Abstract: A field emission electron source includes: a field emission array portion composed of an insulation layer with a plurality of apertures, which is formed on a substrate, an extraction electrode formed on the insulation layer, and a plurality of cathodes formed respectively on the substrate in the plurality of apertures; a cathode base for fixing the field emission array portion; and an electron lens portion composed of a plurality of electrode members having a function of accelerating and converging an electron beam emitted from the field emission array portion. An emission axis of the electron beam emitted from the field emission array portion has a predetermined angle with respect to an optical axis of the electron lens portion. Thus, the field emission array portion can be protected from impact caused by ions generated in the electron lens portion, thereby improving the life of a field emission electron source.

Abstract: A joining equipment in which a neural network is employed for controlling a joining process. A dynamic analog model is used for neuron elements configuring the network. The equipment includes a detector, a controller, and a neural network. The detector detects a joining state of a joining portion when work pieces are joined with each other. The controller controls the output of the joining equipment. In response to output signals from the detector, the neural network transmits signals to the controller. Such a structure allows the joining equipment to flexibly respond to complicated changes in joining states. Besides, using similarity with a thermal conduction equation enables to minimize the number of input items fed into the neural network. Furthermore, using an approximate solution to the thermal conduction equation realizes to accelerate the time for numerical calculation without loss of accuracy.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube according to the present invention include a cold cathode electron gun, the cold cathode electron gun including a cold cathode array for emitting electrons through field emission, a gate electrode for controlling the field emission, a first selective electrode provided around the cold cathode array and the gate electrode, and a second selective electrode opposing the first selective electrode, and the second selective electrode is adapted to have a lower potential than the gate electrode and the first selective electrode. In accordance with this configuration, the divergence of electron beams emitted from any positions in the cold cathode array can be converged uniformly upon removing electron beams emitted at a great emission angle. This allows the electron beams thereafter to be made narrower by an electrostatic lens. As a result, the present invention can provide a cathode ray tube capable of forming a high-resolution image.

Abstract: A cathode includes emitter tips provided on a substrate, a gate electrode with an electric field formed between the gate electrode and the emitter tips, and terminals and leads for supplying voltages to the emitter tips and the gate electrode, respectively. A shield electrode further is provided between the cathode and a control electrode, and the shield electrode has a cylindrical projecting portion projecting toward the cathode, through which electron beams pass. The disturbance of an electric field by the leads influences the electron beams; however, this can be prevented by the projecting portion. Because of this, even if the size of the cathode is reduced, the distortion of an electron beam spot on a phosphor screen can be reduced. As a result, a cathode-ray tube with high resolution can be provided at a low cost.

Abstract: A logic circuit having a first logic gate and remaining logic gate or gates. The first logic gate is interposed in a signal path determining an operating speed, and includes at least one first MOS transistor which has a threshold voltage lower than a predetermined voltage and operates at a high speed. The remaining logic gate or gates include at least one of a second MOS transistor and a third MOS transistor as a transistor having a margin for operating speed. The second MOS transistor has a middle threshold voltage equal to or greater than the predetermined voltage, and the third MOS transistor has a high threshold voltage equal to or greater than the predetermined voltage. The power consumption of the entire logic circuit at the time of operation is reduced, while maintaining the maximum operating speed.

Abstract: An authentication token includes a personal collation unit and communication unit. The personal collation unit includes a sensor, storage unit, and collation unit. The sensor detects biometrical information of a user and outputs the detection result as sensing data. The storage unit stores in advance registered data to be collated with the biometrical information of the user. The collation unit collates the registered data with the sensing data and outputs the collation result as authentication data. The communication unit transmits the authentication data from the personal collation unit to the use device as communication data. The personal collation unit and communication unit are integrated.

Abstract: A joining equipment in which a neural network is employed for controlling a joining process. A dynamic analog model is used for neuron elements configuring the network. The equipment includes a detector, a controller, and a neural network. The detector detects a joining state of a joining portion when work pieces are joined with each other. The controller controls the output of the joining equipment. In response to output signals from the detector, the neural network transmits signals to the controller. Such a structure allows the joining equipment to flexibly respond to complicated changes in joining states. Besides, using similarity with a thermal conduction equation enables to minimize the number of input items fed into the neural network. Furthermore, using an approximate solution to the thermal conduction equation realizes to accelerate the time for numerical calculation without loss of accuracy.

Abstract: A self-timed pipelined datapath system reduces its power dissipation by accurately controlling the active and inactive states of the multi-threshold CMOS (MT-CMOS) circuit used as its combinational circuit. The MT-CMOS circuit comprises a logic circuit of low-threshold and a power control circuit formed of high-threshold transistors for controlling the power feeding to the logic circuit. The self-timed pipelined datapath system comprises: a pipelined datapath circuit including a plurality of data processing stages, each having a combinational circuit for processing input data and a register connected to the input side of the combinational circuit; and an asynchronous signal control circuit that controls data transmission to and from each of the registers in the pipelined datapath circuit in response to a request signal.

Abstract: A resistor welding machine control method for calculating a temperature distribution at a portion to be welded by using changes in welding current and voltage across two welding electrodes during welding and information on sheet combination sequence at a spot-welding position, and for controlling at least the welding current or pressure applied to the electrodes by using the calculated temperature distribution. The present invention can thus provide a resistor welding machine control method capable of controlling welding quality accurately. Spot-welding position information, wear comparison information and the like are available as other information.

Abstract: A dynamic logic circuit comprising a plurality of unit dynamic logic circuits sequentially coupled in a multiple-stage fashion, each of which unit dynamic logic circuits including: a logic circuit portion formed by one or more than one MOS transistors; a first MOS transistor for a precharging or a pre-discharging operation with respect to the logic circuit; and a second MOS transistor to enable the logic circuit a discharging or a charging operation; wherein the MOS transistors composing the logic circuit portion are configured by low-threshold MOS transistors; and the second MOS transistor to enable the discharging or charging operation is composed of a high-threshold MOS transistor. The dynamic circuit is applied to a plural stage of combinational circuits in a self-timed pipelined datapath system, whereby a static leakage current at charging or pre-discharging operation can be reduced, resulting in decrease of power dissipation.

Abstract: A self-timed pipelined datapath system reduces its power dissipation by accurately controlling the active and inactive states of the multi-threshold CMOS (MT-CMOS) circuit used as its combinational circuit. The MT-CMOS circuit comprises a logic circuit of low-threshold and a power control circuit formed of high-threshold transistors for controlling the power feeding to the logic circuit. The self-timed pipelined datapath system comprises: a pipelined datapath circuit including a plurality of data processing stages, each having a combinational circuit for processing input data and a register connected to the input side of the combinational circuit; and an asynchronous signal control circuit that controls data transmission to and from each of the registers in the pipelined datapath circuit in response to a request signal.

Abstract: A method for evaluating quality of a resistance weld is provided, in which a nugget generation state during a welding process is evaluated by observable numerical values based on physical phenomena, and which can afford a wide application range in welding material as well as a capability of accurate knowledge as to the nugget generation state of the weld. Based on that a specific resistance value of a metal material to be welded has a temperature dependency in a conduction state of AC or current-pulsated welding current, a rate of change of inter-chip dynamic resistance instantaneous value during a current changing period is determined, a changing state of the dynamic resistance instantaneous value is further calculated, and a heat-generating state of a weld zone, i.e., a nugget formation state is estimated. Thus, a quality evaluation of a weld is performed accurately.

Abstract: A logic circuit having a first logic gate and the remaining logic gate or gates. The first logic gate is interposed in a signal path determining an operating speed, and includes at least one first MOS transistor which has a threshold voltage lower than a predetermined voltage and operates at a high speed. The remaining logic gate or gates include at least one of a second MOS transistor and a third MOS transistor as a transistor having a margin for operating speed. The second MOS transistor has a middle threshold voltage equal to or greater than the predetermined voltage, and the third MOS transistor has a high threshold voltage equal to or greater than the predetermined voltage. The power consumption of the entire logic circuit at the time of operation is reduced, while maintaining the maximum operating speed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of controlling welding conditions of a resistance welder, in which the nugget generating state can be estimated with general-purpose properties, and in which accurate and high-quality resultant welding can be obtained. Through a process of using a heat conduction simulator for performing simulation of a welding portion on the basis of heat conduction calculation, estimating the status quantity expressing the state in which a nugget is formed in the welding portion during welding, comparing the status quantity with reference status quantity led out of a physical phenomenon generating during welding at the time of estimation, and correcting the heat conduction simulator on the basis of the comparison result, it is possible to control the welding conditions accurately, and it is possible to obtain accurate and high-quality resultant welding.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a resistance welding machine comprises a welding current detecting device for detecting a welding current, interelectrode voltage detecting device for detecting an interelectrode voltage, a calculating section for predicting a nugget growth or estimating an expulsion & surface-flash generation probability, and control section for controlling the welding current so that the nugget growth or the expulsion & surface-flash generation probability can be adjusted to a predetermined value.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the resistance welding comprises a first operation for yielding an estimated condition value representing a state of nugget formation through the application of a thermal conduction simulation to welding part, a second operation for outputting a modification to welding condition based on the result of comparison between the estimated condition value and a predetermined standard condition value for forming a desired nugget, and an output for practically changing the welding condition of welding unit in accordance with the modification. Namely, the welding condition is kept controlled through the feedback of difference between a given standard condition value and an estimated condition value derived from simulation.

Abstract: A light beam heating system is suited for use in performing local heating. The light beam heating system includes a light source for emitting light, an optical lens assembly for converging the light emitted from the light source on an object to be heated, and a gas cylinder for supplying shielding gas towards the object via a gas regulator, a gas valve, and a gas nozzle. During heating, the oxygen concentration of an atmosphere around the object is maintained to less than 5%. Preferably, the shielding gas is supplied to the object via a temperature regulator so that the shielding gas may be heated to a desired temperature prior to the heating of the object.

Abstract: A welding voltage output from a power source of a resistance welder is derived on the basis of a welding current and an interelectrode voltage, and diameter of a nugget which is formed in a sheetlike work to be welded is estimated on the basis of the welding current, the welding voltage, data of material constant and a thickness of the sheetlike work, subsequently, the estimated diameter of nugget is composed with a target diameter of nugget, and thereby quality of the resistance welding is determined.

Abstract: A light-beam heating apparatus utilizes light energy effectively by having a light emitting portion of a radiating lamp coincide with a first focal point of an ellipsoidal reflecting mirror automatically and with high accuracy Light intensity and positional information at a light receiving end of an optical fiber are detected by means of a photodetector, a light intensity signal converted by a photoelectric converter is inputted to an arithmetic drive circuit, a drive mechanism of a radiating lamp fitting mechanism is actuated, the light emitting portion of the radiating lamp is moved in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction successively in a direction that the light intensity increases, a central axis of a distribution of light condensed by an ellipsoidal reflecting mirror and a central part of the light receiving end of the optical fiber are made to always coincide with each other so as to utilize the light energy effectively.

Abstract: A light beam irradiation apparatus includes a light source, a reflector for condensing light emitted from the light source, and a fiber cable for transmitting light reflected by the reflector. The fiber cable accommodates at least one bundle of optical fibers arrayed at random so that a fiber array at its first end differs from that at its second end. The apparatus further includes a lens, mounted on the second end of the fiber cable, for focusing the light on an object to be treated.