Abstract: There is provided a method capable of decreasing a friction force in friction stir welding, in which a welding tool is used. In a method of friction stir welding workpieces together by rotating and pressingly plugging a welding tool, formed from a harder material than the workpieces, into a weld zone of the workpieces and moving the welding tool relatively in a welding direction, a power supply device allows a current to flow between the welding tool 1 and the workpieces to cause resistance heating of the welding tool. Combined use of resistance heating makes it possible to decrease a friction force. Preferably, a conductive ceramic is coated on surfaces of the welding tool to cause resistance heating.

Abstract: Treatment of a lactic acid ester derivative with an enzyme or the like, which has asymmetric ester-hydrolyzing ability, can specifically hydrolyze the ester moiety of an isomer existing as the pair to the racemic derivative. Use of the compound obtained by this hydrolysis makes it possible to produce an optically active propoxyaniline derivative by a shorter process than the conventional art.

Abstract: A process for producing a compound represented by the following formula (II) which comprises treating a compound represented by the following formula (I) (wherein R1, R2 and R3 represent each a specific substituent) with an enzyme capable of asymmetrically hydrolyzing an ester and the novel compound (II). The process of the present invention makes it possible to easily obtain an optically active 2-azetidinone derivative in a large amount at a low cost.

Abstract: A compact vehicle production line. The production line comprises a floor process of assembling floor constituent parts. Each is an aluminum alloy extrusion die cast product, which has been made, in an extrusion die casting process, by forcing molten aluminum alloy through a mold cavity in a predetermined direction. The assembled floor constituent parts are welded to make a floor structure. In an interior parts mount process, interior parts are to the floor structure to make a floor unit. In a body main process, each of two body side structures are trimmed to make a body side unit. A roof structure is trimmed to make a roof unit. The floor unit, the body side units, and the roof unit are assembled. The assembly is welded to make a body unit. In a running parts mount process, an under running unit is mounted to the body unit. In an exterior parts attachment process, color body panels are attached to the body unit.

Abstract: A compact vehicle production line is disclosed. The production line comprises a floor process of assembling floor constituent parts. Each is an aluminum alloy extrusion die cast product, which has been made, in an extrusion die casting process, by forcing molten aluminum alloy through a mold cavity in a predetermined direction. The assembled floor constituent parts are welded to make a floor structure. In an interior parts mount process, interior parts are to the floor structure to make a floor unit. In a body main process, each of two body side structures are trimmed to make a body side unit. A roof structure is trimmed to make a roof unit. The floor unit, the body side units, and the roof unit are assembled. The assembly is welded to make a body unit. In a running parts mount process, an under running unit is mounted to the body unit. In an exterior parts attachment process, color body panels are attached to the body unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic fuel injection valve having a simple and efficient constitution for enabling the jets 23 themselves from injection orifices to cool and wash off the nozzle body 13, and to suppress or remove carbon deposits that is produced and adhere to the injection orifices.

Abstract: A curable coating composition comprising a polymer of an aromatic vinyl compound and an &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester; a vegetable oil or a fatty acid ester thereof; and a (metha) acrylic monomer or (metha) acrylic oligomer, and a printing method thereof are disclosed. A printing ink utilizing the curable coating composition of the present invention can be printed with a printing machine used for oil-based inks. At the same time, if in combination with an activation energy beam curable overprint varnish, glossy printed matters having aesthetically high-grade feeling can be obtained.

Abstract: A compact vehicle production line is disclosed. The production line comprises a floor process of assembling floor constituent parts. Each is an aluminum alloy extrusion die cast product, which has been made, in an extrusion die casting process, by forcing molten aluminum alloy through a mold cavity in a predetermined direction. The assembled floor constituent parts are welded to make a floor structure. In an interior parts mount process, interior parts are to the floor structure to make a floor unit. In a body main process, each of two body side structures are trimmed to make a body side unit. A roof structure is trimmed to make a roof unit. The floor unit, the body side units, and the roof unit are assembled. The assembly is welded to make a body unit. In a running parts mount process, an under running unit is mounted to the body unit. In an exterior parts attachment process, color body panels are attached to the body unit.

Abstract: A compact vehicle production line is disclosed. The production line comprises a floor process of assembling floor constituent parts. Each is an aluminum alloy extrusion die cast product, which has been made, in an extrusion die casting process, by forcing molten aluminum alloy through a mold cavity in a predetermined direction. The assembled floor constituent parts are welded to make a floor structure. In an interior parts mount process, interior parts are to the floor structure to make a floor unit. In a body main process, each of two body side structures are trimmed to make a body side unit. A roof structure is trimmed to make a roof unit. The floor unit, the body side units, and the roof unit are assembled. The assembly is welded to make a body unit. In a running parts mount process, an under running unit is mounted to the body unit. In an exterior parts attachment process, color body panels are attached to the body unit.

Abstract: A compact vehicle production line is disclosed. The production line comprises a floor process of assembling floor constituent parts. Each is an aluminum alloy extrusion die cast product, which has been made, in an extrusion die casting process, by forcing molten aluminum alloy through a mold cavity in a predetermined direction. The assembled floor constituent parts are welded to make a floor structure. In an interior parts mount process, interior parts are to the floor structure to make a floor unit. In a body main process, each of two body side structures are trimmed to make a body side unit. A roof structure is trimmed to make a roof unit. The floor unit, the body side units, and the roof unit are assembled. The assembly is welded to make a body unit. In a running parts mount process, an under running unit is mounted to the body unit. In an exterior parts attachment process, color body panels are attached to the body unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic fuel injection valve having a simple and efficient constitution for enabling the jets 23 themselves from injection orifices to cool and wash off the nozzle body 13, and to suppress or remove carbon deposits that is produced and adhere to the injection orifices.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic fuel injection valve, is capable of lowering fuel consumption and reducing emissions by promoting the mixing of injected fuel with air, and, in addition, is capable of obtaining numerous variations in spray or injection quantity, as the result of reduced emissions by promoting combustion via the atomization of injected fuel. It is a novel electromagnetic fuel injection valve, which has been designed, focusing on devising specifications for injection orifices 14, 15, for example, the attitude or angle of inclination, shape, and number thereof, and is constituted such that jets of fuel injected from injection orifices 14, 15 are made to impinge upon one another, and are injected as a flat-shaped spray 17, being characterized in that the angles of inclination &thgr; of the injection orifices 14, 15 relative to the axis 5C of a needle valve 5 are made to differ from one another.

Abstract: A switching device which can operate slidably a general-purpose rocking switch by the use of the rocking switch, and achieve reduction in thickness of the device is disclosed. The switching device includes: laterally slidable sliders; levers rockably supported below the sliders by rocking fulcrums, and rocked in engagement with the sliders; and movable contacts rocked by the rocking action of the levers so as to be separated from and brought into contact with fixed contacts, wherein a pair of contact portions of the levers pressed by the sliders are set lower than the rocking fulcrums.

Abstract: An electrical circuit has a power source line from a battery. The power source line is divided into a primary side and a secondary side by a device, such as, for example, a diode. A high current load circuit is connected to the primary side and a lower current device, such as, for example, a display-related circuit and a capacitor are connected to the secondary side. The display-related circuit continues to receive adequate power when the battery voltage drops due to operation of the high current load circuit. In addition, a voltage detector is connected to the secondary side, where the voltage fluctuates less than on the primary side. The voltage detector controls operation of the high current load circuit. As a result, the high current load circuit can be efficiently driven.

Abstract: A polyolefin resin composition including(1) 67 to 96 wt.%, based on the total quantity of (1), (2) and (3), of polyolefin,(2) 3 to 25 wt.%, based on the total quantity of (1), (2) and (3), of titanium oxide,(3) 3 to 30 wt.%, based on the total quantity of (1), (2) and (3), of a plate-shaped inorganic filler, and(4) 5 to 150 ppm, based on the total quantity of (1), (2) and (3), of carbon black. The polyolefin resin composition of the present invention is superior in brightness and light intercepting properties and may be advantageously employed in e.g. a material of a meter casing for an automobile.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multilayer laminate provides in metal plates each forming a substrate apertures at positions where through holes are to be formed, fills the apertures with a synthetic resin including a first filler, and prepares prepregs to be disposed on both sides of each substrate by impregnating nonwoven fabric with a thermosetting synthetic resin containing a second filler. The metal plates forming the substrates are thereby allowed to be thicker for realizing larger capacity power supply with an improvement also in heat dissipation characteristics.

Abstract: An elastic surface wave device comprises an input transducer and an output transducer, these transducers being provided on one surface of a piezoelectric substrate and spaced apart a predetermined distance from each other. The input transducer is provided on its side facing the output transducer with at least one separate comb electrode which is electrically insulated from the rest of the input transducer.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns surface acoustic wave resonator devices having grating reflectors. The resonator comprises a substrate of piezoelectric material, an input interdigital transducer which converts electrical energy to surface acoustic wave energy, an output interdigital transducer which converts surface acoustic wave energy to electrical energy, first and second grating reflectors arranged in spaced aligned relationship on opposite ends of the substrate with the input transducer and the output transducer interposed therebetween the input transducer and the output transducer.The first grating reflector, whose aperture length is the same effective length as the input and output transducers, comprises a first group of interconnected parallel spaced conductors, a second group of interconnected parallel spaced conductors and at least one of isolated parallel conductors positioned between the first and second group of conductors.