compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing an .alpha.-keto acid ester (oxo acid) of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, aliphatic alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl group or benzyl group, and R.sup.2 is an aliphatic alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms, which comprises causing an .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester of the formula: ##STR2## to react with molecular oxygen in a gaseous phase in the presence of copper phosphate, possibly, mounted on a solid carrier.

Abstract: A glycolic acid ester is produced by hydrogenating an oxalic acid diester of the formula, (COOR).sub.2, wherein R is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, with hydrogen in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising, for example, copper and silver metals carried on a solid carrier, and in the additional presence of an aliphatic alcohol, and collecting the resultant glycolic acid ester from the reaction mixture by distillation, preferably in the presence of an ester of a C.sub.3-12 dicarboxylic acid.