Abstract: An environment information collecting system collects environment information on a surface of the earth or a surface layer of the earth. The environment information collecting system includes a sensor element which is scattered in a target region where the environment information is collected, of which at least one of reflection properties, transmission properties, absorption properties, or luminescence properties with respective to an electromagnetic wave with a specific wavelength, or light emitting properties changes in accordance with an environment, and an aircraft configured to receive the electromagnetic wave obtained from the sensor element and configured to collect the environment information in the target region.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form a toner image, an intermediate transfer belt configured to transfer the transferred toner image to a recording material at a secondary transfer position, a first cleaning unit arranged downstream of the secondary transfer position and upstream of the primary transfer position in a conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer belt and configured to clean the intermediate transfer belt, a second cleaning unit arranged downstream of the secondary transfer position and upstream of the first cleaning unit in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer belt and configured to clean the intermediate transfer belt, a conveyance unit provided opposite to the first and the second cleaning units at a position below the first and the second cleaning units and configured to convey the recording material, and a third space from which the first and the second spaces are accessible.

Abstract: Provided is a resistance spot welding method. The resistance spot welding method for joining a sheet set including a plurality of lapped steel sheets includes: holding the sheet set between a pair of electrodes; and energizing the sheet set under application of electrode force to thereby join the steel sheets together. At least one of the plurality of lapped steel sheets is a surface-treated steel sheet including a metal coating layer on a surface thereof. The energizing includes: a primary energizing step of performing energization to form a nugget portion; a non-energizing step in which, after the primary energizing step, the energization is suspended for an energization suspension time Tc (cycles); and a secondary energizing step of, after the non-energizing step, performing energization for reheating while the nugget portion is prevented from growing. During the energizing, the relations of a particular formula are satisfied.

Abstract: An application development environment providing system which provides a development environment for an application program via a network, the application development environment providing system includes a program developer configured to generate the application program on the basis of an input from a terminal connected to the development environment, and to visually display the generated application program, and a communicator configured to provide a communication function among a plurality of users who use the development environment, to copy a part or all of the application program generated by the program developer in the development environment used by a first user to be available in the development environment used by a second user, and to visually display the part or all of the application program.

Abstract: An application development environment providing system which provides a development environment for an application program via a network, wherein the network includes a first network which accommodates at least one device and which is communicatively connected to the device, and a second network communicatively connected to the first network, and wherein the application development environment providing system includes a program developer configured to classify processes included in the application program into a process executed in the first network and a process executed in the second network based on a predetermined determination condition, and to generate a first program execution file executed in the first network and a second program execution file executed in the second network in cooperation with the first program execution file.

Abstract: Since such service providing systems are constructed through cooperation among cloud computers, communication networks, and device provides, they cannot be constructed easily. An interface module is provided, the interface module being configured to be disconnectably connected to an application module having at least one of a sensor, an actuator, an input port, an output port, an input/output port, and a user interface, and including: an interface module-side communication connector configured to be disconnectably connected to a communication connector provided to the application module; a network interface configured to be connected to a network; and a verification information storage unit that stores verification information for verifying the interface module connected to the network as an interface module for a preset particular tenant among a plurality of tenants of a server computing system configured to be connected to the network.

Abstract: A spot welded member includes a spot weld formed by holding a sheet stack of multiple steel sheets between a pair of electrodes and spot-welding the sheet stack, in which at least one of the multiple steel sheets is a high-strength zinc-based coated steel sheet having a tensile strength of 780 MPa or more, the high-strength zinc-based coated steel sheet having a coating with an Al content of 0.5% or more by mass, and in which the heat shock region of the spot weld outwardly extending from an edge of a corona bond area includes a coated layer including an FeAl alloy layer having an average thickness of 0.3 ?m or more and a zinc-based coated layer having an average thickness of 2.0 ?m or more on the FeAl alloy layer at the interface between the base steel sheet of the high-strength zinc-based coated steel sheet and the coating.

Abstract: An object is to provide a friction stir welding method and apparatus that provide sufficient strength and good welding workability by advantageously eliminating plastic flow deficiency generated as a result of insufficient heating of workpieces. In friction stir welding for steel sheets (3,3) as workpieces, a pair of facing rotary tools (1,15) are inserted into a non-welded part from both one surface side and the other surface side of the steel sheets (3,3), the rotary tools move in a welding direction while rotating, and in addition, a preheating process for heating steel sheets (3,3) is performed by heating means (5) provided in front of the rotary tools (1,15). The configuration of the pair of facing rotary tools (1,15) and the surface temperature, area, position, and so forth of a heated region in the preheating process are strictly controlled.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first sensor configured to measure a measurement image on a first photoreceptor, a second sensor configured to measure a measurement image on an intermediate transfer member, and a controller. The controller controls the first image forming unit to form first measurement images, wherein the first measurement images are formed along a rotation direction of the first photoreceptor, and controls the first sensor to measure the first measurement images on the first photoreceptor. The controller further controls the first image forming unit and the second image forming unit to form a plurality of measurement images while a rotation speed of the first photoreceptor is being controlled based on a measurement result of the first sensor, wherein the plurality of measurement images is formed along the predetermined direction of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resistance spot welding method. A resistance spot welding method according to the present invention in which a sheet combination of two or more overlapping steel sheets is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes and joined together by applying current while applying pressure, the method including a main current application step in which current application is performed with a current Iw (kA), and subsequently, a post-tempering heat treatment step in which after cooling is performed for a cooling time tct (ms) shown in formula (1) below, current application is performed with a current It (kA) shown in formula (2) below for a current application time tt (ms) shown in formula (3) below: 800?tct . . . formula (1), 0.5×Iw?It?Iw . . . formula (2), and 500?tt . . . formula (3).

Abstract: A high-strength steel sheet of the present invention has a specific chemical composition. Furthermore, in the steel sheet, a degree of Mn segregation in a specific region is 1.5 or less; a maximum P concentration in a specific region is 0.08 mass % or less; in a specific region, the number of specific MnS particle groups is 2.0 or fewer per 1 mm2, and the number of specific oxide-based inclusions is 8 or fewer per 1 mm2; of all of the oxide-based inclusions, oxide-based inclusions having a specified composition are present in a number ratio of 80% or greater; the microstructure includes, in terms of a volume fraction, 30 to 95% martensite and bainite in total, 5 to 70% ferrite phase, and less than 3% (and 0% or greater) austenite phase; and a tensile strength is 980 MPa or greater.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a non-transitory computer readable medium for generating instructions. An asset database is updated based on data received from a plurality of assets. The asset database stores asset data specifying an assets model, and the assets model specifies one or more asset properties for each asset in the plurality of assets. Upon determining that an alert condition is satisfied based on a sensor property specified by the assets model, an asset in the plurality of assets is selected as a target asset to which an instruction associated with the alert condition is to be sent, based on allocation property specified by the assets model. Upon selecting the target asset, an instruction for the target asset is generate based on the one or more properties for the target asset specified in the assets model.

Abstract: A high-strength steel sheet of the present invention has a specific chemical composition. Furthermore, in the steel sheet, a degree of Mn segregation in a specific region is 1.5 or less; a maximum P concentration in a specific region is 0.08 mass % or less; in a specific region, at least one specific MnS particle group is present, the number of specific MnS particle groups is 2.0 or fewer per 1 mm2, and the number of specific oxide-based inclusions is 8 or fewer per 1 mm2; of all oxide-based inclusions, oxide-based inclusions having a specific composition are present in a number ratio of 80% or greater; the microstructure includes, in terms of a volume fraction, 30 to 95% martensite, 5 to 70% ferrite phase, less than 30% (and 0% or greater) bainite, and less than 2.0% (and 0% or greater) austenite phase; and a tensile strength is 980 MPa or greater.

Abstract: A high-strength steel sheet having a specified chemical composition and a method for producing the same. The steel sheet including a multi-phase structure including, by volume fraction, ferrite of 35% to 65%, residual austenite of 7% or less (including 0%), martensite of 20% to 60%, bainite of 20% or less (including 0%), the ferrite having an average crystal grain size of 8 ?m or less and an average aspect ratio of 3.5 or less, the martensite having an average crystal grain size of 3 ?m or less, and the bainite having an average crystal grain size of 3 ?m or less when contained. A standard deviation of Vickers hardness of the steel sheet being 30 or less when measured at 200 ?m intervals from a position of 100 ?m from a surface to a central portion in a thickness direction of the sheet.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first sensor configured to measure measurement images on a first photoreceptor, a second sensor configured to measure measurement images on an intermediate transfer member, and a controller. The controller controls a first image forming unit to form first measurement images, wherein the first measurement images are formed along a rotation direction of the first photoreceptor, and controls the first sensor to measure the first measurement images on the first photoreceptor. The controller further controls the first image forming unit and a second image forming unit to form a plurality of measurement images while a rotation speed of the first photoreceptor is being controlled based on a measurement result of the first sensor, wherein the plurality of measurement images are formed along the predetermined direction of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a height measurement device with which, even when the height of a sample surface varies considerably, it is possible, with a relatively simple configuration, to perform height measurement with high accuracy at various heights.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: a storage that stores execution reservation information transmitted from a user server, wherein the execution reservation information represents an execution reservation of acceptor servers that execute first tasks that have been encrypted and divided; and a processor that: receives a second task from the user server, encrypts and divides the second task to generate the first tasks, requests the acceptor servers to execute the generated first tasks based on the execution reservation information stored in the storage, receives first execution results from the acceptor servers, decrypts and combines the first execution results to generate a second execution result, and transmits the generated second execution result to the user server.

Abstract: Provided is a resistance spot welding method that inhibits, in accordance with the degree of axis misalignment between electrodes, the occurrence of cracking in a weld regardless of the steel grade. In resistance spot welding methods according to the present invention, H (ms) is an electrode force retaining time after completion of current passage, D (mm) is an amount of axis misalignment between the electrodes, t (mm) is a total sum of sheet thicknesses of a plurality of overlapping steel sheets, T (MPa) is a tensile strength of a steel sheet having a highest tensile strength among the plurality of steel sheets, F (N) is an electrode force, and d (mm) is a tip diameter of one electrode of the pair of electrodes that has a smaller tip diameter. The electrode force retaining time H is specified to be a predetermined value or greater.

Abstract: A resistance spot welding method inhibits, in accordance with the electrode angle, the occurrence of cracking in the weld regardless of the steel grade. The resistance spot welding method satisfies relationships: 2·A·(t·T/F)1/2?H when 0?A<1 (3·A?1)·(t·T/F)1/2?H when 1?A<10 (A+19)·(t·T/F)1/2?H when 10?A<20 where H (ms) is an electrode force retaining time after completion of current passage, A (degrees) is an electrode angle of the electrodes, t (mm) is a sheet thickness of a steel sheet having a largest sheet thickness among the steel sheets, T (MPa) is a tensile strength of a steel sheet having a highest tensile strength among the two or more steel sheets, and F (N) is the electrode force.

Abstract: In a semiconductor manufacturing process, it is necessary to cut a die close to the edge of a wafer in order to obtain as many dies as possible from one wafer. Accordingly, with respect to a charged particle beam device and an optical inspection device used in a semiconductor manufacturing process, there is a demand for detecting the height of the wafer close to the edge of the wafer with high accuracy, in order to measure or examine close to the edge of the wafer with high accuracy. Further, there is a demand for high speed height-detection in order to realize high throughput for the semiconductor manufacturing process. In the present invention, the foregoing can be achieved by the following configuration: sandwiching a target region on a wafer, a first pattern and a second pattern are projected onto one side and the other side respectively of the target region from an oblique direction with respect to the wafer top-surface, enabling an image of the first pattern and/or second pattern to be used.