Abstract: A disk drive suspension load beam having reduced mass for lessened shock in use and progressively modified stiffness and torsion values from its rearward portion to its forward portion is provided by trenching the rearward and/or intermediate portions to form on the flexure bearing, or opposite, face of the load beam a longitudinal series of transverse grooves in the rearward portion and in the intermediate portion inside the edge margin thereof, suitably cross-ribbed for stiffness, the rearward portion trenches being on the opposite face unless the intermediate portion is also trenched.

Abstract: A path protection switch ring system has a working line, a protection line, and a plurality of add/drop multiplexers. The add/drop multiplexer has a path-switch unit, an unequipped signal detection unit, and a path-switch control unit. The path-switch unit is used to switch between the working line and the protection line. The unequipped signal detection unit is used to detect an unequipped signal which is output when line setting has not been carried out. The path-switch control unit is used to control the switching operation of the path-switch unit when the unequipped signal is detected.

Abstract: An add-drop multiplexer contains a partial drop unit and a partial add unit. The partial drop unit selects a number n of first signal(s) of n channel(s) among a number N of first signals of N channels, which are received from a first transmission line, and transmits the n first signal(s) of n channel(s) on at least one second transmission line, where N and n are integers satisfying N>n>0. The partial add unit receives n second signal(s) of n channel(s) from at least one third transmission line, and a number (N-n) of first signal(s) of (N-n) channel(s) among the N first signals of the N channels, which are not selected by the partial drop unit, and transmits on the first transmission line the n second signal(s) of n channel(s) and the (N-n) first signal(s) of (N-n) channel(s) as N third signals of N channels.

Abstract: A method for signal transmission and reception by a bidirectional bus system in which plural devices performing the communication of a command and a request are interconnected over a bidirectional bus includes the steps of providing a frame of a transmission signal on the bidirectional bus the frame including an address field for designating addresses of communicating devices and a data field for designating the command or request to be transmitted, and inserting the discrimination information for discriminating between the command and the request at a pre-set position in the data field. The transmission signal including the discrimination information is transmitted over the bidirectional bus to other devices. A communication system employing such a bidirectional bus system is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention involves the production of octahydrocoumarins from coumarins and/or 3,4-dihydrocoumarins in good yields by a simple process which can be industrially carried out, by reducing coumarins and/or 3,4-dihydrocoumarins to octohydrocoumarins with hydrogen in the presence of an alcohol and a ruthenium catalyst, and optionally heating resultant 3-(2-hydroxycyclohexyl) propionate contained in the reduction reaction mixture to conduct cyclization/dealcoholization and convert same to octohydrocoumarins.

Abstract: A communication protocol can communicate data among apparatus by a simple procedure efficiently. In an AV center (1) (D2B control unit (1a), for example, a communication mode thereof is set in the master transmission mode, and a packet of one frame is transmitted to a TV (2). In the TV 2 (D2B control unit (2a)), its communication mode is set in the slave reception mode. When a packet of one frame from the AV center (1) is received by the TV (2), a communication between the AV center (1) and the TV (2) is ended.

Abstract: An extended storage is temporarily used for the dedicated use by a batch process to eliminate the contention of resources between an online process and the batch process and attain a high speed batch process while the online process is executed without affecting the online process. The online process is executed by inputting data from a file to a main storage, and the batch process updates the data on the extended storage in parallel with the online process. Since the accessing device for the online process and the batch process are different, there is no contention of resources. When the batch process is completed, the updated data is reloaded from the extended storage to the file. During the reloading of the updated data, the online process inputs the data from the extended storage.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser package comprises a cooling structure constituted by sequentially laminating a lower substrate, a Peltier element, and an upper substrate, a heat sink having a laser element and mounted on the cooling structure, and a cap member for sealing the cooling structure and the heat sink, wherein one of the upper and lower substrate also serves as a base member of the semiconductor laser package.

Abstract: Lens control apparatus for use in a video camera in which an object is imaged through an adjustable lens onto an image pick-up element from which a video signal is derived. The lens is driven for focus or zoom adjustments by servo control at a rate determined by the synchronizing signal included in the video signal. The aperture of the video camera also is controlled by detecting the amount of light which impinges on the image pickup element and then determining the ratio between the detected light level and a reference level representing the brightness of the object. The aperture is driven (i.e. it is enlarged or reduced) as a function of the product of the aforementioned ration and a coefficient which changes with the aperture opening. When the aforementioned ratio is less than unity, the coefficient increases as the aperture opening decreases and, conversely, decreases as the opening increases.

Abstract: A focus control system for a video camera determines a first gradient indicative of a change in value of a predetermined frequency component in the video signal for first and second positions obtained from the signal of predetermined frequency component in the video signal sampled at the first lens position and at the second lens position, and determines a second gradient indicative of a change in value of the predetermined frequency component in the video signal for second and third lens positions obtained from the signal of the predetermined frequency component in the video signal sampled at the third lens position point, and the speed of longitudinal movement of the lens is controlled in accordance with changes in the first and second gradients, thereby permitting faster focusing and reducing the amount of overrun of the lens during such focusing.

Abstract: A video camera has a body with an imager therein for providing a video signal in response to the projection of a light image thereon by a selected exchangeable lens device removably mounted on the camera body, and first and second computers in the camera body and lens device, respectively, which are programmed so that, in an initial communication sequence therebetween after the selected lens device is mounted on the camera body, the second microcomputer transmits optical characteristic data for the respective lens device to the first microcomputer in response to a data transmission request signal from the latter, and further so that, in a control communication sequence which follows the initial communication sequence, the first microcomputer transmits a control signal to the second microcomputer on the basis of the received optical characteristic data and a controlled status signal supplied to the first microcomputer from the second microcomputer.

Abstract: A mode processing circuit for a multi-operation mode electronic apparatus including a mode stack having a plurality of stages in which an input command signal is stored as an operation mode of the multi-operation mode electronic apparatus, wherein the operation mode inputted to the mode stack is sequentially stored and optimized and the optimized operation mode is read out from the mode stack in the sequential order and then executed after the transition of the operation mode is ended.