Abstract: Disclosed is a method of continuous casting of aluminum-killed steel, using a refractory martial containing 20 mass % or more of CaO.MgO-based clinker. 60% or more of MgO grains included in the grains of the CaO.MgO-based clinker have a diameter of 50 ?m or less. The refractory martial is used at least at a portion to be in contact with molten steel. The present invention can reduce the diameter of MgO grains as inclusions in slabs to suppress the occurrence of flaws in a milled sheet metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous casting nozzle having a refractory portion formed to contain a dolomite clinker and arranged to define a surface region adapted to be in contact with molten steel, which is capable of protecting a working surface of the nozzle from alumina build-up due to alumina in molten steel, while improving corrosion resistance, even during long-term continuous casting of molten steel. The refractory portion is prepared by adding a binder to a mixed material and subjecting the obtained mixture to kneading, forming and heat treatment. The mixed material comprises a dolomite clinker which has an average particle size of 0.8 mm or less and a CaO content of 50 mass % or less. The mixed material has a ratio W1/W2 of 0.33 or more, wherein W1 is a content by mass of CaO, and W2 is a content by mass of MgO. The mixed material comprises a dolomite clinker and a magnesia clinker. Alternatively, the mixed material comprises a dolomite clinker and a magnesia clinker.

Abstract: A method of producing an immersion nozzle for continuous casting, which includes integrally molding a first zirconia-graphite compound applied to a powder-line portion of the nozzle, and a second compound applied to at least an inner hole portion of the nozzle. The second compound includes 10 mass % or more of clinker particles each containing CaO as a mineral phase, and the surface of at least a part of the clinker particles is subjected to an anti-hydration treatment, such as a heat treatment to be performed under a CO2 atmosphere to convert CaO to CaCO3. The method can suppress volume expansion caused by the reaction between CaO and water released from resin added as binder, so as to prevent the occurrence of cracks during a burning process of the molded piece.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous casting nozzle having a refractory portion formed to contain a dolomite clinker and arranged to define a surface region adapted to be in contact with molten steel, which is capable of protecting a working surface of the nozzle from alumina build-up due to alumina in molten steel, while improving corrosion resistance, even during long-term continuous casting of molten steel. The refractory portion is prepared by adding a binder to a mixed material and subjecting the obtained mixture to kneading, forming and heat treatment. The mixed material comprises a dolomite clinker which has an average particle size of 0.8 mm or less and a CaO content of 50 mass % or less. The mixed material has a ratio W1/W2 of 0.33 or more, wherein W1 is a content by mass of CaO, and W2 is a content by mass of MgO. The mixed material comprises a dolomite clinker and a magnesia clinker. Alternatively, the mixed material comprises a dolomite clinker and a magnesia clinker.

Abstract: A bonding structure between a nozzle body of a continuous casting nozzle and a refractory sleeve inserted into the nozzle body, wherein the refractory sleeve contains 20 mass % or more of CaO. An adhesive including a mixture of a refractory aggregate and a binder is applied to a joint zone defined in either one of at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the refractory sleeve and at least a portion of the inner surface of the hollowed nozzle to which the refractory sleeve is attached, or between the inner surface of the nozzle body and the outer peripheral surface of the refractory sleeve inserted into the nozzle body. The adhesive is adjusted to have a porosity in the range of 15 to 90% after dried in the joint zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an immersion nozzle for continuous casting, which comprises integrally molding a first zirconia-graphite compound applied to a powder-line portion of the nozzle, and a second compound applied to at least an inner hole portion of the nozzle. The second compound includes 10 mass % or more of clinker particles each containing CaO as a mineral phase, and the surface of at least a part of the clinker particles is subjected to an anti-hydration treatment, such as a heat treatment to be performed under a CO2 atmosphere to convert CaO to CaCO3. The method of the present invention can suppress volume expansion caused by the reaction between CaO and water released from resin added as binder, so as to prevent the occurrence of cracks during a burning process of the molded piece.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique of applying a CaO-containing material to a nozzle unit for casting of aluminum-killed steel, in such a manner that the amount of large-size alumina inclusions in slabs can be reduced irrespective of nozzle type, such as single-part type or multi-part type. The amount of large-size alumina inclusions in slabs obtained using a single-part type or multi-part type nozzle unit, which has an inner hole to be used for pouring molten steel from a tundish to a mold therethrough and CaO-containing refractories applied to a surface of the inner hole, has a strong correlation with the entire surface area of the inner hole of the nozzle unit and the amount of CaO contained in the employed refractories. According to the present invention, 50% or more of the entire surface area of the inner hole of the nozzle unit is formed of refractories containing 20 mass % or more of CaO to allow the amount of large-size alumina inclusions to be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bonding structure between a nozzle body of a continuous casting nozzle and a refractory sleeve inserted into the nozzle body, wherein the refractory sleeve contains 20 mass % or more of CaO. An adhesive including a mixture of a refractory aggregate and a binder is applied to a joint zone defined in either one of at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the refractory sleeve and at least a portion of the inner surface of the hollowed nozzle to which the refractory sleeve is attached, or between the inner surface of the nozzle body and the outer peripheral surface of the refractory sleeve inserted into the nozzle body. The adhesive is adjusted to have a porosity in the range of 15 to 90% after dried in the joint zone.

Abstract: A re-usable alumina-magnesia graphite refractory suitably used for a refractory for continuous casting, such as a long nozzle used for pouring a molten metal from a ladle capable of re-use or intermittent use to a tundish, an immersion nozzle used for charging a molten metal from a tundish to a mold and a long stopper for controlling the flow rate of the molten steel; and produced by blending 3 to 60 wt % of magnesia having a particle size of 0.02 to 1.0 mm to a compound comprising mainly alumina and graphite, and kneading, molding, and baking the compound. The raw material compound comprising mainly alumina and graphite can contain spinel or zirconia.

Abstract: A gate electrode material film is deposited on a substrate and formed with an opening for each pixel area, and thereafter a first insulating film and an emitter electrode material film are deposited. Slits for separation of emitter lines are formed by etching the emitter electrode material film at the area intersecting with gate lines to be later formed. Thereafter, a second insulating film is deposited and an element substrate is adhered to the second insulating film to remove the initial substrate. The gate electrode material film is thereafter patterned to form a plurality of gate lines and the emitter electrode material film is patterned to form a plurality of emitter lines.

Abstract: A microprocessor includes a switching register bank having switching registers corresponding to the respective data registers of data register banks. Whether to update the contents of each output register of an output register bank is determined on the basis of the stored contents of a corresponding one of the switching registers of the switching register bank. Since part of the stored contents of the output register bank can be continuously used without a copy operation, the processing speed can be increased.

Abstract: A blade of an exposure control such as an iris control device or a shutter control device is provided for use in cameras. A sheet of a resin or metallic material configured as desired into the final blade form is placed in an injection molding machine which has a pin-forming cavity on one side of the sheet. The sheet is broken and penetrated at its portions where pins are to be formed and fixed, such that portions of the material of the sheet are deformed to project into the cavity. A molten resin is injected through a sprue formed on the opposite side of the sheet to the cavity so that the injected resin fills the cavity to form a pin in such a manner that the deformed and projected portion of the material of the sheet is embedded in the pin-forming resin. Another pin is formed on the other side of the sheet simultaneously with the first-mentioned pin in the same manner in the same die apparatus.