Abstract: A process for determining the type of a diamond having spin properties and physical properties, said process including the steps of: (i) determining the spin properties of a diamond of unknown type, using optically detected magnetic resonance to measure the spin properties of said diamond of an unknown type, wherein the spin properties are indicative of the physical properties of the diamond; (ii) comparing the spin properties of said unknown diamond with the spin properties of a plurality of diamonds of known types; and (iii) determining the type of said diamond of unknown type upon a predetermined threshold of correlation between the spin properties of said diamond of unknown type with the spin properties of a diamond of known type of said plurality of diamonds known types.

Abstract: A process for determining the type of a diamond having spin properties and physical properties, said process including the steps of: (i) determining the spin properties of a diamond of unknown type, using optically detected magnetic resonance to measure the spin properties of said diamond of an unknown type, wherein the spin properties are indicative of the physical properties of the diamond; (ii) comparing the spin properties of said unknown diamond with the spin properties of a plurality of diamonds of known types; and (iii) determining the type of said diamond of unknown type upon a predetermined threshold of correlation between the spin properties of said diamond of unknown type with the spin properties of a diamond of known type of said plurality of diamonds known types.

Abstract: A process operable using a computerized system (300) grades the clarity of a diamond (315, 400) as a function of internal defects within its body (315, 400). The computerized system (300) includes an optical image acquisition device (310), a processor module (320) and an output module (340) operably interconnected together. The process includes the steps of (i) acquiring via an optical image acquisition device (310) a plurality of top view images of a diamond (315, 400); (ii) in a processor module (320), detecting defects within the body of the diamond (315, 400); and (iii) from an output module (340), providing a signal indicative of the clarity grade assigned in (ii).

Abstract: A system (300) for providing a three-dimensional computer tomography image of a gemstone, the system (300) comprising an X-ray source (330) for providing an X-ray towards a gemstone (320); an X-ray detector system for detecting X-rays transmitted through or diffracted by the gemstone (320). The X-ray detector system surrounds the gemstone (320) and detects a three-dimensional multi-angle X-ray diffraction pattern from the gemstone (320) upon rotation of the gemstone (320) within the X-ray field, and provides an output signal therefrom, wherein the output signal provides for invasive three-dimension multiangle X-ray diffraction reconstructed computed tomography from the three-dimension multiangle X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A device(100a(i), 100a(ii), 100a(iii), 100a(iv), 200 for cis-tracing polarization of 12C isotope-based magnetic resource imaging contrast agents, comprising one or more diamond material structures(120(i), 120(ii), 120(iii), 120(iv), 210, 220) and one or more channels(105a(i), 105a (ii), 105a (iii), 105a (iv), 205) provided adjacent to the diamond material structures 120(i), 120(ii), 120(iii), 120(iv), 210, 220); the diamond material structures 120(i), 120(ii), 120(iii), 120(iv), 210, 220) provide a source of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy celles for polarization of a 13C iso-type-based magnetic measure imaging contrast agesi disguised in one or more channels(105a (i), 105a (ii), 105a (iii), 105a (iv), 205) and cis diamond material structure(120(i), 120(ii), 120(iii), 120(iv), 210, 220) provides a light guide for light for excitation of nitrogen vacancy celles for polarization of 13C isotope-based magnetic resource imaging contrast agent.

Abstract: A process of forming a non-optically detectable authentication marking (210,320, 410,535) in a diamond (200,300). Authentication marking (210,320,410,535) is formed adjacent the outer surface of an article formed from a diamond material having intrinsic optical centers. Method includes the step of applying an image of predesigned authentication marking(210,320,410,535) to a region (201,310,530) of a diamond (200,300) at or adjacent the surface of the diamond (200,300) by way of a direct laser writing; wherein the fluorescence background of the diamond material from intrinsic optical center is suppressed by authentication marking(210,320, 410, 535) under fluorescent imaging, such that the non-optically detectable identifiable authentication marking (210,320,410,535) is viewable against the fluorescence background at the region (201,310,530) of the diamond (200,300) where the authentication marking (210,320,410,535) is applied.

Abstract: A system (100) for viewing and ascertaining optical characteristics of gemstones, said system including a first and second integrating sphere (150,150a), wherein each integrating sphere (150,150a) is in optical communication with each other and having a spacer portion (116) disposed therebetween, a first light source (118) engaged with the first sphere (150) and for providing light to the interior of the first sphere (150) and a second light source (118a) engaged with the second sphere (150a) and for providing light to the interior of the second sphere (150a); at least one optical image acquisition device (110) in communication with the interior of one of the spheres for acquisition of an optical image of a gemstone disposed in a region between the spheres; a transparent platform (117) for supporting the gemstone between the two integrating spheres (150,150a); and a control module (120) in communication with the optical image acquisition device (110), for controlling the acquisition of optical images of gemst

Abstract: A process for determining the type of a diamond, wherein the type of diamond is determined by the steps of (i) measuring the fluorescence lifetime characteristics of colour centres of a diamond of unknown type (110a); and (ii) determining the type of diamond by comparing the fluorescence lifetime characteristics measured at step (i) with the fluorescence lifetime characteristics of colour centres of known diamond types (120a), wherein the fluorescence lifetime characteristics of colour centres are indicative of the physical properties of a diamond, which are indicative of the type of a diamond.

Abstract: A process of forming a non-optically detectable authentication marking (110), includes the step of: applying a marking at a surface of a diamond (200) using a focused ion beam (FIB) writing process so as to provide a non-optically detectable authentication marking (110) which is formed by alteration in the optical characteristics of a portion of the diamond material at the outer surface of the diamond to form a marked portion; wherein the marking is optically invisible, and wherein the marking is viewable by an imaging method which provides an observable contrast between the portion of the diamond having altered optical characteristics and the non-marked portion of the diamond. The marking process can assist in the prevention of the counterfeiting of precious articles, and be of assistance in the incident of theft. A marking, a diamond, a process of viewing a marking on a diamond are further disclosed.

Abstract: A process of determining the type of a diamond of unknown type, said process including the steps of (i) applying a laser input signal to a diamond of unknown type such the NV? centres or other C centres such that fluorescence is generated from said diamond; (ii) applying a magnetic field to said diamond and applying a variable microwave frequency to said diamond; (iii) acquiring the light intensity of fluorescence as a function of microwave frequency; and (iv) determining the type of the unknown diamond by comparing the light intensity of fluorescence as a function of microwave frequency of (iii) with light intensity versus microwave frequency characteristics diamond of known of a plurality of diamonds known types.

Abstract: A process for enhancing polarization of 13C for subsequence MRI imaging, the process comprising providing a suspension consisting of a first plurality of particulates having NV centers and a second plurality of particulates for providing internal reflection of light with wavelength for the excitement of NV centers and 13C; and applying light, magnetic field and microwave to said suspension, such that the NV centers are polarized and such that the electron spins of the VN centres are transferred to 13C atoms upon the Rabi frequency of the NV centres matching the Larmor frequency of 13C; wherein the particulates of the second plurality reflect and transmit the light through the suspension such that said light is distributed through said suspension.

Abstract: A process is operable using a computerized system for grading the colour of a diamond using a pre-trained neural network for determination of a colour grading. The computerized system includes an optical image acquisition device, a pre-trained neural network and an output module operably interconnected together via a communication link. The process includes: (i) acquiring via an optical image acquisition device one or more optical image of at least a portion of a diamond; and (ii) in a pre-trained neural network, providing a regressive value associated with the colour grade of the diamond.

Abstract: A system (100) for viewing and ascertaining optical characteristics of gemstones, said system including a first and second integrating sphere (150,150a), wherein each integrating sphere (150,150a) is in optical communication with each other and having a spacer portion (116) disposed therebetween, a first light source (118) engaged with the first sphere (150) and for providing light to the interior of the first sphere (150) and a second light source (118a) engaged with the second sphere (150a) and for providing light to the interior of the second sphere (150a); at least one optical image acquisition device (110) in communication with the interior of one of the spheres for acquisition of an optical image of a gemstone disposed in a region between the spheres; a transparent platform (117) for supporting the gemstone between the two integrating spheres (150,150a); and a control module (120) in communication with the optical image acquisition device (110), for controlling the acquisition of optical images of gemst

Abstract: A conjugate (110) comprising a nanoparticle (210) for delivery of a drug to a treatment site in the body of a subject; a drug molecule (220) releasably linked to said nanoparticle (210), wherein said drug molecule (220) has a therapeutic effect at the treatment site in the body of the subject; and a disease targeting molecule (230) releasably linked to said nanoparticle (210); wherein upon said conjugate (110) being adjacent diseased tissue (240) of a subject, said disease targeting molecule (230) retains the conjugate (110) adjacent said diseased tissue (240); said drug molecule (220) is released from said nanoparticle (110) so as to provide a therapeutic effect to said diseased tissue (240); and said disease targeting molecule (230) is subsequently released from said nanoparticle (210) such that retention of the nanoparticle (210) is released, and such that the nanoparticle (210) is dispersible from said diseased tissue (240).

Abstract: A process of assigning a colour grade to a diamond, including the steps of (i) determining the N3 and C-center content of a diamond (110); (ii) comparing the N3 and C-center content of the diamond with a previously acquired data set from a plurality of diamonds each having a colour grading previously assigned thereto, and (iii) assigning a colour grade to the diamond upon a correlation of the N3 and C-center content of said diamond with a grade of said previously acquired data set; wherein said previously acquired data set comprises a correlation between N3 and C center content and optical absorbance in the visible light spectrum for each diamond of said plurality of diamonds.

Abstract: A process operable using a computerized system (300) grades the clarity of a diamond (315, 400) as a function of internal defects within its body (315, 400). The computerized system (300) includes an optical image acquisition device (310), a processor module (320) and an output module (340) operably interconnected together. The process includes the steps of (i) acquiring via an optical image acquisition device (310) a plurality of top view images of a diamond (315, 400); (ii) in a processor module (320), detecting defects within the body of the diamond (315, 400); and (iii) from an output module (340), providing a signal indicative of the clarity grade assigned in (ii).

Abstract: A system (100a) for determining the type of a diamond (130a), the system (100a) comprising a plurality of lasers (110a,120a) for directing light towards a diamond (130a), wherein each laser is of a different wavelength of light; wherein the spectrum of light from the plurality of lasers (110a,120a) extends from ultra-violet to near infra-red; a spectrometer (140a) for collecting luminescence spectrum from the diamond (130a) responsive to inhomogeneities upon light from the lasers (110a,120a) being directed towards the diamond (130a); a processor module (150a) for comparing photoluminescence spectrum collected by the spectrometer (140a) with pre-existing photoluminescence spectrum of known diamond type; and an output module (160a) for providing an output signal indicative of the diamond type of the diamond (130a), upon a predetermined threshold of correlation between the photoluminescence spectrum from the diamond (130a) and the pre-existing photoluminescence spectrum from the diamond (130a) and the pre-existi

Abstract: A process is operable using a computerized system for grading the clarity of a diamond. The computerized system includes an optical image acquisition device, a processor, a pre-trained neural network and an output module operably interconnected together. The process includes: (i) acquiring via an optical image acquisition device one or more plural axial view images of a diamond with different focus depths; (ii) in a processor, combining the plural axial views to form one or more single optical images; (iii) in a pre-trained neural network, providing a regressive value associated with the clarity grade of the diamond based on the one or more single images acquired during step (i); and (iv) from an output module, providing a clarity grade to the diamond (i) by correlating the regression value from (ii) to a clarity grade.

Abstract: A conjugate comprising at least one calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor and a nanodiamond.

Abstract: A topically administrable moisturising composition for moisturising the skin of a subject, said moisturising composition comprising (i) a plurality of conjugates wherein each conjugate is comprised of a nanodiamond and a plurality of water molecules, and (ii) a carrier media for topical administration.