Abstract: A flexible, armored pipe is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, the flexible, armored pipe includes an impermeable liner, an outer armoring layer, and an inner armoring layer. The inner armoring layer includes one or more wound armoring elements, and the outer armoring layer is placed on the outside of the liner, and includes at least two layers of wound armoring elements which are completely or partly permeable for fluids. Further, the inner armoring layer is placed on the inside of the liner. In certain embodiments, the inner armoring is built up of wound profiles, K profiles, or profiles which include a rolled strip.

Abstract: An armoured flexible pipe has an inner liner (3) surrounded by a pressure armour (5, 6) that is surrounded by a tensile armour (7, 8). The pressure armour (5, 6) is constructed from a number of profiles (5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14a, 14b, 14c) which may engage with each other. In order to obtain optimum functionality, the profiles are shaped as X profiles (14, 14a, 14b, 14c) which are kept together with another type of profile, e.g. C or T type profiles. In one embodiment, the X profiles have an open channel (17). In this way gas or liquid, such as rinsing fluid, may be pumped through the armour layer, from one end of the pipe to the other end. In particular, the armoured flexible pipe is useful for conveying fluids such as water, ammonia, hydrocarbons, etc.

Abstract: A flexible, armoured pipe has an impermeable inner liner (3), which is surrounded by at least two reinforcement layers (5, 6, 7, 8). Between the reinforcement layers an impermeable membrane (10) is provided, which ensures that fluids do not permeate into the inner reinforcement layers (5, 6) from the pipe's outer reinforcement layers (7, 8). The outer layers are not isolated from influence from the surrounding environment. Moreover, the outer layers (traction reinforcement layers) are protected against the damaging effect of gases, which are diffused out through the flexible pipe. On the outside of the outer traction reinforcement layers (7, 8) a layer (11) can be applied, which is easily permeated by the surroundings, and which protects the traction reinforcement layer against mechanical influences. In this way it is ensured that the pressure reinforcement can absorb forces both from inner as well as outer pressure.

Abstract: Flexible, armored pipes and methods of using the same are disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, the flexible, armored pipe includes an inner liner which is surrounded by a pressure armor. The inner liner may be built-up by joining together profiles that have a number of recesses. In one embodiment, the profiles are configured as K-profiles, which have recesses that are arranged in adjoining surfaces of the profile. When the profiles are brought together, the recesses form a cavity in which a locking element can be inserted, the function of which is to prevent displacement of the K-profiles at right-angles to the axial direction of the pipe when exposed to axial, compressive forces. The locking element can be I-shaped, circular or configured as a wire with a C-shaped cross-section. The locking element can also be made either of a rigid or an elastic, deformable material. With a C-shaped locking element, the whole of the cavity, which is formed by the recesses, is not filled out.

Abstract: An armoured flexible pipe has an inner liner (3) surrounded by a pressure armour (5, 6) that is surrounded by a tensile armour (7, 8). The pressure armour (5, 6) is constructed from a number of profiles (5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14a, 14b, 14c) which may engage with each other. In order to obtain optimum functionality, the profiles are shaped as X profiles (14, 14a, 14b, 14c) which are kept together with another type of profile, e.g. C or T type profiles. In one embodiment, the X profiles have an open channel (17). In this way gas or liquid, such as rinsing fluid, may be pumped through the armour layer, from one end of the pipe to the other end. In particular, the armoured flexible pipe is useful for conveying fluids such as water, ammonia, hydrocarbons, etc.

Abstract: A reinforced flexible pipeline (1), which has an inner liner (3) whose inner side engages an inner reinforcement layer (2) that may be formed by a so-called carcass, and on whose outer side at least a strength-imparting reinforcement layer (4, 5, 6, 7) is provided, has an additional barrier layer (9, 10, 11) which is arranged between the inner liner and the inner reinforcement layer. The additional barrier layer is thermally insulating and/or chemically protecting. The additional barrier layer may be formed as a tape (9) which is wound around the inner reinforcement layer, or may be composed of locking profiles (10, 11) which are wound around the flexible pipeline in a helix. The additional barrier layer (9, 10, 11) may be made completely or partly of a polymer which may be thermoplastic, or is cross-linked completely or partly. Hereby, the pipe may be protected against temperatures above e.g. 13° C. and may also be protected against attacks from methanol that contains water.

Abstract: For use in the manufacture of reinforcement layers for flexible pipes which are capable of absorbing compressive or tensile forces, and which are used for the transport of oil and gas, a thermoplastic material is applied to a strength-imparting layer. The strength-imparting layers are reeled on reels, and following unreeling they are laminated by application of heat and in direct continuation applied to the flexible pipe. The strength-imparting layer expediently consists of a polymer which is reinforced with at least 20% by volume of fibres. The thermoplastic material is of a reversible type, i.e. it may change from being relatively soft, but non-sticky by changes in temperature. The use of the method according to the invention allows manufacture of very strong reinforcements for flexible pipes which cannot be manufactured using a solid material, such as steel, since high preforming bending forces are required in the shaping.

Abstract: A flexible armoured pipe, which comprises an inner liner, which is surrounded by a pressure armour, is built up by the joining together of profiles, which have a number of recesses. According to the invention, the profiles are configured as K-profiles (10, 16, 17), which have recesses (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d), which are arranged in adjoining surfaces of the profile. When the profiles are brought together, the recesses form a cavity in which a locking element (12, 14, 18) can be inserted, the function of which is to prevent displacement of the K-profiles at right-angles to the axial direction of the pipe when this is exposed to axial, compressive forces. The locking element can be I-shaped (14), be circular or be configured as a wire (18) with a C-shaped cross-section. The locking element can also be made either of a rigid or an elastic, deformable material. With a C-shaped locking element, the whole of the cavity, which is formed by the recesses, is not filled out.

Abstract: In a method of securing tensile reinforcement elements (7) of a pipeline or a cable to an end termination (18), the end termination is provided with a plurality of locking holes through which the reinforcement elements to be secured are pulled. Insertion of a spreader element into the reinforcement element results in a local cross-sectional increase in the tensile reinforcement. The reinforcement element cannot move freely through the locking hole because of the local cross-sectional increase, thereby achieving mechanical locking.

Abstract: Flexible, armored pipes and methods of using the same are disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, the flexible, armored pipe includes an inner liner which is surrounded by a pressure armor. The inner liner may be built-up by joining together profiles that have a number of recesses. In one embodiment, the profiles are configured as K-profiles, which have recesses that are arranged in adjoining surfaces of the profile. When the profiles are brought together, the recesses form a cavity in which a locking element can be inserted, the function of which is to prevent displacement of the K-profiles at right-angles to the axial direction of the pipe when exposed to axial, compressive forces. The locking element can be I-shaped, circular or configured as a wire with a C-shaped cross-section. The locking element can also be made either of a rigid or an elastic, deformable material. With a C-shaped locking element, the whole of the cavity, which is formed by the recesses, is not filled out.

Abstract: A flexible armoured pipe is built up of three layers, i.e. an impermeable liner (2a), an inner armouring layer (1a) and an outer armouring layer (3a). A flexible pipe, especially for offshore applications, is hereby provided, where the inner armouring layer is in contact with the fluid, which shall be transported in the pipe, while the outer armouring layer and the impermeable liner are in contact with the surroundings. This means that the inner armouring layer absorbs the hydrostatic pressure acting on the impermeable liner. Moreover, since no substantial restrictions to mass transport exist outside the impermeable liner, gases, which diffuse through the impermeable liner, will now be able to escape to the surroundings.

Abstract: An armoured flexible pipe consists of an inner liner (3), on the inside of which a carcass (1) is provided, while the outer side of the inner liner is surrounded by a layer of pressure armour and a layer of tensile armour, which in turn are surrounded by one or more layers of thermally insulating bands which are shielded from the surroundings by an outer sheath. With the object of ensuring a sufficiently low transport of heat through the walls of the pipe, on the outside of the pressure and tensile armour layers (5, 6, 7, 8) thermally insulating bands are provided, which bands are made of a polymer or a polymeric composition, such as a polymer containing at least 50% polypropylene. The armoured flexible pipe according to the invention is especially advantageous for use in the extraction, transport or refining of mineral oil or related fluids.

Abstract: A reinforced flexible tubular pipe including an inner liner (3) that forms a barrier against outflow of medium that flows through the pipe, the inner liner (3) being encased by at least one reinforcing layer having a space in which a number of profiles are configured that are coiled around the inner liner such that the profiles are completely or partially surrounded by a lumen (10) that allows transport of fluids in the longitudinal direction of the pipe. Outside the reinforcing layer an outer coating (9) is provided to form a barrier against inflow of fluids or gases from the surroundings of the pipe to the reinforcing layer. At least one flow path (11) is provided to convey fluid or gas away from the lumen (10). This flow path (11) is provided with an inlet opening that debouches in the lumen (10) and an outlet opening (13) that ends in the inner liner of the tubular pipe.

Abstract: A method for the excitation of a plasma in which a gas is subjected to an electric field by a plurality of electrode systems. According to the invention at least two separate electrode systems are used which are power supplied from separate generators with the same frequency, the voltage variations of the generators being shifted in phase relative to each other such that a voltage zero never occurs at the same time in two of the electrode systems, a kind of rest period also occurring, in which there is no significant potential difference between the phases. As a result a pulsating plasma is obtained, as the plasma is generated by the potential difference between the phases. When there is no significant potential difference between the phases, an added substance may interact with its own functionality.

Abstract: A flexible armored pipe, which comprises an inner liner, which is surrounded by a pressure armor, is built up by the joining together of profiles, which have a number of recesses. According to the invention, the profiles are configured as K-profiles (10, 16, 17), which have recesses (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d), which are arranged in adjoining surfaces of the profile. When the profiles are brought together, the recesses form a cavity in which a locking element (12, 14, 18) can be inserted, the function of which is to prevent displacement of the K-profiles at right-angles to the axial direction of the pipe when this is exposed to axial, compressive forces. The locking element can be I-shaped (14), be circular or be configured as a wire (18) with a C-shaped cross-section. The locking element can also be made either of a rigid or an elastic, deformable material. With a C-shaped locking element, the whole of the cavity, which is formed by the recesses, is not filled out.

Abstract: An armoured flexible pipe consists of an inner liner (3), on the inside of which a carcass (1) is provided, while the outer side of the inner liner is surrounded by a layer of pressure armour and a layer of tensile armour, which in turn are surrounded by one or more layers of thermally insulating bands which are shielded from the surroundings by an outer sheath. With the object of ensuring a sufficiently low transport of heat through the walls of the pipe, on the outside of the pressure and tensile armour layers (5, 6, 7, 8) thermally insulating bands are provided, which bands are made of a polymer or a polymeric composition, such as a polymer containing at least 50% polypropylene. The armoured flexible pipe according to the invention is especially advantageous for use in the extraction, transport or refining of mineral oil or related fluids.

Abstract: A flexible, armoured pipe has an impermeable inner liner (3), which is surrounded by at least two reinforcement layers (5, 6, 7, 8). Between the reinforcement layers an impermeable membrane (10) is provided, which ensures that fluids do not permeate into the inner reinforcement layers (5, 6) from the pipe's outer reinforcement layers (7, 8). The outer layers are not isolated from influence from the surrounding environment. Moreover, the outer layers (traction reinforcement layers) are protected against the damaging effect of gases, which are diffused out through the flexible pipe. On the outside of the outer traction reinforcement layers (7, 8) a layer (11) can be applied, which is easily permeated by the surroundings, and which protects the traction reinforcement layer against mechanical influences. In this way it is ensured that the pressure reinforcement can absorb forces both from inner as well as outer pressure.

Abstract: An electrically insulating material including a continuous phase of a thermoplastic polymer and an additional phase incorporated therein of a liquid or easily meltable dielectric in the form of a wholly or partly interpenetrating network, and where the weight ratio of the polymer to dielectric is between 95:5 and 25:75.