Abstract: Enzyme-occluding polymer particles are produced by a method including the steps of dissolving an enzyme in an aqueous solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) possessing a styrylpyridinium group or a styrylquinolinium group, spray drying the aqueous solution, and exposing the resultant dry particles to an actinic ray, thereby photo-crosslinking the particles.

Abstract: A photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol) derivative comprising units of the fula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkylene, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a lower alkoxy, ##STR2## is a quaternary aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle, X.sup.- is SO.sub.3.sup.- or CO.sub.2.sup.-, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer of 1 to 6 capable of being developed with an aqueous developing solution.

Abstract: A photorecording element is disclosed which consists of a transparent substrate, a molecular layer of an organic compound with an ability to change structure reversibly by virtue of light and disposed in direct contact with the transparent substrate, and a layer of liquid crystals disposed in direct contact with the molecular layer. A liquid crystal cell comprising the photorecording element is also disclosed. A modification having fine deformations on the surface of the transparent substrate and a modification having a dichroic dye contained in the layer of liquid crystals are embraced by the present invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel contrast-enhancing agent for photolithography which is used as an overcoating on a positive-working photoresist layer for enhancing the contrast of the photoresist in a low-contrast exposure to light. The composition comprises, in addition to a watersoluble polymer, e.g., poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrroilidone) and pullulan, as the binder, a specific photo-bleachable organic compound having, in a molecule, at least one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic structure represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which Z is a divalent group to form the heterocyclic aromatic ring with the nitrogen atom, X is an anionic group of monovalency and n is a positive integer of, e.g., 1 or 2.

Abstract: A photosensitive coating emulsion for a plastic film comprising an emulsion ontaining a film-forming polymer and a photocrosslinkable polyvinyl alochol containing a photocrosslinkable constituent unit, which further comprises (1) an aliphatic alcohol having eight carbon atoms as an anti-foaming agent, or (2) a dispersion medium of the emulsion composed of 95 to 50% by weight of water and 5 to 50% by weight of at least one lower aliphatic alcohol selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl alcohols, or (3) an acetylenic glycol or alcohol as an anti-foaming agent. These emulsions can give a coating film free from unevenness in coating.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprising a photosensitive saponified poly(vinyl acetate) derivative containing in the backbone thereof at least one of a first group of photosensitive units which are represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein represents a vinyl alcohol residue in the backbone of the saponified poly(vinyl acetate) derivative; Y represents a member selected from the group consisting of the following general formulae (II) and (III) ##STR2## m denotes an integer of 1-6; n denotes 0 or 1; R.sub.1 represents a member selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted alkyl and an unsubstituted aralkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, an ether bond and an unsaturated bond; R.sub.2 represents a member selected from a hydrogen atom and a lower alkyl group; and X.sup.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin emulsion composition comprising an aqueous emulsion of a film-forming resin and a protective colloid for said emulsion, wherein the protective colloid comprises at least one photosensitive saponified polyvinyl acetate derivative which is at least partially grafted onto the film-forming resin, and the photosensitive saponified polyvinyl acetate derivative comprises a backbone formed of saponified polyvinyl acetate and at least one photosensitive unit and at least one hydrophobic unit bonded to the backbone.

Abstract: A molding material having high dynamic strength which contains bacterial cellulose having ribbon-shaped microfibrils.Such material is advantageously used as a reinforcing material for composite plastics having high strength, as high quality paper or as acoustic diaphragms for percussion instruments.

Abstract: A novel chelate resin is produced by causing a 2-hydroxybenzoic acid derivative to react upon a high molecular compound, i.e. a cross-linked polyethyleneimine or a cross-linked polyethyleneimine derivative, thereby linking a 2-hydroxybenzoyl group to the nitrogen atom in the imine chain of the high molecular compound. This chelate resin is capable of collecting, by adsorption and at high efficiency, such a metal as uranium dissolved in a trace amount in water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition comprising an aqueous dispersion or emulsion comprising components (1), (3) and (4) as indispensable components and optionally the following component (2):(1) a water-soluble saponified vinyl acetate polymer to which a styrylpyridinium or styrylquinolinium group has been added;(2) a water-dispersible or hydrophobic polymer;(3) a photo-polymerizable unsaturated compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group; and(4) a photo-polymerization initiator.This composition has excellent dispersion stability, sensitivity and resolving power and produces a hardened product having good solvent resistance, water resistance and abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition, comprising a photo-insolubilizable resin having a styryl type nitrogen-containing heterocyclic residue and an acid and a photosensitive high molecular compound, having high sensitivity for an extremely small photosensitive group content.

Abstract: Terephthaldialdehyde monoacetals represented by the general formula: ##STR1## (wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are lower alkyl groups) are novel compounds, and they are produced by the reaction of terephthaldialdehyde with alcohols in the presence of a strongly acidic substance as a catalyst.

Abstract: A partially saponified polyvinyl acetate having at least one stilbazolium group-containing photosensitive unit represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aralkyl group, R.sub.2 is hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, Y is a conjugated base of an inorganic or organic acid, m is an integer of 1 to 6, and n is 0 or 1) and an acetal unit represented by the following general formula: ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen atom or an alkyl group); the acetal units being contained therein in an amount of approximately 0.5 to 10.0 mol % with respect to mole of the polyvinylalcohol units thereof; the stilbazolium group-containing units being contained therein in an amount of approximately 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: A novel compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## [wherein, A is one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## (where R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each an alkyl group and R.sub.4 is an alkylene group), Y is one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## (where R.sub.1 is one member selected from the class consisting of alkyl group, aryl group and aralkyl group)] is obtained by causing a compound of the general formula: ##STR4## (wherein, A and n have the same meaning as described above) to react with a compound of the general formula:Y--CH.sub.3(wherein, Y has the same meaning as described above).

Abstract: A hydrophilic resin comprising a polyvinyl alcohol polymeric backbone and containing styrylpyridinium groups is a photosensitive resin. The photosensitive resin is prepared by reacting a styrylpyridinium salt containing a formyl or acetal group with a polyvinyl alcohol compound.

Abstract: Enzymes are immobilized by dissolving in water a photo-crosslinking resin containing stilbazolium groups, vinyl alcohol units and vinyl acetate units, adding an enzyme to the resultant aqueous solution and exposing the enzyme-containing resin solution to light to induce a crosslinking reaction of the photo-crosslinking resin and produce a polymer containing the enzyme entrapped therein.