Abstract: An exhaust emission purification device comprises a sulfur component holding agent arranged on the exhaust path of an internal combustion engine for holding a sulfur component, a NOx holding agent arranged downstream of the sulfur component holding agent in the exhaust gas for holding NOx and the sulfur components when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing thereinto is lean, and a reducing agent adding unit for adding a reducing agent to the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx holding agent. The concentration of the sulfur component contained in the reducing agent added by the reducing agent adding unit is lower than the concentration of at least the sulfur component contained in the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Thus, the sulfur poisoning of the exhaust emission purifier can be avoided while at the same time reducing the fuel consumption rate.

Abstract: A light modulating element array comprises a parallel arrangement of light guides operative to guide light entering in the light guide repeating total reflection, a parallel arrangement of electromechanically deflectable main thin-films partly overlapping the light guides, respectively, and a parallel arrangement of electromechanically deflectable main thin-films disposed perpendicularly to the light guides downstream from the main thin-films. The main thin-films are electromechanically deflected toward the light guide with image signals so as to change transmission rates of light traveling in the light guides, respectively, in synchronism with selective electromechanical deflection of the subsidiary thin-film for line scanning.

Abstract: An exhaust purifying method and apparatus of an internal combustion engine are provided with an exhaust switch valve for switching a flow of exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust filter. By switching the exhaust switch valve, the exhaust gas is fed from one side and the other side of the filter, thereby stirring the soot (particulates) in the exhaust gas deposited on the filter having a NOx absorbent and an active-oxygen discharging agent supported thereon. Thus, the soot in the exhaust gas is continuously burned. Moreover, the switching of the exhaust switch valve and the rich spike are inhibited from being conducted simultaneously. In the case where the rich spike is conducted in order to discharge and reduce NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent, the exhaust gas containing a large amount of HC and CO can be prevented from being discharged into the atmosphere without being purified.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device of an engine comprising a particulate filter arranged in an exhaust passage. An electric motor able to impart a vehicle drive power separate from the engine and able to generate electric power from the engine is provided. After the particulate filter finishes being warmed up, when the temperature of the particulate filter is low, the output torque of the engine is increased and the amount of increase of the output torque is consumed by the power generating action of the electric motor.

Abstract: A metal object is formed by die-casting with the use of a specially treated mold. The mold has cavity-defining surfaces covered by a heat-insulating layer made of a material that includes ceramic powder and heat-resistant resin. Molten metal is injected into the cavity coated with the heat-insulating layer.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an optical device which can provide high energy efficiency and can display images with high quality, and a display apparatus using such display device.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing a coating from a coated magnesium alloy product. The method includes a first treatment step of immersing the coated magnesium alloy product in a first alkaline solution, and a second treatment step of immersing the magnesium alloy product, which has undergone the first treatment step, in a second alkaline solution or in an acid solution. The second alkaline solution is different from the first alkaline solution.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifier includes a particulate filter for oxidizing collected particulates, a reversing device that reverses an exhaust gas upstream side and an exhaust gas downstream side of the particulate filter. The particulate filter includes a collecting wall for collecting the particulates, which includes a first collecting surface and a second collecting surface. The first and the second collecting surfaces are alternately used for collecting the particulates by the reversing device. The catalyst device is arranged adjacent to the particulate filter at a position always being at the downstream side of the particulate filter.

Abstract: An MEM unit according to the invention comprises an Si (silicon) substrate 1 having such a thickness as to transmit a visible light therethrough, an insulating layer 2 formed in contact with the upper surface of the Si substrate 1, a lower electrode layer 3 formed in contact with the upper surface of the insulating layer 2, a sacrificial layer gap 4 of a space formed in the partial region of the upper surface of the lower electrode layer 3, a movable film 5 formed on the upper surface of the lower electrode layer 3 to cover the sacrificial layer gap 4, an upper electrode 6 formed in contact with the upper part of the movable film 5, a contact hole 7 penetrating to reach the surface of the lower electrode layer 3 from the surface of the movable film 5, and a lower electrode 8 formed from the surroundings of the upper part of the contact hole 7 to the surface of the lower electrode layer 3 through the contact hole 7.

Abstract: Conventionally, wiring length occupied by a directional coupler decides intervals between modules connected to a bus, and those intervals can not be shortened furthermore. Accordingly, the intervals between modules are wide and high-density mounting is not possible. In the present invention, a directional coupler in a memory bus is formed by a leader line from a controller and a leader line from a memory chip and contained within a memory module. Accordingly, pitch between the modules can be reduced and high-density mounting can be realized.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprising a display light-emitting part 43 made of a laminate of a first electrode 47, an organic EL layer 49, a photoconductive layer 51 and a second electrode 53 in sequence; and an external light-emitting part 45 laminated on the second electrode 53 side of the display light-emitting part 43, the photoconductive layer 51 receiving light emitted from the external light-emitting part 45, the photoconductive layer 51 being made of a photoconductor having a current amplification mechanism for multiplying carriers generated in a photoelectric conversion process. For example, a photoconductor having a current amplification mechanism using an avalanche effect can be preferably adapted to the photoconductive layer 51.

Abstract: A light modulation element for performing electromechanical operation of generating a first electromechanical force for a needle 15 for displacing the needle, thereby changing a transmission factor of light. The light modulation element has drive means for generating or canceling a second electromechanical force 25 for the needle in a vertical direction different from the horizontal direction of the first electromechanical force 29 and holding or canceling the displacement state of the needle, so that active and stable matrix drive is provided by the first and second electromechanical forces that can be controlled in drive separately.

Abstract: A particulate filter (22) is arranged in an exhaust passage of an engine, while an exhaust throttle valve (45) is arranged in the exhaust passage downstream of the particulate filter (22). The exhaust throttle valve (45) is fully closed once, then fully opened cyclically. At that time, the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is increased for just an instant in a pulse-like manner, whereby masses of particulate are separated from the particulate filter 22 and discharged.

Abstract: The present device for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine comprises a particulate filter 70 on which the trapped particulates are oxidized and reversing means 74 for reversing the exhaust gas upstream side and the exhaust gas downstream side of the particulate filter. The particulate filter has a trapping wall for trapping the particulates. The reversing means reverses the exhaust gas upstream side and the exhaust gas downstream side of the particulate filter so that the first trapping surface and the second trapping surface are used alternately to trap the particulates. The particulate filter has a first opening portion and a second opening portion through which the exhaust gas flows in and out from the particulate filter and is arranged in the exhaust pipe 71 upstream of the muffler. At least part of the circumferential portion of the particulate filter between the first opening portion and the second opening portion is in contact with the flow of the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A memory device which includes dynamic random access memories for effecting data read and write operations, first and second data terminals for receiving data, and a controller having a first data input connected to receive first data, a second data input connected to receive second data, a third data input connected to receive a function mode signal, and operation unit for executing operations between the first data and the second data. The operation unit includes a function setting unit for setting a function indicated by a function mode signal prior to receipt of the first data. The second data is read out of a selected part of the storage locations. The operation corresponding to the set function is executed for the first and second data. The operation result is written into the selected part of the storage locations during one memory cycle.

Abstract: A light modulation element which has a light guide body 11 for guiding light from a light source and a flexible thin film 12 having a phosphor 13 being provided facing the light guide body 11. The distance between the flexible thin film 12 and the light guide body 11 is changed by the electromechanical operation and light emission of the phosphor 13 excited by the guided light is controlled.

Abstract: A device for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The device comprises a particulate filter carrying an active-oxygen releasing agent that can cause the sulfur poisoning, a SOx trap unit arranged upstream of the particulate filter, and a bypass means for making the exhaust gas mainly bypass said particulate filter when SOx is released from the SOx trap unit. Further, an exhaust choke valve for an exhaust brake is arranged between the SOx trap unit and the exhaust gas branch portion of the bypass means.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine emission control apparatus includes split passages that divide exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine into a plurality of streams. Emission control catalysts are provided that individually divide the exhaust gas in the split passages, and remove a component present in the exhaust gas at a high removal rate if a temperature of exhaust gas that inflows via the split passages satisfies a predetermined temperature condition. A controller changes proportions of the amounts of flow of the exhaust gas into the split passages so that the predetermined temperature condition is satisfied in at least one split passage of the split passages. Therefore, the emission control can be performed in a broad range of changing temperatures of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust purifying method and apparatus of an internal combustion engine is provided with an exhaust switch valve for switching a flow of exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust filter. By switching the exhaust switch valve, the exhaust gas is fed from one side and the other side of the filter, thereby stirring the soot (particulates) in the exhaust gas deposited on the filter having a NOx absorbent and an active-oxygen discharging agent supported thereon. Thus, the soot in the exhaust gas is continuously burned. Moreover, the switching of the exhaust switch valve and the rich spike are inhibited from being conducted simultaneously. In the case where the rich spike is conducted in order to discharge and reduce NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent, the exhaust gas containing a large amount of HC and CO can be prevented from being discharged into the atmosphere without being purified.

Abstract: The invention has an object to provide an optical device which can directly and efficiently introduce a planar incident light as it is and can efficiently obtain a planar total reflected light on a desirable interface without using a light guiding plate or an optical waveguide, and is constituted by a reflector having no absorption without depending on an incidence angle.