Abstract: A method to determine a discrimination threshold of a received signal input from an optical transmission line comprises steps of measuring a bit error rate of the received signal at each of a plurality of discrimination thresholds by changing a polarization direction of an optical signal to enter the optical transmission line to detect the worst bit error rate at each discrimination threshold, and searching a predetermined bit error rate from the plurality of the detected worst bit error rates and searching a discrimination threshold of the received signal according to the predetermined bit error rate.

Abstract: In an optical transmission system, an optical transmission line has up and down systems and loops back a supervisory light between the up and down systems. Trunk stations are provided at both ends of the optical transmission line and one or more optically branching units are provided in the optical transmission line for add/dropping a specific wavelength respectively. A branch station is connected to each of one or more the branching units. A bypass line for bypassing the supervisory light is provided in each of the one or more optically branching units.

Abstract: A dispersion compensation device comprises a chirped grating, and a first optical unit for guiding at least a lightwave signal with a wavelength of &lgr;i that needs a positive dispersion compensation and is applied thereto to one end portion of the chirped grating whose grating pitch is shorter, and for furnishing light reflected by the chirped grating to outside the device. The device further comprises a second optical unit for guiding at least a lightwave signal with a wavelength of &lgr;i that needs a negative dispersion compensation and is applied thereto to another end portion of the chirped grating whose grating pitch is longer, and for furnishing light reflected by the chirped grating to outside the device. Both the first and second optical units can be either optical circulators or optical couplers.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit comprises many RAMs, a supplementary RAM, and test/repair control logic which detects a defective RAM out of the multiple RAMs. If a defective RAM is detected, selectors supplement such a defective RAM with the supplementary RAM.

Abstract: Radio terminal equipment is provided with an oscillator connected to a receiving circuit, a DPLL 16 for detecting and correcting the phase difference between the received frequency and the oscillation frequency of the oscillator, a switch for connecting a capacitor to or disconnecting from the oscillator, and control means 17 for effecting ON-OFF control of the switch based on the output signal from the DPLL 16.

Abstract: In a repair signal generating circuit, a first p-channel transistor has its source connected to a power supply, and a reset signal is input into its gate. An n-channel transistor has its source connected to a terminal of a grounded fuse, its drain connected to the drain of the first p-channel transistor, and the reset signal is input into its gate. A second p-channel transistor has its drain connected to the drains of the first p-channel transistor and the n-channel transistor, and its source connected to the power supply. The on-resistance of the second p-channel transistor is higher than that of the n-channel transistor. An inverter has its input terminal connected to the drains of the first p-channel transistor and the n-channel transistor, and its output terminal, where a repair signal is output, connected to the gate of the second p-channel transistor.

Abstract: An improved massaging apparatus includes a massaging element for performing a massaging action, a drive mechanism for driving the massaging element, diagnostic inquiry means for addressing a diagnostic inquiry to a user, input means for inputting a user's answer to the diagnostic inquiry, judgment means for judging the physical condition of the user based on the user's answer, setting means for setting massaging conditions of a massage operation based on the judgment made by the judgment means, and execution means for causing the drive mechanism to drive the massaging element according to the massaging conditions set by the setting means.

Abstract: A feed line connecting circuit for selectively connecting first, second and third feed line connecting terminals under a predetermined current feeding condition comprises a first current detector connected between one of the first and second feed line connecting terminals and a central node for detecting a current over a predetermined value; a first switch connected between the one of the first and second feed line connecting terminals and the central node for connecting said one of the first and second feed line connecting terminals to the central node under an unpowered condition; a selective switch controlled by the first current detector, the selective switch having first and second contacts and a common contact connected to the third feed line connecting terminal, the common contact being connected to the first selective contact when the first current detector does not detect a current over the predetermined value, and to the second selective contact when the first current detector detects a current over

Abstract: A demultiplexer device is used in a wavelength-division multiplexed optical fiber communication line to achieve efficient dispersion compensation and loss compensation as well as a reduction of active devices such as optical amplifiers. The demultiplexer device has a series of couplers disposed in multi-stages from the input of the demultiplexer. Each coupler has two branches with one branch of each coupler connected to a separate optical filter and the other branches are series connected to a subsequent stage of the couplers through equalizing fibers, except for the final stage which has its second branch connected to an optical filter for the shortest wavelength transmitted. The equalizing fibers are thus serially connected between couplers and act to perform a cumulative dispersion compensation. The quantity of the equalizing fibers can thus be reduced as a whole, and as a result the attenuation amount also decreases, so that the number of optical amplifiers can be reduced.

Abstract: A read only semiconductor memory includes a memory cell array having columns of memory cell groups, each group including memory cells arranged in rows and columns. A flag memory indicates whether stored data has been inverted. Word lines in rows connect memory cells and flag memory cells. Bit line groups connect memory cells of the memory cell groups. A flag bit line includes lines connecting to the flag memory cells. A bit line selector and a flag bit selector select a flag bit line. An output circuit may convert stored information. Row address signals select one of the word lines, and the information stored in memory cells and flag memory cells connected to the word line are read on the corresponding bit lines. A bit line selector receives the column address signals, and a bit line selector selects one of the bit lines, and a flag bit line selector selects one of the flag bit lines, which appear on the signal lines.

Abstract: A method of suppressing noise and improving the optical transmission characteristic of a wavelength division multiplexing transmission system provides lights for suppressing noise from the light sources (NS1 and NS2) which are multiplexed on the wavelength division multiplexed signal. Consequently, the S/N ratio of each channel of a wavelength division multiplexed signal which propagates through the optical path can be improved.

Abstract: A reception data expander includes: an adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) decoder activated when error detection information attains a reception data error nondetected state for expanding an input ADPCM code into a PCM (pulse code modulation) code, and inhibited of its decoding process operation when the error detection information indicates an error detected state; a memory circuit set to a write state when the error detection information attains an error nondetected state for sequentially storing generated ADPCM code, and outputting a stored PCM code when the error detection information is rendered to an error detected state; and a reconstructed output switch for selecting and providing to the next PCM decoder a PCM code when the error detection information attains an error nondetected state, and a PCM code read out from the memory circuit when the error detection information attains an error detected state.

Abstract: An operating circuit carrying out a conditional branch to judge a value level of a calculated result output from an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) during one machine cycle, using an address unit, realizes shorter processing time and low power consumption.

Abstract: A serial printer is composed of a paper feeding mechanism for feeding paper, a print head having a plurality of dot printing elements arranged in a feeding direction of the paper, a head moving mechanism for moving the print head in a direction substantially perpendicular to the paper feeding direction to scan the paper, a raster buffer for storing bit map pattern data for a scanning area of the print head, and a control section for causing the print head to print a dot image corresponding to the bit map pattern data stored in the raster buffer while moving the print head in a printing direction and reversing the printing direction after printing the dot image.

Abstract: Method of welding a carbon steel and a austenitic stainless steel involves using high density energy beam like a laser beam or electron beam. Welding using high density energy beam is effective to obtain a high precision welding. For the purpose of obtaining both high precision and no cracks, and no deformation, the method of the invention controls the structure of a weld portion to be a mixed structure of an austenitic structure and not greater than 20 wt % of a ferritic structure.

Abstract: A light amplifying apparatus adopting a redundant structure. Optical isolators 13, 14 are inserted between pump light sources 1, 2 and a photocoupler 4 so as to prevent injection locking, thereby preventing fluctuation of pump power.In another embodiment, optical fibers 15 adequately longer than the coherence length of the excitation light waves output from the pump light sources are provided. In still another embodiment, the frequency of the driving current for the pump light sources is modulated. In a further embodiment, wave plates 20, 21 are provided so as to circularly polarize the light waves output from the pump light sources clockwise and counterclockwise.

Abstract: A welded metal container for a sheath 1 or 1A of gas insulated switch gear comprises a trunk pipe 2, 21 and a branch pipes 3, 31, 32 welded to the trunk pipe 2,21 by arc welding A or laser beam welding LB and flanges welded to the each end portion of the trunk pipe 2, 21 and branch pipes 3, 31, 32 by the laser beam welding. After the arc welding A, the ends of trunk pipe 1, 21 and branch pipes 3, 31, 32 are machined precisely and flanges 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4f and 4g are welded to the end portions of the trunk pipe 2, 21 and branch pipes 3, 31, 32.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a welded metal container by first arc welding a branch pipe to a trunk pipe. The arc welding of the pipes together causes both of the pipes to be thermally deformed. The end surfaces of the pipes are then cut by a laser cutting or mechanical cutting process so that the ends of the trunk pipe are in parallel and perpendicular to the end of the branch pipe. Subsequently flanges are laser welded to the ends of the pipes without further thermally deforming the pipes. The metal container made by this process can be used as a sheath for a gas insulated switch gear.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has an electroconductive support, and a photosensitive layer formed thereon. The photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: A pumping light source drive system is disclosed for driving pumping light sources of an optical amplifier which is composed of a rare earth doped optical fiber doped with a rare earth element and said pumping light sources. The pumping light sources are always held in operation. The output signal power at the output of the rare earth doped optical fiber or the combined power of the pumping light sources is detected and compared with a predetermined reference power to control the output power of the pumping light sources, so that the output signal power or the combined power of the pumping light sources reaches a predetermined value.