Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes an accepting unit that accepts first data defining, for each specific surface region, a shape of a three-dimensional object and a color of a surface of the three-dimensional object; and a generating unit that generates color voxel data from the accepted first data, the generating unit generating the color voxel data so that color information indicative of presence of a color is given to inner voxels within a larger depth from a surface voxel in a region of the first data where a density of the color of the surface is higher than in a region of the first data where the density of the color of the surface is lower.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes: a receiving unit that receives first data defining a shape and a color of a three-dimensional object; and a generating unit, wherein when two or more color components interfere with each other in one voxel as a result of performing a halftoning process for each of plural color components based on color information in the first data, the generating unit generates color voxel data by assigning any one of the two or more color components in the first data as color information of the one voxel, using a density ratio of colors corresponding to the two or more color components in the first data.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a receiving unit that receives first data that defines a shape of and a color of a surface of a three-dimensional object on each specific surface region of the three-dimensional object, and a generating unit that generates color voxel data from the first data. The generating unit assigns plural color components to plural surface voxels in accordance with color information on the color of the surface in the first data, starting with surface voxels, in a priority order of the color components from one having a lower lightness value to another having a higher lightness value, and does not assign an achromatic color component to a surface voxel if a density of the color of the surface in the first data is less than 100 percent.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to obtain two types of substantively homogeneous cancer stem cell populations which can be characterized using the cell surface marker Lgr5, and to provide cancer therapeutics using an antibody against a cell membrane molecule specifically expressed in these cancer stem cells by identifying said cell membrane molecule. A further objective is to provide, using an antibody against a cell membrane molecule specifically expressed in cancer stem cells, a reagent for detecting cancer stem cells, and a method for diagnosing and sorting cancer patients. The present inventors discovered that highly pure large intestine cancer stem cells (CSC) can be obtained in a large quantity, and identified the two types of conditions of large intestine CSCs distinguishable through Lgr5 expression. Moreover, the present inventors discovered that an antibody against a cell membrane molecule specifically expressed in said cancer stem cells can damage said cells.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming machine that forms an image on a recording material; and an image processing unit that sets different addition/subtraction amounts for thickness of lines constituting bold characters and thickness of lines constituting non-bold characters in changing thickness of lines constituting each character in case where image information for formation of an image by the image forming machine includes bold character information and non-bold character information.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide: a cancer stem cell isolated using a cell marker; a substantively homogeneous cancer stem cell population including said cancer stem cell; and a method of preparing said cancer stem cell population. Another objective of the present invention is to provide: a method for separating cancer stem cells with a high proliferative potential and those with a low proliferative potential; a method for inducing cancer stem cells to have a different proliferative potential; and cancer stem cells separated or induced by these separation or induction methods. A further objective of the present invention is to provide: a method of screening for pharmaceuticals using said cancer stem cell or cancer stem cell population; a method for detecting the presence of said cancer stem cell or cancer stem cell population and for identifying or quantifying the same.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to obtain two types of substantively homogeneous cancer stem cell populations which can be characterized using the cell surface marker Lgr5, and to provide cancer therapeutics using an antibody against a cell membrane molecule specifically expressed in these cancer stem cells by identifying said cell membrane molecule. A further objective of the present invention is to provide, using an antibody against a cell membrane molecule specifically expressed in cancer stem cells, a reagent for detecting cancer stem cells, and a method for diagnosing and sorting cancer patients. The present inventors discovered that highly pure large intestine cancer stem cells (CSC) can be obtained in a large quantity, and identified the two types of conditions of large intestine CSCs distinguishable through Lgr5 expression. Moreover, the present inventors discovered that an antibody against a cell membrane molecule specifically expressed in said cancer stem cells can damage said cells.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an edge-portion detector, an edge-width detector, and a tone correction unit. The edge-portion detector detects a pixel of an edge portion by determining whether or not each of pixels constituting image data which has been input is a pixel which is included in the edge portion. The edge-width detector detects, for the pixel of the edge portion detected by the edge-portion detector, an edge width which is a width of the edge portion. When the edge width detected by the edge-width detector is smaller than a value which is set in advance, the tone correction unit performs tone correction differently in accordance with the detected edge width.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a cancer stem cell mass from which cells incapable of forming cancer are substantially removed and which has a characteristic property of reproducing a layered structure of a cancer tissue; a process for producing the cancer stem cell mass; and use of the cancer stem cell mass. For achieving the purpose, the present inventors grew a human cancer tissue repeatedly in a NOG mouse, separated cancer cells from the grown cancer tissue, and made a comparison of various cancer cell culture processes with each other. As a result, a cancer stem cell composition which is homogeneous and is substantially free of the coexistence of cells capable of forming cancer and cells incapable of forming cancer in a mixed state can be produced successively by employing an attached culture process using a serum-free stem cell culture medium rather than a generally employed floating culture process, and consequently the present invention has been accomplished.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an edge-portion detector, an edge-width detector, and a tone correction unit. The edge-portion detector detects a pixel of an edge portion by determining whether or not each of pixels constituting image data which has been input is a pixel which is included in the edge portion. The edge-width detector detects, for the pixel of the edge portion detected by the edge-portion detector, an edge width which is a width of the edge portion. When the edge width detected by the edge-width detector is smaller than a value which is set in advance, the tone correction unit performs tone correction differently in accordance with the detected edge width.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide non-human animal models of cancer pathology, which mimic the hierarchical organization, cancer progression process, or biological property of human cancer tissues, and uses thereof. To achieve the objective described above, first, the present inventors transplanted cells of NOG-established cancer lines into NOG mice and morphologically observed the resulting tissue organization. As a result, the non-human animal models were demonstrated to exhibit pathologies (the hierarchical organization, cancer progression process, or biological properties of the cancer cells) similar to that of human cancer. Specifically, the present inventors succeeded in preparing non-human animal models exhibiting pathologies more similar to a human cancer, and cell culture systems using NOG-established cancer cell lines where the in vitro cell morphology is more similar to that of human cancer.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to facilitate the acquisition of antibody-producing cells that are infiltrating virus-infected cells, cancer cells, abnormal cells forming a benign hyperplasia, and the like, and to improve the efficiency of the production of antibodies as well as nucleic acids encoding them from the antibody-producing cells. The present inventors discovered that, when cancer tissues comprising infiltrating lymphocytes are transplanted into highly immunodeficient animals that do not have T cells, B cells, and NK cells and further exhibit a low IFN production ability, the differentiation and proliferation of infiltrating lymphocytes are unexpectedly promoted, and the number of plasma cells that produce antibodies recognizing cancer tissues increases dramatically, plasma cells can be separated easily, and antibodies or nucleic acids encoding them can be easily prepared from the plasma cells.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to facilitate the acquisition of antibody-producing cells that are infiltrating virus-infected cells, cancer cells, abnormal cells forming a benign hyperplasia, and the like, and to improve the efficiency of the production of antibodies as well as nucleic acids encoding them from the antibody-producing cells. The present inventors discovered that, when cancer tissues comprising infiltrating lymphocytes are transplanted into highly immunodeficient animals that do not have T cells, B cells, and NK cells and further exhibit a low IFN production ability, the differentiation and proliferation of infiltrating lymphocytes are unexpectedly promoted, and the number of plasma cells that produce antibodies recognizing cancer tissues increases dramatically, plasma cells can be separated easily, and antibodies or nucleic acids encoding them can be easily prepared from the plasma cells.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to facilitate the acquisition of antibody-producing cells that are infiltrating virus-infected cells, cancer cells, abnormal cells forming a benign hyperplasia, and the like, and to improve the efficiency of the production of antibodies as well as nucleic acids encoding them from the antibody-producing cells. The present inventors discovered that, when cancer tissues comprising infiltrating lymphocytes are transplanted into highly immunodeficient animals that do not have T cells, B cells, and NK cells and further exhibit a low IFN production ability, the differentiation and proliferation of infiltrating lymphocytes are unexpectedly promoted, and the number of plasma cells that produce antibodies recognizing cancer tissues increases dramatically, plasma cells can be separated easily, and antibodies or nucleic acids encoding them can be easily prepared from the plasma cells.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for diagnosing geriatric diseases associated with insulin resistance, such as type II diabetes, at an early stage and a method for monitoring the therapeutic effects of agents for type II diabetes by quantitatively assaying GBP28 with the use of a monoclonal antibody that can assay adiponectin (GBP28) in a sample.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to facilitate the acquisition of antibody-producing cells that are infiltrating virus-infected cells, cancer cells, abnormal cells forming a benign hyperplasia, and the like, and to improve the efficiency of the production of antibodies as well as nucleic acids encoding them from the antibody-producing cells. The present inventors discovered that, when cancer tissues comprising infiltrating lymphocytes are transplanted into highly immunodeficient animals that do not have T cells, B cells, and NK cells and further exhibit a low IFN production ability, the differentiation and proliferation of infiltrating lymphocytes are unexpectedly promoted, and the number of plasma cells that produce antibodies recognizing cancer tissues increases dramatically, plasma cells can be separated easily, and antibodies or nucleic acids encoding them can be easily prepared from the plasma cells.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for diagnosing geriatric diseases associated with insulin resistance, such as type II diabetes, at an early stage and a method for monitoring the therapeutic effects of agents for type II diabetes by quantitatively assaying GBP28 with the use of a monoclonal antibody that can assay adiponectin (GBP28) in a sample.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for diagnosing geriatric diseases associated with insulin resistance, such as type II diabetes, at an early stage and a method for monitoring the therapeutic effects of agents for type II diabetes by quantitatively assaying GBP28 with the use of a monoclonal antibody that can assay adiponectin (GBP28) in a sample.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for diagnosing geriatric diseases associated with insulin resistance, such as type II diabetes, at an early stage and a method for monitoring the therapeutic effects of agents for type II diabetes by quantitatively assaying GBP28 with the use of a monoclonal antibody that can assay adiponectin (GBP28) in a sample.

Abstract: A culturing apparatus including a culturing tank for culturing cells, organs or tissue strips of a plant, internally therein, and a cutting device for cutting cultured plant bodies arranged within the culturing tank, wherein a push-out means for urging the plant bodies against the cutting device is further provided or the cutting means is made movable so as to be urged against the plant bodies.