Abstract: A computer-implemented method, according to one embodiment, includes: receiving a volume at a first cluster in a first tier of a tiered data storage system. The first tier includes of a plurality of clusters, and the first cluster is coupled to a secondary storage in a second tier. A determination is made as to whether any clusters in the first tier are designated as copy target locations for the volume. In response to determining that one or more of the clusters in the first tier are designated as a copy target location, for each of the one or more clusters designated as a copy target location: a determination is made as to whether the given cluster is coupled to the secondary storage. Moreover, in response to determining that the given cluster is not coupled to the secondary storage, a copy of the volume is sent to the given cluster.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for maintaining a storage volume in a virtual tape system includes writing one or more logical volumes associated with a first category and one or more logical volumes associated with a second category to a primary storage in a virtual tape system. The computer-implemented method further includes performing a first automatic removal process in order to free up space on the primary storage, wherein the first automatic removal process removes logical volumes associated with the first category in priority to logical volumes associated with the second category. The computer-implemented method further includes performing a second automatic removal process, wherein the second automatic removal process dynamically alters the priority of the first automatic removal process such that one or more virtual volumes associated with the second category are removed in priority to one or more virtual volumes associated with the first category.

Abstract: A dynamic premigration protocol is implemented in response to a secondary tier returning to an operational state and an amount of data associated with a premigration queue of a primary tier exceeding a first threshold. The dynamic premigration protocol can comprise at least a temporary premigration throttling level. An original premigration protocol is implemented in response to an amount of data associated with the premigration queue decreasing below the first threshold.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor element, a base plate, and a plurality of contact materials. The base plate has a front surface holding the semiconductor element and a rear surface to which a cooling body to cool the semiconductor element is attachable. The plurality of contact materials are discretely arranged on the rear surface of the base plate. The plurality of contact materials are materials for bridging a gap on a heat dissipation path between the base plate and the cooling body. The plurality of contact materials each have a volume based on a bowed shape of the rear surface of the base plate. From among the plurality of contact materials, a contact material at a concave of the bowed shape has a greater volume than a contact material at a convex of the bowed shape.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, according to one embodiment, includes: receiving a volume at a first cluster in a first tier of a tiered data storage system. The first tier includes of a plurality of clusters, and the first cluster is coupled to a secondary storage in a second tier. A determination is made as to whether any clusters in the first tier are designated as copy target locations for the volume. In response to determining that one or more of the clusters in the first tier are designated as a copy target location, for each of the one or more clusters designated as a copy target location: a determination is made as to whether the given cluster is coupled to the secondary storage. Moreover, in response to determining that the given cluster is not coupled to the secondary storage, a copy of the volume is sent to the given cluster.

Abstract: In an air cleaner, a cassette is removably installed in an air cleaner housing. The cassette holds therein a filter formed by stacking a chemical filter and an air cleaner element. At the time of replacement or inspection of the filter, the cassette is pulled out of the air cleaner housing, and then the filter is removed from the cassette. Further, after completion of the replacement or inspection, the filter is placed in the cassette, and the cassette is installed in the air cleaner housing.

Abstract: A storage system receives one or more records from a host system. The records are compressed in a first compression format that is native to the host system. The storage system identifies an incompatibility between the first compression format and a first operation of the storage system. In response to the identified incompatibility, the storage system decompresses the received records. The decompression is based on the first compression format. The storage system compresses the decompressed records in a second compression format. The storage system stores the secondarily compressed records onto a storage medium.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes: an insulating substrate including an insulating layer having first and second main surfaces, a metal plate on the first main surface, and first to fourth conductors on the second main surface; a semiconductor device including a rear electrode electrically connected to the first conductor and a front electrode electrically connected to the second conductor; a temperature detection device including a first electrode electrically connected to the third conductor and a second electrode electrically connected to the fourth conductor; a first terminal electrically connected to the third conductor; a second terminal positioned so as to be wire-connectable to the fourth conductor; and a third terminal electrically connected to the second conductor, wherein the fourth conductor is positioned so as to be wire-connectable to the second conductor.

Abstract: In a gas sensor, a powder compact seals a void space between an inner peripheral surface of metal-made main hardware and a sensor element, and the inner peripheral surface has arithmetic average roughness of 0.5 to 5 ?m. The gas sensor includes supporters, which are arranged in a penetration hole of the main hardware, which allow the sensor element to penetrate therethrough, and which press the powder compact in sandwiching relation from both sides in an axial direction. A surface of at least one of the supporters has the arithmetic average roughness of not more than 0.5 ?m.

Abstract: A sensor element includes an element body having an elongate rectangular parallelepiped shape and including solid electrolyte layers with oxygen ion conductivity, an outer pump electrode disposed on a first surface of the element body, and a protective layer covering at least a part of a second surface of the element body on a side opposite to the first surface and including one or more exposed spaces (a lower space) to which the second surface is exposed.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention may include a method, computer program product and system for saving data received from a host computing device to a storage system. The storage system includes at least one processor and at least one storage. An embodiment may include storing the received data to the storage on a record basis. A record includes a record header including information indicative of an implemented compression method of the record. An embodiment may include monitoring a processing load of the at least one processor. In response to the processing load being less than a predetermined level, an embodiment may include further compressing the record utilizing a high-ratio compression method based on the record requiring further compression. An embodiment may include updating the record header information to reflect details of the utilized a high-ratio compression method. An embodiment may include storing the further compressed record to the storage.

Abstract: A sensor element includes an element body having an elongate rectangular parallelepiped shape and including solid electrolyte layers with oxygen ion conductivity, an outer pump electrode disposed on a first surface of the element body, and a protective layer covering at least a part of the first surface of the element body and including one or more exposed spaces (an upper space) to which the first surface is exposed.

Abstract: A sensor element includes an element body having an elongate rectangular parallelepiped shape and including solid electrolyte layers with oxygen ion conductivity, an outer pump electrode disposed on a first surface of the element body, and a protective layer covering at least a part of the first surface of the element body and including one or more spaces (an upper space) that are present apart from the first surface in a direction perpendicular to the first surface.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, according to one embodiment, includes assigning one or more first-type tape cartridges to an upper tape layer of a hierarchical storage management system, assigning one or more second-type tape cartridges to a lower tape layer of the hierarchical storage management system, and moving, to the lower tape layer, data having lower access frequency and recorded in the first-type tape cartridge assigned to the upper tape layer. A length of a tape included in the second-type tape cartridge is longer than a length of a tape included in the first-type tape cartridge.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product for objective-based compression level change is provided. The present invention may include storing a volume in a storage device, wherein the stored volume is compressed using an initial compression level. The present invention may also include checking a last access time of the stored volume in the storage device at a regular interval. The present invention may further include, in response to determining, based on the checked last access time, that the stored volume is not accessed at the regular interval, recompressing the stored volume in the storage device using a higher compression level, wherein the higher compression level includes a higher compression ratio than a compression ratio associated with the initial compression level.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a protective method for liver comprising the administration of an extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus to a patient who needs the treatment and to provide a liver protective agent, etc. where such an extract is an active ingredient. In the present invention, it has been recognized that, in hepatocytes, activation of NF-B, expression of NF-B target genes, activation of JNK, apoptosis and fat accumulation can be inhibited or suppressed. The agent containing the extract as an active ingredient is a drug exhibiting less adverse action and high safety. Accordingly, the present invention provides very useful protective method for liver and liver protecting agent.

Abstract: The synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan in chondrocytes, such as intervertebral disc cells, articular chondrocytes and meniscal cells is promoted by administration of an extract from inflamed tissue inoculated with vaccinia virus.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method, a system, and a computer program product for performing copy operations of one or more data units in a hierarchical storage management (HSM) system. The HSM system includes an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper layer includes multiple storage nodes having a grid configuration. The method comprises scheduling a copy operations of multiple data units each of which is stored in at least one of the multiple storage nodes such that loads on the copy operations are distributed among the multiple storage nodes in which the multiple data units are stored and copying the multiple data units to the lower layer in accordance with the scheduling.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for providing access to plural virtual sequential access volumes by using random access media, includes: accepting an operation for writing first data to a specific virtual sequential access volume of the plural virtual sequential access volumes; and storing a first file including the first data in the random access media, the first file being separate from a second file including second data stored in the random access media in response to an operation for writing the second data to the specific virtual sequential access volume.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip, resistance of which changes in accordance with temperature, an external resistor connected in series with the semiconductor chip and a detector configured to detect, while a first voltage is applied between both ends of a series circuit formed by the semiconductor chip and the external resistor, a second voltage applied between both ends of the external resistor, wherein the detector calculates a temperature of the semiconductor chip from the second voltage.