Abstract: A charging device K is provided with a flexible electrode 12 and a flexible intermediate member M disposed between the flexible electrode 12 and a charge-receiving member 10, with the flexible intermediate member M being in contact with the charge-receiving member 10. The flexible intermediate member M includes a flexible insulated member 11 and semiconductive member 14 so as to charge the charge-receiving member 10 via a discharge from electrode 12. The absolute value of the difference between the potential of the flexible electrode 12 during discharge and the potential in the vicinity of at least the area of discharge of the flexible electrode 12 among areas in which the flexible intermediate member is in contact with the charge-receiving member 10, is less than the absolute value of the difference between the potential of the charge-receiving member and the potential of the flexible electrode during discharge.

Abstract: This invention relates to the charging member portion of an image forming apparatus. A plurality of charging members are disclosed that maintain a uniform spacing between a charge-receiving member and the discharging portion of the charging members' electrodes despite surface irregularities and surface waviness on the charge-receiving member. One charging member is in the form of a flexible sheet provided with ventilation holes in a non-contacting portion thereof, permitting the air produced by the rotation of the charge-receiving member to escape through the holes to suppress the lifting of the charging member. Pressure fins can be added to the charging member on the downstream of the ventilation holes for further suppressing any lifting. Another charging member includes a semiconductive member or a electret member on at least the surface of the charging member on the side opposite the charge-receiving member. This permits the charging member to be electrostatically attracted to the charge-receiving member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus and a cleaning blade employed in the image forming apparatus which is operable to form an electrostatic latent image on an image carrying member, develop the latent image with toner into a visible toner image, transfer the toner image onto a record member and fix the same, and having an edge pressed against the image carrying member with a predetermined pressure for removing residual toner on the image carrying member after the transfer. A degree of toluene swelling of the cleaning blade is in a range from 20% to 100%, and the cleaning blade has an impact resilience in a range from 10% to 65%, a Young's modulus in a range from 30 to 120 kg/cm.sup.2, and a 300%-modulus in a range from 100 to 600 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having an electrostatic latent image carrier, and a charging device which includes an electric discharge electrode having a plurality of projection and a grid electrode located between the electric discharge electrode and the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier. A grid electrode electric current Ig passing through the grid electrode and an image carrier electric current Ip passing through the conductive base of electrostatic latent image carrier satisfy the following relationship:1.5.ltoreq.Ig/Ip.ltoreq.4.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including a laminate image-bearing member having a dielectric layer or photoconductive layer, superimposed on an electrically conductive substrate, a transfer member for making pressure contact with said image-bearing member, and a cleaning member for cleaning the surface of said image-bearing member through contact therewith, forms an electrostatic latent image on said image-bearing member, develops said latent image into a visible toner image, and transfers said toner image from said image-bearing member to a transfer sheet passing through a contact-pressure nip portion between said image-bearing member and a transfer member by applying a controlled constant-current regulated transfer bias voltage to said transfer member.

Abstract: A charging device with a plate-like electrode having a plurality of protrusions, the charging device having a cleaning device including cleaning members which are positioned bilaterally to the electrode and grip the electrode therebetween to clean. The cleaning device cleans the electrode while the cleaning members slide on a guide formed along the electrode, or the cleaning device cleans the electrode by griping the electrode by the cleaning members which are positioned along the electrode.

Abstract: Grid wires arranged in an axial direction of a photoconductive drum have a positional relation with projecting electrodes arranged at regular intervals in an axial direction of the photoconductive drum at a position opposite to the surface of the photoconductive drum wherein the grid wires and the projecting electrodes positioned adjacent to each other are equally arranged in distance to uniformly discharge an electric charge to the surface of the photoconductive drum from each of the projecting electrodes so that uniform charging can be accomplished in an axial direction of the photoconductive drum.

Abstract: A video signal digital recording and reproducing apparatus includes: a rearranging section for rearranging a sequence of signals on a rectangular unit by rectangular unit basis formed by sectioning a group of pixel data on a screen of a digital video signal; an encoding section for subjecting the signals in the rectangular units to bit rate reduction; a block forming section for gathering plural number of the coded rectangular units to constitute a block of signals, and a recording the block of signals section for recording on a recording medium. The rearranging section divides the screen into plural regions, takes out the rectangular units by a certain number in order from each region, and carries out rearrangement so that mutually corresponding rectangular units which are contained respectively in adjacent blocks on the recording medium are mutually adjacent on the screen.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing apparatus has a developing sleeve drivingly rotatable for supplying a magnetic developer to an image bearing surface of an electrostatic latent image bearing member, a casing covering at least a portion of the developing sleeve and extending from a portion where the sleeve is opposed to the electrostatic latent image bearing member to a position where the developer is supplied to the sleeve with respect to the direction of rotation of the developing sleeve, the casing defining a gap with the sleeve, magnets fixedly positioned in the sleeve and having a plurality of poles opposed to the casing, the plurality of poles including first and second poles of same polarity and a third pole of different polarity, the first and second poles being positioned adjacently with no pole therebetween, whereby a first bristle of developer for sealing the gap is formed by the first and second poles and a second bristle of developer for sealing the gap is formed by the third pole.

Abstract: A copying machine of the present invention measures light transmittance of a document so as to adjust copying concentration on the basis of the measured result. The copying concentration is concretely adjusted by adjusting electrification voltage of a photosensitive body, and/or developing bias voltage, and/or quantity of exposure light. The copying machine is free from the occurrence of back image copying when a document is double-faced. A copying machine of the present invention further comprises means for discriminating whether the document is a double-faced one or a single-faced one.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photosensitive member, a developing sleeve for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive member by using a developer, and control means for controlling the application of bias voltage to the sleeve wherein the bias voltage is controlled so as to be maintained a predetermined time period after the image formation is interrupted.

Abstract: An automobile electronic key device for externally and keylessly unlocking the vehicle door lock is disclosed. The electronic key device provided near the inner side of the vehicle lateral window glass includes plural pairs of light emitting and receiving elements, to which predetermined AC signals are supplied from the light emission controlling circuit. External manual stroking operation on said light emitting-receiving elements generates ID signals, which are supplied to the received light processing circuit, which synchronously processes the inputted ID signal with said AC signal. The unlocking device functions to compare the ID signal to the registered member and unlocks the vehicle door lock upon identifying them.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic apparatus accommodating a photosensitive member with an amorphous silicon photosensitive layer, a plurality of or a large number of documents can be clearly copied by repeating the following steps:(a) charging the photosensitive member up to a predetermined electric potential;(b) exposing the photosensitive member so that an electrostatic latent image may be formed on it;(c) developing the electrostatic latent image by toner;(d) applying light to the photosensitive member, the wavelength of which light is primarily less than 600 nm, with the wavelength greater than 600 nm being limited below 30% in energy distribution ratio;(e) transferring the toner image onto a transfer sheet by imparting electric charge to the entire surface of the transfer sheet from its rear side, with the electric charge being in opposite polarity to the toner image;(f) removing the toner remaining on the photosensitive member after the transfer; and(g) applying another light to the photosensitive member, the w

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing apparatus has a magnet housed in a developing sleeve and having at least one magnetized portion including adjacent poles of the same polarity. At least one of the poles of the magnetized portion is opposed to the casing of the developing apparatus, between the position where the developing sleeve is opposed to an electrostatic latent image bearing member and the position where the sleeve is opposed to a developer agitating roller. The other pole adjacent to and having the same polarity as this pole is positioned downstream from the pole with respect to the direction of rotation of the sleeve. Consequently, the upstream pole of the magnetized portion acts to retain a portion of developer between the developing sleeve and the casing, whereby the toner is prevented from spilling over the casing.

Abstract: An automatic image density control apparatus, wherein an original placed on a document table and a reference image pattern provided on one edge of the document table and having a image portion or half-tone portion and a non-image portion are scanned, and by way of an exposure, their electrostatic latent images are formed on a photosensitive member on which the non-developing portion with no developer is also formed, and by means of a density sensor for detecting the image density, the initial image density of the non-developing portion and the image density which varies as the time elapses are detected and by the ratio of them, the image density of the image portion or half-tone portion and the non-image portion of the reference image pattern are corrected, and according to the respective preset reference values of the image portion or half-tone portion and non-image portion and their corrected image density, the image portion or half-tone portion density and the non-image portion density of an image are unif

Abstract: An improved electrostatic image forming apparatus including a controller for controlling the supplied voltage on the grid electrode of the main charger which gives the charges on the photosensitive member. Voltage on the grid electrode is controlled so that the charged potential on the photosensitive member may be held virtually at zero potential after the completion of the image forming operation until the predetermined time.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying machine capable of producing successively a plurality of identical copies from one electrostatic latent image formed on a photoreceptor carrier, which machine comprises a charge eraser for preventing an electrostatic discharge from ocurring between the photoreceptor drum and a copying paper at a starting point of separation where the copying paper separates from the photoreceptor carrier after a toner image has been transferred onto the copying paper. The charge eraser is arranged so as to confront the separation point.