Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a belt, a detector, a determining section, a skew correcting section, and a storage section. The belt is stretched around rollers and provided with an index. The detector provides an output value. The determining section determines the index that is passing through the detection region on the basis of a change in the output value, the change exceeding a threshold. The skew correcting section performs control relating to skew correction of inclining the roller and correcting the position of the belt. The storage section stores the threshold having a value between the measured maximum amount of change in the output value when the skew correcting section inclines the roller at the maximum angle and the amount of change in the output value resulting from the index when the index arrives at or passes through the detector.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes a first optical member, a second optical member, and a third optical member stacked on each other in this order in an optical axis direction. A diffractive surface including a plurality of raised parts is formed at an interface between the first and second optical members. The first and third optical members contact each other at part other than the raised parts.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes a first optical member, a second optical member, and a third optical member stacked on each other in this order. A diffractive surface including a plurality of raised parts is formed at an interface between the first and second optical members. The third optical member contacts at least one of the raised parts.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes a diffractive surface. Raised portions and recessed portions are alternately arranged on the diffractive surface. A shape of the valley bottoms of the recessed portions varies according to regions of the diffractive surface.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes a diffractive surface. Raised portions and recessed portions are alternately arranged on the diffractive surface. The valley bottoms of the recessed portions are formed to have a chamfered shape.

Abstract: A multifunction peripheral includes: development units of respective colors; an intermediate transfer belt; a transfer roller; a movement mechanism that moves the intermediate transfer belt in a direction of coming in contact with and separating from a magenta development unit and the like; a concentration sensor; a control part that causes the magenta development unit and the transfer roller to form a toner pattern on the intermediate transfer belt; and a determination unit that determines that the pressing state of the magenta development unit and the like and the intermediate transfer belt is normal when the toner pattern concentration detected by the concentration sensor after the toner pattern is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt has reached a predetermined concentration value.

Abstract: Upon receiving a request to control developing bias voltage, first and second square-wave signal output units output first and second square-wave signals, respectively. When a rising edge of the first square-wave signal coincides with a rising edge of the second square-wave signal, the rising edge of the second square-wave signal is advanced with respect to the rising edge of the first square-wave signal. When a falling edge of the first square-wave signal coincides with a falling edge of the second square-wave signal, the falling edge of the second square-wave signal is delayed with respect to the falling edge of the first square-wave signal. Subsequently, a voltage-controlling square-wave signal for controlling developing bias voltage is generated based on the first and second square-wave signals.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that includes: a photoconductive drum; a developing roller that is arranged opposite the photoconductive drum and that carries toner; a detecting portion that detects an occurrence of electrical discharge between the developing roller and the photoconductive drum; a control portion that controls the apparatus, that receives an output of the detecting portion and then recognizes the occurrence of the electrical discharge; a direct voltage applying portion that is connected to the developing roller; and an alternating voltage applying portion is disclosed herein.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has: a photoconductive drum that rotates; a developing roller that carries toner to be charged and to which a first voltage application portion outputting an AC voltage is connected; a contact member that makes contact with the photoconductive drum to remove residual toner; a detection portion for detecting occurrence of electric discharge between the developing roller and the photoconductive drum; and a developing unit that feeds toner to the developing roller, that supports the developing roller opposite the photoconductive drum with a gap secured in between, and that feeds toner to the developing roller with prescribed timing and for a prescribed time during electric discharge detection.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a photoconductive drum; a developing roller that is arranged opposite the photoconductive drum and that carries toner; a detecting portion that detects an occurrence of electrical discharge between the developing roller and the photoconductive drum; a control portion that controls the apparatus, that receives an output of the detecting portion and then recognizes the occurrence of the electrical discharge; a direct voltage applying portion that is connected to the developing roller; and an alternating voltage applying portion that, when an electrical discharge detection operation is performed in which the occurrence of the electrical discharge is detected by use of the detecting portion with the alternating voltage applied to the developing roller changed step by step, applies the alternating voltage having a duty ratio and a frequency different from the duty ratio and the frequency for an image forming operation so that the electrical discharge is made to occur simply in

Abstract: An upper member of a pillar has a substantially U-shaped cross section, and includes first side walls extending substantially in a transverse direction of the vehicle at least at a lower portion, and a connecting plate at a lower end while keeping the U-shaped cross section. A lower member includes a mounting plate opposed to the connecting plate at a lower portion being lower than an upper end, and second side walls extending substantially in the transverse direction at both end portions of the mounting plate in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The connecting plate and the mounting plate are welded to each other in a state that they are in abutment with each other, and the first side walls and the second side walls are joined to each other, and the upper member and the lower member are integrally fixed to each other.

Abstract: Upon receiving a request to control developing bias voltage, first and second square-wave signal output units output first and second square-wave signals, respectively. When a rising edge of the first square-wave signal coincides with a rising edge of the second square-wave signal, the rising edge of the second square-wave signal is advanced with respect to the rising edge of the first square-wave signal. When a falling edge of the first square-wave signal coincides with a falling edge of the second square-wave signal, the falling edge of the second square-wave signal is delayed with respect to the falling edge of the first square-wave signal. Subsequently, a voltage-controlling square-wave signal for controlling developing bias voltage is generated based on the first and second square-wave signals.

Abstract: To maximize pressing area of a clutch pressing portion (121f) in a seal integral type piston (120) having a piston main body (121) and a seal lip (122), a conical step surface (121g) is formed on an outer surface of an outer peripheral cylinder portion (121e), a clutch pressing portion (121f) is provided at an end of the outer peripheral cylinder portion (121e) via the conical step surface (121g), an end of a rubber film (124) extending from a base portion of the seal lip (122) along the outer surface of the outer peripheral cylinder portion (121e) is positioned at the conical step surface (121g), and a large radial width (a pressing area) of the clutch pressing portion (121f) is secured by making a rubber stop at a time of integrally molding the seal lip (122) on the piston main body (121) at the conical step surface (121g).

Abstract: A row decoding circuit (171) outputs a select signal to a row set in a row range setting unit (172) to select a select signal line (103), processing results from processing circuits (102) on this row are output to a data output line (104), and a row adder (106) adds processing results output to a data output line (104) of a column set in a column range selector (105).

Abstract: An upper member of a pillar has a substantially U-shaped cross section, and includes first side walls extending substantially in a transverse direction of the vehicle at least at a lower portion. The upper member includes a connecting plate at a lower end while keeping the U-shaped cross section. A lower member includes a mounting plate opposed to the connecting plate at a lower portion being lower than an upper end, and the lower member includes second side walls extending substantially in the transverse direction at both end portions of the mounting plate in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The connecting plate and the mounting plate are welded to each other in a state that the connecting plate and the mounting plate are in abutment with each other, and the first side walls and the second side walls or the first and second side walls and wall members attached to the first and second side walls, are joined to each other, and the upper member and the lower member are integrally fixed to each other.

Abstract: A parallel processing logic circuit for sensor signal processing includes sensors and processing units. The sensor and the processing unit are integrated in the same pixel and arranged in a matrix. The processing unit contains a logic structure that consists of a register and a combinational logic function to execute pixel-parallel processing, based on binary data for a sensor, other processing units, and itself. The combinational logic function performs only a predetermined logic function and its dual one exclusively, thereby sharing the circuit resource and reducing the size of the processing unit. The register focusing on compactness also contributes to the small unit.

Abstract: A press-bonding apparatus includes a backup member which supports a display panel, a heater tool which presses a wiring board, which is aligned at a predetermined position on the display panel via an adhesive member, toward the display panel between the heater tool and the backup member, and press-bonds the wiring board to the display panel, and a thermal resistor which is interposed between the backup member and the display panel.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an image correcting section. When an image of an object is input, the image correcting section performs correction processing for the input image including the object image and outputs the corrected image as an image required for authentication of the object. An image processing method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer transfer equipment transfers a plurality of semiconductor wafers, held in grooves of carriers in an erected state, to a boat using first and second wafer elevators equipped with a comb-teeth portion and a wafer grip and transfer unit. The first and second wafer elevators correspond to the carriers and the boat and are equipped with a position correction mechanism which corrects positions of comb-teeth openings of comb-teeth members provided on the comb-teeth portion, corresponding to semiconductor wafers housed in the grooves of the carriers.

Abstract: A preventive film for a polarizer which comprises a non-oriented two-layer film comprising a polycarbonate film having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or higher and, laminated on one surface thereof, a polyester him: a preventive film for a polarizer which comprises a non-oriented three-layer comprising a polycarbonate film having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or higher and a polyester film laminated on one surface thereof and a polybutylene terephthalate film laminated on the other surface thereof and a polarizing pate which uses a polarizing film comprising a polarizer and two sheets of the above film adhered by heating with no use of an adhesive agent to both sides thereof. The preventive film exhibits an extremely small double refraction and is capable of being adhered directly to a polarizer through heating and the polarizing plate can be produced at a low cost.