Abstract: A semiconductor memory device has a malfunction prevention device and a nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: A computer system comprising: (A) a CPU; (B) a memory arrangement comprising: (i) a side-wall memory array including a plurality of side-wall memory transistors; (ii) a charge pump; (iii) a plurality of switching circuits; and (iv) logic circuitry; and (C) a system bus, wherein each of the side-wall memory transistors comprises: a gate electrode formed on a semiconductor layer with a gate insulating film formed on the semiconductor layer; a channel region formed below the gate electrode; a pair of diffusion regions formed on the both sides of the channel region and having a conductive type opposite to that of the channel region; and a pair of memory functional units formed on the both sides of the gate electrode and having a function of retaining charges.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a memory cell formed of a nonvolatile resistance variable memory device in which a resistance value is variable according to the application of electrical stress, and a selection transistor; and word-line-voltage feeding means that feeds a word line voltage to a word line to be coupled to the memory cell. When executing a program operation for the memory cell and a verify operation for verifying a program state of the memory cell, the word-line-voltage feeding means feeds the word line voltage of the same voltage level to the word line to be coupled to the memory cell selected as a program target for two operations set as mutually related front and rear steps, namely, a program operation to be executed for the memory cell and a verify operation to be executed to verify a program state of the memory cell.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a plurality of memory cells, each of which is capable of storing N-level data and being reprogrammed; and a plurality of monitor cells that separately store individual data values of the N-level data by using the same scheme as that used for the memory cells. Sensing means senses whether a physical quantity of the monitor cell which corresponds to the data value stored in the monitor cell is within a preset range; verification means verifies whether the physical quantity of the memory cell which corresponds to the data value stored in the memory cell is within the preset range when the sensing means has sensed that the physical quantity of the monitor cell is out of the preset range; correction means corrects the physical quantity.

Abstract: Provided is a deinking agent making it possible to improve ink collecting power in the step of flotation and yield high-quality deinked pulp without lowering the yield of pulp. It is a deinking agent comprising an ester of an alkylene oxide-added product of glycerin, its hydroxyl value (OHV), saponification value (SV) and acid value (AV) satisfying the following: OHV/(SV−AV+OHV) ranges from 0 to 0.3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a memory cell having a variable resistor as a memory element, and also provides a memory device comprising the memory cells. The variable resistor is made of a thin-film material (for example, PCMO) or the like having a perovskite structure. So the memory cell can operate at a low voltage and can be highly integrated. The memory cell MC is formed of a combination of a current controlling device and a variable resistor. A field-effect transistor, diode or bipolar transistor is used as the current controlling device. The current controlling device is connected in series with the current path of the variable resistor so as to control a current flowing through the variable resistor.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device of the present invention includes: a main memory circuit including memory cells arranged in a matrix form, the memory cells being formed of electrically writable and erasable floating gate transistors each provided at an intersection of a bit line and a word line; and a redundant substitution information memory circuit including a plurality of memory cells formed of the electrically writable and erasable floating gate transistors, wherein one end of each memory cell formed of the floating gate transistors in the redundant substitution information memory circuit can be electrically connected to and disconnected from the bit line in the main memory circuit by a selection transistor so as to supply the memory cells in the redundant substitution information memory circuit with current for writing and reading operations via the bit lines.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device of the present invention includes: a main memory circuit including memory cells arranged in a matrix form, the memory cells being formed of electrically writable and erasable floating gate transistors each provided at an intersection of a bit line and a word line; and a redundant substitution information memory circuit including a plurality of memory cells formed of the electrically writable and erasable floating gate transistors, wherein one end of each memory cell formed of the floating gate transistors in the redundant substitution information memory circuit can be electrically connected to and disconnected from the bit line in the main memory circuit by a selection transistor so as to supply the memory cells in the redundant substitution information memory circuit with current for writing and reading operations via the bit lines.

Abstract: A paper bulking promoter containing a compound represented by the following formula (1) with which a highly bulky sheet can be obtained without impairing paper strength: RO(EO)m(PO)nH  (1) wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl group in which the alkyl group has 4 to 20 carbon atoms; E represents an ethylene group; P represents a propylene group; m indicates the average number of moles added in the range of 0≦m≦20; and n is a number in the range of 0≦n≦50; provided that the EO and PO groups may have any of block and random arrangements and may begin with any of EO and PO.

Abstract: A liquid deinking composition comprising (a) a fatty acid mixture containing 40 to 90 weight % of saturated fatty acids having 12 to 14 carbon atoms and less than 60 weight % of saturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, (b) a nonionic surfactant with HLB of 2 to 12 in a proportion of (a)/(b)=5/95 to 40/60 (weight ratio), and (c) 0 to 20 weight % (based on the composition) of water.No crystals of fatty acids are precipitated at ambient temperatures, and the separation, solidification or precipitation of crystals due to a temperature change is not caused. Further, the handling property is improved because of the liquid form.

Abstract: Deinking agent represented by the following formula (I):R--O--X--H (I)wherein R is derived from a phenolic compound, optionally substituted with a C.sub.6-16 alkyl or alkenyl (linear or branched) group, or from a C.sub.6-16 alkyl or alkenyl (linear or branched) higher alcohol, and X represents a polyalkylene group consisting of at least three units arranged in block and at least one unit arranged at random, with both ends of each random unit adjacent to a block unit, and a method of reclaiming waste paper using same.

Abstract: In the deinking of feed waste papers comprising magazines and newspapers at a weight ratio of magazine to newspaper of from 5/95 to 60/40, a reclaimed pulp with excellent qualities can be obtained by adjusting the treating temperature in the flotation step to 40.degree. to 80.degree. C. and adding a deinking agent, which contains an alkylene oxide adduct of an oil or fat, wherein said alkylene oxide adduct comprises ethylene oxide and propylene oxide added at a molar ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide of from 1/1 to 5/1, and has a cloud point of 45.degree. to 90.degree. C., at least in one of the steps of the deinking process.

Abstract: A deinking method which comprises adding a specified nonionic surfactant having a specified solubility parameter as an essential component, during in the pulping step (the preceding step) and in any of the subsequent steps (the succeeding step). By use of the deinking surfactant composition and the deinking method of the present invention, an excellent deinking performance, including an elevated whiteness, a decrease in the number of unliberated large ink spots and an improved defoaming property of the flotation reject, can be achieved in deinking waste papers, in particular, waste OA papers and blends containing thereof.

Abstract: A deinking composition which comprises a specified nonionic surfactant having a specified solubility parameter as an essential component.A deinking method which comprises adding the above-described deinking composition during in the pulping step (the preceding step) and in any of the subsequent steps (the succeeding step).By use of the deinking composition and the deinking method of the present invention, an excellent deinking performance, including an elevated whiteness, a decrease in the number of unliberated large ink spots and an improved defoaming property of the flotation reject, can be achieved in deinking waste papers, in particular, waste OA papers and blends containing thereof.

Abstract: A deinking agent for regenerating waste paper, which comprises a reaction product obtained by reacting a compound having an OH group, which is represented by the following (A) or (B) with a dicarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof as an active ingredient:(A) a compound obtained by adding ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to a higher fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in such a manner as to control the molar ratio of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide to from 1 to 4 and to control the total amount of the added ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to from 10 to 50 moles on average; or(B) an incomplete ester of a polyhydric alcohol, to which ethylene oxide and propylene oxide have been added in such a manner as to control the molar ratio of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide to from 1 to 4 and to control the total amount of the added ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to from 10 to 50 moles per OH group on average, and a higher fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms;is disclosed.

Abstract: A deinking composition for use in the reclamation of waste paper consisting essentially of a mixture of higher fatty acids having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, or salts thereof, wherein the average carbon atom number of said fatty acids in said mixture ranges from 12.7 to 21.5, and wherein the content of higher fatty acids having 20 to 24 carbon atoms or salts thereof, ranges from 9.6 to 70.6% by weight, said mixture having an iodine value (IV) of not greater than 45.

Abstract: A deinking agent comprising an ester mixture as the active ingredient, wherein the ester mixture is obtained by adding ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to a mixture obtained by reacting a natural fat or a reaction product, obtained by preliminarily reacting a natural fat with glycerol, with a monohydric or dihydric alcohol in such a manner as to give a molar ratio of the alcohol to the glycerol in the natural fat of from 0.02/1 to 1/1. By using the deinking agent of the present invention, a less sticky deinked pulp can be obtained without any foaming troubles or dulling.

Abstract: A deinking composition comprising a deinking agent which is a reaction product obtained by:(a) reacting (i) a natural oil or a fat or a reaction product of a natural oil or a fat with glycerine, with (ii) a hexahydric alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of said hexahydric alcohol and glycerine moiety in said natural oil and fat is in the range of between 0.05/1-0.48/1, to obtain an ester mixture having a hydroxyl group value (OHV) of 18-220; and(b) reacting said ester mixture with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide wherein the molar ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide is in the range of between 1.8 and 2.2, and the average mole number of added ethylene oxide is in the range of between 30 and 300, based on the mole number of glycerides present.

Abstract: A deinking composition comprising a reaction product of a glyceride mixture, derived from natural oil and fat with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The glyceride mixture comprises 5 to 10 percent by weight of monoglycerides, 30 to 45 percent by weight of diglycerides and 50 to 70 percent by weight of triglycerides. The reaction product has a molar ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide in the range of 1.8 to 2.2 and has, on average, from 30 to 80 moles of added ethylene oxide per mole of glycerides.

Abstract: A deinking composition is used for reclamation of waste paper and comprises (a) an alkylene oxide adduct to a mixture of a natural oil or fat and a polyhydric alcohol and (b-1) an alkylene oxide adduct of a higher alcohol, (b-2) a sulfate of (b-1) or (b-3) a higher fatty acid.