Abstract: The technology is directed to a main-tie-tie-main (MTTM) power system. The MTTM system may include a first main protection relay controlling a first utility breaker and a second main protection relay controlling a second utility breaker. The MTTM system may further include a first tie protection relay controlling a first tie breaker and a second tie protection relay controlling a second tie breaker. The MTTM system may also include a common bus communicatively connecting the first main protection relay, second main protection relay, first tie protection relay, and second tie protection relay together. Each of the first main protection relay, second main protection relay, first tie protection relay, and second tie protection relay is connected to the common bus via one or more communication lines.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to a power distribution architecture or network, and a protection and control scheme for the power distribution network. In one aspect of the disclosed technology, the backup generator bus is used as a tie between two independent power sources or mains used to supply electrical power to loads on the power distribution network. Another aspect of the disclosed technology is a protection scheme to detect and locate faults that may occur on the power distribution network. Another aspect of the disclosed technology is a control method or process for transferring loads from one source or main to another source or main in the event of planned or emergency transfers.

Abstract: A system and method for power pooling, the system including a shared power line, a plurality of backup power supplies connected to the shared power line through respective transformers and one or more controllers configured to, for each respective backup power supply, after passage of a different respective predetermined amount of time, determine whether a transformer connected to the backup power supply is energized. In response to the transformer being energized, the controllers synchronize the backup power supply with the transformer and then set a switch positioned between the backup power supply and the transformer to a fully closed state. In response to the transformer not being energized, the controllers transition the switch from a fully open state to the fully closed state according to an inrush current limiting scheme.

Abstract: The present disclosure contemplates a method for synchronizing a large number of generators on an AC bus simultaneously by closing the generator breakers when the generators are rotating but de-energized. Then excitation is raised for each generator simultaneously, causing the generators to synchronize as voltage increases, without large transient current surges that can damage the machines. In order to safely maximize the rate at which excitation is raised, initial excitation can be controlled using current regulation, specifically controlling excitation current instead of voltage. Once a predetermined voltage is reached, a control scheme can be switched to a voltage regulation mode, which brings the generator to the final desired voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for operating a backup power source or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) that can be used in data centers and that provide a backup power source to power the data center when utility power is compromised. A power delivery system that provides power to a primary system may include a UPS with a state timing control system that operates a bypass static switch. The state timing control system can determine when to transition the primary system from the utility power supply to the backup UPS, based on the current AC voltage conditions. The state timing control system may perform modeling to emulate the intermediate DC voltage of an actual rectifier, and particularly emulate the holdup capacitor voltage. The emulated capacitor voltage can be obtained in real time by both an input power model based on RMS utility voltage and the actual rectifier output load.

Abstract: A system and method for power pooling, the system including a shared power line, a plurality of backup power supplies connected to the shared power line through respective transformers and one or more controllers configured to, for each respective backup power supply, after passage of a different respective predetermined amount of time, determine whether a transformer connected to the backup power supply is energized. In response to the transformer being energized, the controllers synchronize the backup power supply with the transformer and then set a switch positioned between the backup power supply and the transformer to a fully closed state. In response to the transformer not being energized, the controllers transition the switch from a fully open state to the fully closed state according to an inrush current limiting scheme.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for operating a backup power source or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) that can be used in data centers and that provide a backup power source to power the data center when utility power is compromised. A power delivery system that provides power to a primary system may include a UPS with a state timing control system that operates a bypass static switch. The state timing control system can determine when to transition the primary system from the utility power supply to the backup UPS, based on the current AC voltage conditions. The state timing control system may perform modeling to emulate the intermediate DC voltage of an actual rectifier, and particularly emulate the holdup capacitor voltage. The emulated capacitor voltage can be obtained in real time by both an input power model based on RMS utility voltage and the actual rectifier output load.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for operating a backup power source or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) that can be used in data centers and that provide a backup power source to power the data center when utility power is compromised. A power delivery system that provides power to a primary system may include a UPS with a state timing control system that operates a bypass static switch. The state timing control system can determine when to transition the primary system from the utility power supply to the backup UPS, based on the current AC voltage conditions. The state timing control system may perform modeling to emulate the intermediate DC voltage of an actual rectifier, and particularly emulate the holdup capacitor voltage. The emulated capacitor voltage can be obtained in real time by both an input power model based on RMS utility voltage and the actual rectifier output load.

Abstract: A system and method for power pooling, the system including a shared power line, a plurality of backup power supplies connected to the shared power line through respective transformers and one or more controllers configured to, for each respective backup power supply, after passage of a different respective predetermined amount of time, determine whether a transformer connected to the backup power supply is energized. In response to the transformer being energized, the controllers synchronize the backup power supply with the transformer and then set a switch positioned between the backup power supply and the transformer to a fully closed state. In response to the transformer not being energized, the controllers transition the switch from a fully open state to the fully closed state according to an inrush current limiting scheme.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing power loads of one or more data centers using a wide-area energy controller to operate local energy resources of the data center based on power control information generated by a remote data center control system are described. In one aspect, a system includes a set of local energy sources configured to provide power to the loads of the energy system and a wide-area energy controller. The wide-area energy controller includes a first interface communicably coupled to an application programming interface (API) that connects a remote data center control system to respective wide-area energy controllers of multiple data centers, the first interface being configured to receive power control information from the remote data center control system via the API. The wide-area energy controller includes a control unit configured to schedule the local energy sources to provide power to the loads based on the power control information.

Abstract: The present disclosure contemplates a method for synchronizing a large number of generators on an AC bus simultaneously by closing the generator breakers when the generators are rotating but de-energized. Then excitation is raised for each generator simultaneously, causing the generators to synchronize as voltage increases, without large transient current surges that can damage the machines. In order to safely maximize the rate at which excitation is raised, initial excitation can be controlled using current regulation, specifically controlling excitation current instead of voltage. Once a predetermined voltage is reached, a control scheme can be switched to a voltage regulation mode, which brings the generator to the final desired voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure contemplates a method for synchronizing a large number of generators on an AC bus by synchronizing each generator's output to a nominal output that is generated from a common external source. For example, each generator, using a high speed communication signal, can synchronize to a nominal output provided by a master generator, or centralized command module. In another example, each generator can generate its own nominal output referenced to a common external time signal, such as a global positioning system (GPS) signal, or other reference. By synchronizing independently of bus voltage and frequency, the generators are able to synchronize in parallel, instead of serially.

Abstract: Systems and methods to test an electric power delivery system include a communication subsystem to transmit test signals to one or more merging units, a test subsystem to transmit a test data stream to the one or more merging units via the communication subsystem, and a processor subsystem to receive looped back data from the one or more merging unit in response to the transmitted test data stream and to determine an operating condition based on the looped back data.

Abstract: Systems and methods to disconnect a faulted region of a power grid are described. For example, a control system may obtain a set of regions of a power grid. The control system may obtain a current magnitude and a voltage magnitude of the power grid. The control system may detect a fault in the power grid based at least in part on the current magnitude. The control system may, from the set of regions, determine a faulted region that the fault is located within based on a voltage magnitude of one or more buses in the power grid, a net change in power with respect to time of one or more regions in the set of regions, or both. The control system may send one or more signals to electrically disconnect the faulted region from the power grid.

Abstract: Primary protection relays and an integrator disclosed for providing primary protection and secondary applications for an electric power delivery system. The primary protection relays obtain signals from, and provide primary protection operations for the power system, and may operate independently from the integrator. An integrator receives signals and status communications from the primary protection relays to perform secondary applications for the electric power delivery system. The secondary applications may include backup protection, system protection, interconnected protection, and automation functions.

Abstract: Primary protection relays and an integrator disclosed for providing primary protection and secondary applications for an electric power delivery system. The primary protection relays obtain signals from, and provide primary protection operations for the power system, and may operate independently from the integrator. An integrator receives signals and status communications from the primary protection relays to perform secondary applications for the electric power delivery system. The secondary applications may include backup protection, system protection, interconnected protection, and automation functions.

Abstract: Systems and methods may mitigate risk of fire caused by an electric power system. In one embodiment, a system may include an intelligent electronic device (IED). The IED includes a communication subsystem to receive a signal from a sensor related to a condition of the electric conductor. A processing subsystem in communication with the communication subsystem may operate in at least two modes comprising a high security mode and a fire prevention mode. In the fire prevention mode, the IED may interrupt a flow of electric current based on the signal from the at least one sensor associated with the electric conductor. In the high security mode, the system may interrupt a flow of electric current based on the signal from the at least one sensor associated with the electric conductor and based on a second condition relating to the electric conductor.

Abstract: Systems and methods to test an electric power delivery system include a communication subsystem to transmit test signals to one or more merging units, a test subsystem to transmit a test data stream to the one or more merging units via the communication subsystem, and a processor subsystem to receive looped back data from the one or more merging unit in response to the transmitted test data stream and to determine an operating condition based on the looped back data.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for monitoring electrical arc events in an electric power system. In one embodiment, a system may comprise an arc flash detection (AFD) unit to detect electromagnetic radiation generated by an electrical arc event, a primary protection relay to generate measurements of an electric current, and an integrator. In various embodiments, the integrator may comprise a communication port to receive the detection of the electrical arc event and the measurements of the electric current. The integrator may also comprise a processing subsystem to validate the detection of the electrical arc and generate protective actions to interrupt the flow of the current to the electrical arc event.

Abstract: Systems and methods for testing a protection relay, such as a primary bus protection relay, may include a testing device for providing current signals imitating current on both sides of a bus to the primary bus protection relay. The signals may be provided using signals corresponding with a signal format from merging units or other monitoring devices. The testing device may be configured to receive communications from the primary bus protection relay for evaluation of the operation of the primary bus protection relay.