Abstract: Provided is a method performed by a nonvolatile memory device, the method may include: initiating a first program operation corresponding to a first program loop among a plurality of program loops; receiving a suspend command for an urgent read operation during the first program operation; determining a recovery timing from either of a first timing contemporaneous with the receiving the suspend command, and a second timing after completion of the first program operation, based on the suspend command; and initiating a recovery at the determined recovery timing by applying a recovery voltage to a selected word line.

Abstract: The separated particle charge multivariate analysis instrument includes a transparent sealed container and, inside the transparent sealed container, an axial fan, a tube carrier plate, a rail board, double screw shafts, a biaxial motor, parallel electrode plates and so on. The separated particle charge multivariate analysis instrument of the present invention measures out the charge amount of the particle after leaving the particle bed by simulating a controllable environmental factor in the transparent sealed container on the basis of the inner tube, the outer tube, the electrometer and the charge amount of the particle entering into the inner tube at the measurement site, and analyzes effects of environmental factors, particle physical parameters and geometric parameters to the charge by adjusting environmental variables in the transparent sealed container.

Abstract: The separated particle charge multivariate analysis instrument includes a transparent sealed container and, inside the transparent sealed container, an axial fan, a tube carrier plate, a rail board, double screw shafts, a biaxial motor, parallel electrode plates and so on. The separated particle charge multivariate analysis instrument of the present invention measures out the charge amount of the particle after leaving the particle bed by simulating a controllable environmental factor in the transparent sealed container on the basis of the inner tube, the outer tube, the electrometer and the charge amount of the particle entering into the inner tube at the measurement site, and analyzes effects of environmental factors, particle physical parameters and geometric parameters to the charge by adjusting environmental variables in the transparent sealed container.

Abstract: An electronic device that is operable to provide navigation information to a user by utilizing the navigation system of a separate mobile device, such as a GPS-enabled mobile phone. The electronic device includes a communication interface for communicating navigation data between the mobile device and the electronic device. The electronic device also includes a display for displaying the navigation data received from the mobile device. The display of the electronic device may be larger than the display of the mobile device, such that a driver of an automobile may use the electronic device to provide a more desirable viewing experience. Further, the electronic device may include a user interface, such as a touch screen, that allows a user to access and control the navigation functions of the mobile device. The electronic device may also be operable to communicate with other portable electronic devices.

Abstract: A single cell structure used in a fuel cell stack with metal separators, the single cell structure comprising: a cathode gas diffusion layer; an anode gas diffusion layer; a membrane electrode assembly, disposed between the cathode gas diffusion layer and the anode gas diffusion layer; a pair of first separators disposed outside the cathode gas diffusion layer and the anode gas diffusion layer, a first surface of the first separators being provided with a plurality of grooves and ribs thereon; a pair of second separators disposed outside the first separators to be assembled with the first separators, a first surface of the second separators being provided with a plurality of groove and ribs; and a pair of middle separators disposed outside the second separators to be assembled with the second separators.

Abstract: An electronic device that is operable to provide navigation information to a user by utilizing the navigation system of a separate mobile device, such as a GPS-enabled mobile phone. The electronic device includes a communication interface for communicating navigation data between the mobile device and the electronic device. The electronic device also includes a display for displaying the navigation data received from the mobile device. The display of the electronic device may be larger than the display of the mobile device, such that a driver of an automobile may use the electronic device to provide a more desirable viewing experience. Further, the electronic device may include a user interface, such as a touch screen, that allows a user to access and control the navigation functions of the mobile device. The electronic device may also be operable to communicate with other portable electronic devices.