Abstract: A medicament for promoting memory consolidation, which comprises, as an active ingredient, a non-natural retinoid, preferably a retinoid having a basic skeleton comprising an aromatic ring bound with an aromatic carboxylic acid or tropolone by means of a bridging group, more preferably 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid or 4-[(3,5-bis-trimethylsilylphenyl)-carboxamido]benzoic acid.

Abstract: Method for therapeutic treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a retinoid as an active ingredient to treat the inflammatory bowel disease, the retinoid being selected from the group consisting of 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl) carbamoyl]benzoic acid, 4-[(3,5-bis-trimethylsilylphenyl)carboxamido]benzoic acid, 4-[2,3-(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexano)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-yl]benzoic acid, and 4-(5H-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,7,7,10,10-pentamethylbenzo[e]naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]diazepin-13-yl)benzoic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel oxazolidinone derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein Ring A is optionally substituted or fused and represents (A-1) at least 7-membered monocyclic hetero ring containing at least three N atoms; (A-2) at least 6-membered monocyclic hetero ring containing at least two N atoms and at least one O atom; or (A-3) at least 7-membered monocyclic hetero ring containing at least two N atoms and at least one S atom; X1 is a single bond, —O—, —S—, —NR2—, —CO—, —CS—, —CONR3—, —NR4CO—, —SO2NR5—, and —NR6SO2— (wherein R2-R6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl), or lower alkylene or lower alkenylene in which one of the preceding groups may intervene; Ring B is optionally substituted carbocycle or optionally substituted heterocycle; R1 is hydrogen, or an organic residue which is able to bind to the 5-position of oxazolidinone ring in oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent, and an antibacterial agent containing the same.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): [wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group, A and B represent —(CH2)2—, —(CH2)3— or —(CH2)4—, X represents —N(R2)— (R2 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), —CO—, —C(?N—R3)— (R3 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), or —C(?C(R4)(R5))— (R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), and Ar represents an aryldiyl group or a heteroaryldiyl group], which has an action of controlling physiological activities of retinoids and useful as an active ingredient of a medicament.

Abstract: A method for forming an organ and/or tissue from undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate animal in vitro, which comprises the step of culturing the undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate animal in the presence of a retinoic acid X receptor ligand (e.g., a retinoic acid X receptor agonist or antagonist), and a method for forming a pancreas from undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate animal in vitro or a method for forming a tissue having morphology and function of a pancreas from undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate in vitro, which comprises the step of culturing the undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate animal in the presence of a retinoic acid receptor ligand, together with activin, that does not substantially bind to the retinoic acid receptor subtype ?.

Abstract: Method for suppressing adhesion of the intestines or therapeutic treatment of adhesion of the intestines comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid. There is also provided a medicament for suppressing adhesion of the intestines and/or therapeutic treatment of bowel diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease, which comprises as an active ingredient a retinoid such as, for example, 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): [wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group, A and B represent —(CH2)2—, —(CH2)3— or —(CH2)4—, X represents —N(R2)— (R2 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), —CO—, —C(?N—R3)— (R3 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), or —C(?C(R4)(R5))— (R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), and Ar represents an aryldiyl group or a heteroaryldiyl group], which has an action of controlling physiological activities of retinoids and useful as an active ingredient of a medicament.

Abstract: A medicament having an anti-wrinkle action, which comprises as an active ingredient a retinoid having a fundamental structure of a phenyl substituted carbamoyl benzoic acid or a phenyl substituted carboxamide benzoic acid (for example, 4-(3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenylcarboxamide) benzoic acid, 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid, or the like).

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): [wherein R1 and R2 represent an alkyl group, X represents —S—, —O— or —NH—, Y represents C or N, R3 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-10 alkyl group, Z represents —CO—N(R5)— (R5 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group) or —C(R6)?C(R7)—CO—NH— (R6 and R7 represent hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), Ar represents an aryldiyl group or a heteroaryldiyl group, and R4 represents —COOH, —OCH2—COOH, —CH2—COOH, or —CH2—CH2—COOH], which has a retinoid action and is useful as an active ingredient of a medicament.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): [wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group, A and B represent —(CH2)2—, —(CH2)3— or —(CH2)4—, X represents —N(R2)—CO— (R2 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), —CO—N(R3)— (R3 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), —C(R4)?C(R5)— (R4 and R5 represent hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), or —N(R6)—SO2— (R6 represents hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group), and Ar represents an aryldiyl group or a heteroaryldiyl group], which has a retinoid action and is useful as an active ingredient of a medicament.

Abstract: A medicament for preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of a physical dysfunction such as motor dysfunction caused by nerve damage resulting from an accident, cerebral crisis and the like, which comprises as an active ingredient a compound or a salt thereof represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 to R5 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl-substituted silyl group, X represents —CONH— or —NHCO—, and A represents a carboxylic acid-substituted aromatic group which may be substituted or a tropolonyl group which may be substituted.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I) (R1 and R2 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, etc.; R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an alkenyl group; R5 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or nitro group, and R6 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group), which acts on the transcription process of genes.

Abstract: A medicament for preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of a lower urinary tract symptom caused by a lower urinary tract disorder, which comprises as an active ingredient a retinoid such as, for example, 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2 -naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid.

Abstract: A medicament for preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of a bowel diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn's disease, which comprises as an active ingredient a retinoid such as, for example, 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): [R1 to R5 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a trialkylsilyl group, X represents —NH—CO—, —CO—NH—, —N(COR6)—CO—, —CO—N(COR7)— (R6 and R7 represent a lower alkoxy group, or a carboxy-substituted phenyl group) etc.; and Z represents —Y—CH(R12)—COOH, —CHO, —CH?CH—COOH, or —COOR13 (Y represents a single bond, —CH2—, —CH(OH)—, —CO—, —CO—NH—, or —CO—NH—CH2—CO—NH—, R12 represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R13 represents hydrogen atom, —CH(R14)—COOH(R14 represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or hydroxy group), —[CH2CH2—O]n—CH2—CH2—OH, —CH2—O—[CH2CH2—O]m—CH2—OH, or —[CH(CH3)—CO—O]p—CH(CH3)—COOH (m, n and p represent an integer of 1 to 100))], a salt thereof or an ester thereof, which has a property of being converted into a retinoid after absorption in vivo.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel oxazolidinone derivative of the formula (I): wherein Ring A is (A-1) a 7-membered monocyclic heterocycle containing three N atoms; (A-2) a 7-membered monocyclic heterocycle containing two N atoms and one O atom; or (A-3) a 7-membered monocyclic heterocycle containing two N atoms and one S atom, SO or SO2, wherein said monocyclic heterocycle is optionally substituted, optionally unsaturated and optionally fused with another ring; X1 is a single bond, or a heteroatom-containing group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —NR2—, —CO—, —CS—, —CONR3—, —NR4CO—, —SO2NR5—, and —NR6SO2—, wherein R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, or lower alkylene or lower alkenylene each optionally interrupted by said heteroatom-containing group; Ring B is optionally substituted carbocycle or optionally substituted heterocycle; and R1 is hydrogen, or an organic residue which is able to bind to the 5-position of the oxazolidinone ring in oxazolid

Abstract: A medicament for preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of a bowel diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn's disease, which comprises as an active ingredient a retinoid such as, for example, 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel oxazolidinone derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein Ring A is optionally substituted or fused and represents (A-1) at least 7-membered monocyclic hetero ring containing at least three N atoms; (A-2) at least 6-membered monocyclic hetero ring containing at least two N atoms and at least one O atom; or (A-3) at least 7-membered monocyclic hetero ring containing at least two N atoms and at least one S atom; X1 is a single bond, —O—, —S—, —NR2—, —CO—, —CS—, —CONR3—, —NR4CO—, —SO2NR5—, and —NR6SO2— (wherein R2-R6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl), or lower alkylene or lower alkenylene in which one of the preceding groups may intervene; Ring B is optionally substituted carbocycle or optionally substituted heterocycle; R1 is hydrogen, or an organic residue which is able to bind to the 5-position of oxazolidinone ring in oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent, and an antibacterial agent containing the same.

Abstract: A method for forming an organ and/or tissue from undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate animal in vitro, which comprises the step of culturing the undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate animal in the presence of a retinoic acid X receptor ligand (e.g., a retinoic acid X receptor agonist or antagonist), and a method for forming a pancreas from undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate animal in vitro or a method for forming a tissue having morphology and function of a pancreas from undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate in vitro, which comprises the step of culturing the undifferentiated cells derived from a vertebrate animal in the presence of a retinoic acid receptor ligand, together with activin, that does not substantially bind to the retinoic acid receptor subtype ?.

Abstract: A medicament for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of a vascular disease such as vascular restenosis and/or reocclusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty using an intravascular stent, which comprises as an active ingredient a substance selected from the group consisting of retinoids and agents for controlling actions of retinoids such as 4-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid or a salt thereof, or 4-[[[3,5-bis-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]carbonyl]amino]benzoic acid or a salt thereof, wherein said substance has substantially no antiproliferative action on vascular endothelial cells, but substantially has antiproliferative action on vascular smooth muscle cells.