Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display panel, a light source, an optical sheet, a frame, and an optical element. The light source is opposed to the liquid crystal display panel. The optical sheet is disposed between the liquid crystal display panel and the light source, and includes a first functional layer transmitting a polarized component in one direction of light emitted from the light source and a second functional layer that controls an outgoing direction of the light transmitted through the first functional layer. The frame is disposed around the liquid crystal display panel, and includes a protrusion protruding toward an inner peripheral side between the liquid crystal display panel and the optical sheet and supporting the liquid crystal display panel. The optical element is disposed on an optical path of light outgoing from the optical sheet toward the protrusion of the frame, and changes a polarized state of light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate including a first display electrode and a second display electrode that is disposed opposite the first display electrode with an insulator interposed between the first display electrode and the second display electrode, a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. In each pixel, the first display electrode includes a plurality of first openings, and the second display electrode includes a plurality of second openings disposed corresponding to positions of the plurality of first openings.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate including a first display electrode and a second display electrode that is disposed opposite the first display electrode with an insulator interposed between the first display electrode and the second display electrode, a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first display electrode includes a plurality of first openings in each pixel, and an interior angle of at least one apex constituting the first opening is different from interior angles of another apex in each of the plurality of first openings.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate including a first display electrode and a second display electrode that is disposed opposite the first display electrode with an insulator interposed between the first display electrode and the second display electrode, a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first display electrode includes a plurality of first openings in each pixel, and an interior angle of at least one apex constituting the first opening is different from interior angles of another apex in each of the plurality of first openings.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate including a first display electrode and a second display electrode that is disposed opposite the first display electrode with an insulator interposed between the first display electrode and the second display electrode, a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first display electrode includes a plurality of first openings in each pixel, and an interior angle of at least one apex constituting the first opening is different from interior angles of another apex in each of the plurality of first openings.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate including a first display electrode and a second display electrode that is disposed opposite the first display electrode with an insulator interposed between the first display electrode and the second display electrode, a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. In each pixel, the first display electrode includes a plurality of first openings, and the second display electrode includes a plurality of second openings disposed corresponding to positions of the plurality of first openings.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate including a gate line, a data line, a pixel electrode, a common electrode, and a photo-alignment film; a second substrate including a photo-alignment film; a liquid crystal layer including a negative liquid crystal molecule; and a spacer that keeps an interval between the substrates constant. The first substrate and the second substrate are formed such that a rate of change is larger than 6.25% in the spacer, the rate of change indicating a rate of an amount of change to a reference height, the amount of change indicating a difference between the reference height and a height after pushing and bonding of the first substrate and the second substrate to each other, the reference height indicating an original height before bonding of the first substrate and the second substrate to each other.

Abstract: Provided is a display device having a viewing angle changing function, which is capable of preventing leakage of information displayed on a display screen even when there is a fault generated in changing the viewing angle. The image display device including a viewing angle changing element capable of changing a wide vision display and a narrow vision display and including a display element is provided with a detection element which detects a fault generated in the viewing angle changing element and a module for changing to a narrow vision display when there is a fault based on a detection value of the detection element. For example, when there is a fault, a transparent heater is operated to heat a liquid crystal layer to set a transparent-scattering changing element to a transparent state and forcibly set the display device to a narrow vision display.

Abstract: Provided is a display device having a viewing angle changing function, which is capable of preventing leakage of information displayed on a display screen even when there is a fault generated in changing the viewing angle. The image display device including a viewing angle changing element capable of changing a wide vision display and a narrow vision display and including a display element is provided with a detection element which detects a fault generated in the viewing angle changing element and a module for changing to a narrow vision display when there is a fault based on a detection value of the detection element. For example, when there is a fault, a transparent heater is operated to heat a liquid crystal layer to set a transparent-scattering changing element to a transparent state and forcibly set the display device to a narrow vision display.

Abstract: The invention is an optical element for limiting the propagation of light in oblique directions with respect to the optical element surface, and includes: a transparent substrate and a light ray control layer formed on a flat surface of said transparent substrate, wherein the light ray control layer has a transparent portion and a light absorbing portion, the transparent portion has a plurality of independent pattern elements having an identical configuration separated by said light absorbing portion and arranged at intervals.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a functional element substrate to which a pixel is formed in a predetermined cycle; an opposed substrate formed on the functional element substrate; and an optical device arranged on the opposed substrate, which includes a transparent layer and an optical absorption layer arranged in a cycle of 1/n (n is an integer number) of the cycle of arranging the pixel, and restricts spread of transmitted light.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display device capable of switching the range of viewing angles while being able to reduce the cost and thickness of the device, and to provide an electronic appliance having the same. The display device according to the present invention includes: a liquid crystal type display panel having a diffusive reflection part which diffusively reflects light irradiated from the front side while transmitting light from the back side; and a backlight source disposed on a back face of the display panel along the display panel for switchably outputting transmission light of different directivities.

Abstract: To provide an optical writing device that outputs image light to be recorded to a display recording medium. An optical element thereof includes a two-dimensional periodic structural body including periodic structure sections sectioned along a direction orthogonal to the direction along which transparent layers and light absorption layers are arranged alternately in a repeated manner. At least a part of the periodic structure sections is in a periodic structure in which the transparent layers and the light absorption layers are arranged alternately by varying phases of spatial frequencies of the transparent layers neighboring in the orthogonal direction. Repeated period pitches of the transparent layers and the light absorption layers in the two orthogonal directions of the two-dimensional periodic structural body are set to match with each other, and the repeated period pitches are set to be narrower than a layout pitch of the pixels of the spatial light modulating element.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element manufacturing method that is capable of forming various kinds of shapes and capable of achieving sophisticated functions, improved yields, and cost reductions. The method includes: a step that applies a transparent photosensitive resin on a transparent substrate with light-shielding patterns provided thereon; a step that forms transparent layers by performing patterning through irradiating exposure light of an arbitrary amount on the transparent photosensitive resin via the transparent substrate with the light-shielding patterns provided thereon; a step that forms light absorption layers by filling a black curable resin between the transparent layers; and an irradiation step that irradiates the exposure light in an oblique direction to the surface of the transparent substrate where the light-shielding patterns are formed in a state where the transparent substrate is being bent.

Abstract: A beam direction control element has transparent areas and light absorption areas alternately arranged on a surface of a substrate, wherein the light absorption areas function as a louver for controlling the direction of a beam of light. The beam direction control element is manufactured by disposing an optically transparent material on a first transparent substrate to form transparent ridges which constitute the transparent areas, filling curable and photo-absorptive fluid in gaps between the transparent ridges, and then curing the fluid to form the light absorption areas.

Abstract: A soft magnetic material includes a plurality of composite magnetic particles (40) each including a metal magnetic particle (10) and an insulation coating (20) covering the surface of the metal magnetic particle (10), wherein the insulation coating (20) contains Si (silicon), and 80% or more of Si contained in the insulation coating constitutes a silsesquioxane skeleton. Therefore, it is possible to effectively decrease a hysteresis loss while suppressing an increase in eddy-current loss.

Abstract: Disclosed is a deodorant particle having a BET specific surface area of 10 m2/g or more that are obtained by copolymerizing a monomer system including a crosslinkable vinyl monomer and a vinyl monomer having a heteroaromatic ring. The deodorant particles may contain a metal ion. Also disclosed is a process of producing the deodorant particles including the step of copolymerizing a monomer system containing a crosslinkable vinyl monomer and a vinyl monomer having a heteroaromatic ring by oil-in-water emulsion polymerization or precipitation polymerization using an organic solvent whose solubility parameter is different from that of the monomers by an absolute difference of 0 to 2.0. The process can further include the step of bringing the particles obtained by the polymerization into contact with a solvent having a metal salt dissolved therein to support a metal ion on the particle.

Abstract: A micro-louver (1) includes: a transparent substrate (2); a concavoconvex shape portion (5) formed on at least one surface of the transparent substrate (2) and in a prescribed pattern for diffracting incident light to form an image; and a light controlling layer (7) including at least one transparent layer (3) and at least light-absorption layer (4) arranged alternately on said at least one surface of the transparent substrate (2), each of said at least one transparent layer (3) and said at least one transparent layer (4) extending in a direction that intersects said at least one surface of the transparent substrate (2).

Abstract: An optical element manufacturing method according to the present invention includes: disposing a mask on a transparent photosensitive resin; patterning said transparent resin by applying an exposure light to said transparent photosensitive resin through said mask to form a transparent layer; forming a light absorbing layer by filling a gap in the transparent layer with a black curable resin; and illuminating a mask surface of the mask with the exposure light at an angle.

Abstract: A display device, capable of changing view angle range and suitable for reducing thickness and weight, is provided. One compensating panel has such a structure that two polymer films, having birefringence, adhere to each other. The birefringence directions of the polymer films are parallel or orthogonal to the liquid crystal orientation direction. Similarly, another compensating panel has such a structure that two polymer films, having birefringence, adhere to each other. The birefringence directions of the polymer films are parallel or orthogonal to the liquid crystal orientation direction. Since the compensating panel does not include glass substrates but includes polymer films, the display device can be thin and light.