Abstract: A controller is disclosed that operates a gas turbine such that a desired reserve power capacity is maintained. The inlet guide vane angle of the compressor is applied as an indicator of the reserve capacity of the gas turbine. The actual inlet guide vane angle is continuously compared to an intended inlet guide vane angle that corresponds to a desired reserve capacity. A controller adjusts the fuel flow to the gas turbine to adjust the turbine output power and thereby maintain the actual inlet guide vane angle at the intended value corresponding to the desired reserve capacity.

Abstract: A modified gas turbine system is provided that adapts an advanced pressurized fluidized bed combustor cycle for use with existing combustion turbine technology. To accommodate current combustion turbine technology, the air extracted from the compressor discharge is limited, e.g. to about 20% of the total. The additional air required for the APFBC cycle is provided by an auxiliary source of compressed air. The compressor discharge air that is not extracted is used for combustion of the fuel gas produced by the carbonizer and also provides internal cooling as required by conventional combustion turbine design. A separate expander turbine is used to recover energy from the vitiated air from the PFBC. Energy from the vitiated air may further be recovered by directing the expander exhaust to an HRSG.

Abstract: Liquids, e.g. sewage sludge, waste water or oxygen-poor natural water, are treated with gas for enrichment (especially oxygenation) by forcing the liquid downwardly through a perforated wall in a vessel containing the liquid. The perforated partition subdivides the liquid forced downwardly through the column into a plurality of partial streams which open into a gas space above the downwardly moving column of liquid in the melt. Bubbles of the gas, e.g. oxygen, pass upwardly through the column of liquid in the shaft.