Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical modulating display device (200) such as a liquid crystal displaying device provided with a front-light type planar illuminating device. The above front-light type planar illuminating device allows illuminating light to propagate inside a substrate (1), and is provided with a low refraction layer (3) being lower in refractive index than the substrate (1) and being in close contact with the inner surface of the substrate (1), and with reflection structure (11) on the outer surface of the substrate (1). The optical modulating display device (200) provided with the above front-light type planar illuminating device can ensure a sufficient amount of guide light propagating inside the substrate (1) and reduce non-uniformity in display illumination. And a display apparatus mounting the above optical modulating display device (200) thereon can be reduced in thickness and weight and provide a high quality display.

Abstract: A small light source unit of simple structure that emits light forward with high efficiency is well-suited as a backlight in a liquid crystal display device. The light director in this unit has reflective internal faces adjacent opposite peripheral regions of the entrance face and two refractive index interfaces in it. The reflective internal faces and the refractive index interfaces are oriented on inclined planes. The refractive index of a middle region between the two interfaces is the smallest among those of the three regions making up the light director.

Abstract: A light source device which is uniform in the intensity of distribution of an emitted light and high in the optical utilization efficiency, a display device which is high in recognability and is energy-saving, and an information terminal are provided. A reflecting portion is formed on a surface opposed to an emitting surface of a linear light guide. The reflecting portion is periodically formed with a total reflecting surface guiding a light incident on a linear light guide from a point light source, a light extracting surface allowing the light to reflect in such a way as to emit the light guiding the linear light guide from the emitting surface, and a re-incidence plane which takes the light transmitted but not reflected on the light extracting surface into the linear light guide again. By changing the size of the light extracting surface and the re-incidence plane, the intensity of distribution of the emitting light from the linear light guide can be made uniform.

Abstract: A small light source unit of simple structure that emits light forward with high efficiency is well-suited as a backlight in a liquid crystal display device. The light director in this unit has reflective internal faces adjacent opposite peripheral regions of the entrance face and two refractive index interfaces in it. The reflective internal faces and the refractive index interfaces are oriented on inclined planes. The refractive index of a middle region between the two interfaces is the smallest among those of the three regions making up the light director.

Abstract: A heater comprises a cap 20 formed by joining and fixing together curved peripheries 10a as peripheries of two semi-elliptical heat-generator-containing sheets 10 of generally the same shape. The heat-generator-containing sheet 10 comprises a waterproof inner layer sheet 2, an air-permeable sheet 5 disposed so as to cover the entire surface of the inner layer sheet 2, and a plurality of heat generators 3 interposed between and held by the inner layer sheet 2 and the air-permeable sheet 5, which generate heat when in contact with an air. The heat generators 3 are disposed substantially over the entire surface of the cap 20. The heat-generator-containing sheets 10 are joined and fixed together with the respective inner layer sheets 2 being the inner surface. The heater realizes a simple handling when in use, a small temperature variation, and simple fabrication process.

Abstract: A heat generating unit is incorporated in a mask in order to actively supply warm steam, and also drug vapor, to the nose and throat, and moisturize the upper respiratory tract. It is preferable that a metal powder, salt, and water be contained in the heat generating unit, and that an exothermic composition that releases steam in conjunction with the oxidation reaction of the metal powder be used therein. It is preferable that either an inhalation valve or exhalation valve be provided in the main mask body.

Abstract: A suede-like sheet material characterized by being formed of a base cloth and ultrafine fibers of a denier less than 0.5 per filament, said ultrafine fibers being entangled with each other and covering at least one surface of the base cloth, wherein a portion of said ultrafine fibers is stuffed into the gaps in the network of the base cloth, at least a portion of said ultrafine fibers being entangled with the component fibers of the base cloth, and said base cloth and ultrafine fibers being substantially integrated with each other.

Abstract: An acrylic fiber having linen- or cotton-like feeling, dry feeling, a high hygroscopicity and a high water retentivity, which is characterized in that said fiber is covered on the outside with creases running along the fiber axis, adjacent creases being 0.1 to 5.mu. apart on the average; has in any of its cross-sections two or more macrovoids, 2.mu. or more in major diameter, which extend in the direction of fiber axis; and said fiber has 30 to 150 microcrimps per 25 mm of fiber length. A method for producing such a fiber is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sheet material is formed of a base cloth consisting of a woven fabric, knit fabric, nonwoven fabric, or web material having a favorable form stablity and a short fiber material consisting at least partly of a natural fiber material, said sheet material having a structure in which said base cloth is covered on at least one surface with the short fiber material and a part of the short fiber material is stuffed into the gaps in the network of the base cloth so that the base cloth and short fiber material are substantially integrated with each other.

Abstract: A suede-like sheet material characterized by being formed of a base cloth and ultrafine fibers of a denier less than 0.5 per filament, said ultrafine fibers being entangled with each other and covering at least one surface of the base cloth, wherein a portion of said ultrafine fibers is stuffed into the gaps in the network of the base cloth, at least a portion of said ultrafine fibers being entangled with the component fibers of the base cloth, and said base cloth and ultrafine fibers being substantially integrated with each other.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulose fibers having very good flameproofness are obtained by adding a polyphosphonate having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is ethylene or propylene; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are methyl or ethyl which may be the same or different; R.sub.4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group in which the alkyl substituent has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms in said alkyl and aralkyl groups may be substituted with chlorine or bromine; R.sub.5 is an aromatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an unsaturated or saturated aliphatic or alicyclic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof and R.sub.5 may contain carbonyl group, sulfonyl group or nitrogen; X is halogen, and n is an integer from 1 to 1000, to a viscose and then spinning the viscose by conventionally accepted procedures. The retention of the polyphosphonate flameproofing agent in the fibers can be markedly increased by this procedure.

Abstract: A phosphorus-containing polymer having the formula: ##STR1## is produced by reacting a cyclic chlorophosphite compound having the formula ##STR2## a ketone compound having the formula ##STR3## and a triorganophoshite compound having the formula P(OR.sub.4).sub.3 in the presence of an active halide having the formula R.sub.5 -X wherein R.sub.1 is ethylene or propylene, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are methyl or ethyl and may be the same or different, R.sub.4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group in which the alkyl substituent has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms in said alkyl and aralkyl groups may be substituted with chlorine or bromine, R.sub.5 is an unsaturated or saturated aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or combinations thereof and R.sub.5 may contain a carbonyl group, sulfonyl group or nitrogen, X is a halogen, and n is an integer of from 1 to 1000.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing composite structure fibers is disclosed which includes an upper distribution plate provided with plural slits for making at least two spinning components into independent thin layer streams, a lower distribution plate provided with plural fine holes for dividing each of said thin layer streams into plural fine capillary streams independent from each other and a spinneret plate provided with a bundling space and extrusion orifices for bundling said previously divided fine capillary streams and extruding them into filaments, said upper distribution plate, lower distribution plate and spinneret plate being piled up in this order.