Abstract: A substrate for mounting a light-emitting element according to the present disclosure contains a crystal particle of aluminum oxide and is composed of an alumina-based ceramic that contains 97% by mass or more of Al as a value of an Al2O3 equivalent among 100% by mass of all components thereof. An average value of an equivalent circle diameter of the crystal particle is 1.1 ?m or greater and 1.8 ?m or less and a standard deviation of an equivalent circle diameter thereof is 0.6 ?m or greater and 1.4 ?m or less.

Abstract: A rear vehicle-body structure absorbs an impact from vehicle rear even when an installed amount of the batteries is increased by including a rear side frame which extends in a vehicle front-rear direction, a rear-side cross member which is arranged such that a front portion of the rear side frame abuts the rear-side cross member from vehicle rear, the rear-side cross member extending in a vehicle width direction, a pair of left and right side sills which are spaced apart, by predetermined distances, from the front portion of the rear side frame to vehicle-width-direction outer sides and extend in the vehicle front-rear direction, and a rear-side battery frame which extends in the vehicle width direction in the vehicle rear of a battery and in vehicle front of the rear side frame. The rear-side battery frame is mounted on the left and right side sills and on the rear-side cross member.

Abstract: A rear vehicle-body structure absorbs an impact while also accommodating an elongated battery installation and an increase in an amount of batteries installed. The rear vehicle-body structure includes a rear side frame which extends in a vehicle front-rear direction in a vehicle rear portion, a rear-side battery frame which extends in a vehicle width direction in vehicle rear of a battery and in vehicle front of the rear side frame and protects the battery, and a frame bracket which couples the rear side frame with the rear-side battery frame.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating member includes aluminum oxide ceramics that includes crystal particles of aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide ceramics includes 98 mass % or higher of aluminum in terms of Al2O3 with respect to 100 mass % of all constituents. The crystal particles have an average equivalent circle diameter of 1.6 ?m or more and 2.4 ?m or less. An equivalent circle diameter cumulative distribution curve of the crystal particles has a first diameter at 10 cumulative percent and a second diameter at 90 cumulative percent that is different from the first diameter by 2.1 ?m or more and 4.2 ?m or less.

Abstract: A rear vehicle-body structure comprises a rear-floor front part on which a rear seat is placed and which is inclined such that a front side thereof is located at a higher level than a rear side thereof, a right-and-left reinforcing extension having a rear end that is positioned on both sides, in a vehicle width direction, of the rear-floor front part. The right-and-left reinforcing extension extends forwardly and inwardly, in the vehicle width direction, from the rear end. The rear vehicle-body structure further includes a right-and-left second reinforcing extension provided on an outward side in the vehicle width direction of the right-and-left first reinforcing extension, and is configured to extend forwardly and outwardly in the vehicle width direction from a vicinity of the rear end of the right-and-left first reinforcing extension.

Abstract: A rear vehicle-body structure comprises a floor of the vehicle-body, a right-and-left rear frame extending in a vehicle longitudinal direction on both-sides of a rear of the floor, a rear cross member extending in a vehicle width direction and interconnecting a front of the right-and-left rear frame, and a right-and-left reinforcing member directly or indirectly connecting a tunnel portion provided in front of the rear cross member. The right-and-left reinforcing member is provided on the floor so as to extend forwardly and inwardly in the vehicle width direction from the rear cross member toward the tunnel portion, and respective front end portions of the right-and-left reinforcing member overlap each other and are joined to the floor.

Abstract: A substrate for mounting a light-emitting element according to the present disclosure contains a crystal particle of aluminum oxide and is composed of an alumina-based ceramic that contains 97% by mass or more of Al as a value of an Al2O3 equivalent among 100% by mass of all components thereof. An average value of an equivalent circle diameter of the crystal particle is 1.1 ?m or greater and 1.8 ?m or less and a standard deviation of an equivalent circle diameter thereof is 0.6 ?m or greater and 1.4 ?m or less.

Abstract: A rear vehicle-body structure comprises a rear-floor front part on which a rear seat is placed and which is inclined such that a front side thereof is located at a higher level than a rear side thereof, a right-and-left reinforcing extension having a rear end that is positioned on both sides, in a vehicle width direction, of the rear-floor front part. The right-and-left reinforcing extension extends forwardly and inwardly, in the vehicle width direction, from the rear end. The rear vehicle-body structure further includes a right-and-left second reinforcing extension provided on an outward side in the vehicle width direction of the right-and-left first reinforcing extension, and is configured to extend forwardly and outwardly in the vehicle width direction from a vicinity of the rear end of the right-and-left first reinforcing extension.

Abstract: A rear vehicle-body structure comprises a floor of the vehicle-body, a right-and-left rear frame extending in a vehicle longitudinal direction on both-sides of a rear of the floor, a rear cross member extending in a vehicle width direction and interconnecting a front of the right-and-left rear frame, and a right-and-left reinforcing member directly or indirectly connecting a tunnel portion provided in front of the rear cross member. The right-and-left reinforcing member is provided on the floor so as to extend forwardly and inwardly in the vehicle width direction from the rear cross member toward the tunnel portion, and respective front end portions of the right-and-left reinforcing member overlap each other and are joined to the floor.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating member includes aluminum oxide ceramics that includes crystal particles of aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide ceramics includes 98 mass % or higher of aluminum in terms of Al2O3 with respect to 100 mass % of all constituents. The crystal particles have an average equivalent circle diameter of 1.6 ?m or more and 2.4 ?m or less. An equivalent circle diameter cumulative distribution curve of the crystal particles has a first diameter at 10 cumulative percent and a second diameter at 90 cumulative percent that is different from the first diameter by 2.1 ?m or more and 4.2 ?m or less.

Abstract: A pair of rear side frames respectively comprise front bending-promotion portions, middle bending-promotion portions and rear bending-promotion portions which cause the rear side frames to bend inward, in a vehicle width direction, in a trough-folding shape in a rear collision of a vehicle, and a longitudinal distance L2 between the front bending-promotion portions and the middle bending-promotion portions is set to be longer than a longitudinal direction L1 between the middle bending-promotion portions and the rear bending-promotion portions. Thereby, there is provided a rear vehicle-body structure of an automotive vehicle which can properly absorb a collision load at a vehicle-body rear portion, even if a rear side frame is made from material which may not cause smooth bucking of the rear side frame.

Abstract: A pair of rear side frames respectively comprise front bending-promotion portions, middle bending-promotion portions and rear bending-promotion portions which cause the rear side frames to bend inward, in a vehicle width direction, in a trough-folding shape in a rear collision of a vehicle, and a longitudinal distance L2 between the front bending-promotion portions and the middle bending-promotion portions is set to be longer than a longitudinal direction L1 between the middle bending-promotion portions and the rear bending-promotion portions. Thereby, there is provided a rear vehicle-body structure of an automotive vehicle which can properly absorb a collision load at a vehicle-body rear portion, even if a rear side frame is made from material which may not cause smooth bucking of the rear side frame.

Abstract: In a vehicle seat system equipped with an active headrest mechanism (30) and a lumbar support (21), a load-receiving part (32) of the active headrest mechanism (30) is positioned behind the lumbar support (21) as viewed from front of the seat. The vehicle seat system is arranged so that when a specified amount or more of load is applied from front of the seat to a lumbar support plate (22) of the lumbar support (21), one end part of a plate support member (23) supporting the lumbar support plate (22) exits from an insertion hole (17) provided at a side frame (4) to disengage from a seatback frame (2), and the disengaged end part of the plate support member (23) then abuts on the load-receiving part (32).

Abstract: In a vehicle seat system equipped with an active headrest mechanism (30) and a lumbar support (21), a load-receiving part (32) of the active headrest mechanism (30) is positioned behind the lumbar support (21) as viewed from front of the seat. The vehicle seat system is arranged so that when a specified amount or more of load is applied from front of the seat to a lumbar support plate (22) of the lumbar support (21), one end part of a plate support member (23) supporting the lumbar support plate (22) exits from an insertion hole (17) provided at a side frame (4) to disengage from a seatback frame (2), and the disengaged end part of the plate support member (23) then abuts on the load-receiving part (32).

Abstract: In an imaging cartridge for forming images at least including a corona charging device and an object to be charged, a discharging electrode unit in the corona charging device is supported in such a manner that the electrode unit can be separately detached therefrom and installed thereto without being obstructed by the object to be charged or by a grid electrode from a side opposite to the member to be charged.

Abstract: A corona discharge device used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a discharge member such as a saw-toothed discharge member having sharp discharge ends, and a power supply which applies to the discharge member a discharge voltage containing at least an AC voltage component, wherein at least each discharge end portion of the discharge member is made of an electrically conductive material, which contains nickel and chromium, and/or is coated with a material having a high electric resistance. In the case where the saw-toothed discharge member is employed, a distance D between the discharge end and a member to be charged, and a discharge end pitch P are determined to satisfy a relationship of 2≦D/P≦8.

Abstract: A liquid spreading device for spreading liquid over a target surface to be moved relatively to the liquid spreading device in a predetermined direction, including: a regulating member which is brought into contact with the target surface through the liquid; and a voltage applying unit for applying an electrical bias voltage across the regulating member and the target surface.A fixing device for fixing a toner image onto an image bearing surface of a recording sheet, including: a rotating member having an outer surface to be in contact with the image bearing surface; a regulating member which is brought into contact with the outer surface of the rotating member through the liquid; and a voltage applying unit for applying an electrical bias voltage across the regulating member and the outer surface of the rotating member.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a conductive contact material, the contents of which do not generate soil on a charged body not only during initial use but also after repeated use. A conductive contact material consists of thermoset urethane material containing an antioxidant within a range from 0.1 to 0.3% by weight, and an inorganic ion electrically conducting agent with in a range form 0.01 to 2.00% by weight. After ozone exposure or the like, molecule chain scission of the base material and antioxidant leads generation of active monomers and origomers. However, the conductive contact material containing the above specified proportion of an antioxidant and an inorganic ion electrically conducting agent prevents generation of active monomers and origomers which are soiling source for a charged body. The conductive contact material also prevents antioxidant itself from being a soiling source.

Abstract: Image density is detected by a B/W ratio detection integrator 30 via a video signal 11 from a video controller 40 when an image signal is inputted. When a latent image formed on a photosensitive body 7 in accordance with the image signal is transferred to a transfer material 12 by a transfer charging device 8, a transfer current of the transfer charging device 8 is controlled in a timely fashion by a CPU 20 in accordance with the image density detected from this image signal, thus ensuring optimum transfer efficiency. Even when the environment and printing pattern change for each part of a single-page image, this makes it possible to deal accurately with these changes to ensure stable transfer efficiency and good imaging.

Abstract: A charging member is disposed so as to contact a surface of a charge-receiving member which moves relative to the charging member. In conjunction with the movement of the charge receiving member, the charging member removes foreign substance present on the charge-receiving member on the upstream side in the direction of travel of the charge-receiving member at the contact region with the charging member. Simultaneously, a discharge voltage is applied to the charging member so that the charging member charges the charge-receiving member in the area from which said foreign substance has been removed at the contact region on the downstream side of the charge-receiving member in the direction of travel of the charge-receiving member. During a cleaning operation, the charging member retracts from the charge-receiving member and is out of contact therewith in accordance with the number of image formations, black and white ratio, and humidity.